Introduction to Internet of Things (IoT)

Introduction to Internet of Things (IoT)

• IoT is a network of connected devices, objects, and items that offer intelligent computing services.
• Smart Things are devices in IoT that facilitate daily tasks efficiently.
• IoT enhances communication and interaction between humans and things.
• ICT (Information and Communication Technology) is crucial in the development of emerging information societies.

Grading System

• Year Work (10 marks): Includes tutorials, attendance, and assignments.
• Final Project (10 marks).
• Practical Exam (10 marks).
• Midterm Exam (20 marks).
• Final Exam (50 marks).

IoT Concept

• IoT is a general introduction to what IoT is.

IoT Definitions (various organizations)

• IEEE: A framework where all things have a representation and presence on the Internet. Aims to integrate physical and virtual worlds through new apps and services. M2M communications form the baseline. Interactions are enabled between Things and applications in the Cloud.
• OASIS: A system where the Internet is connected to the physical world through ubiquitous sensors.
• NIST: Cyber Physical Systems (CPS) connect smart devices in various sectors (transportation, energy, manufacturing, healthcare), creating innovative solutions. Smart Cities/communities adopt this technology to enhance efficiency and sustainability.
• ISO: An infrastructure for interconnected objects, people, systems, and information resources via intelligent services that process information from both physical and digital worlds.
• IETF: IoT "things" encompass computers, sensors, people, actuators, various appliances, and more. categorized into people, machines, and information. Each "thing" is identified ("object") enabling communication.
• ITU: A network that is accessible anywhere, anytime, by anything, and anyone.

IoT Characteristics

• Connectivity: Enables interaction between physical and virtual things through the Internet. Relies on wired/wireless technologies.
• Device Heterogeneity: Supports intelligent interactions through interoperability of different devices on different hardware and network platforms to incorporate ambient intelligence.
• Scalability: Shifts from human-to-human interactions to device-to-device interactions.
• Security: Implemented at the network and end-device levels to protect data.
• Sensor data collection, storage, and processing: Distributed sensors gather data and transmit to the Cloud for storage and analysis to streamline business processes.

IoT Advantages and Disadvantages

• Advantages:*

• Enhanced comfort and convenience: Ambient assisted living (AAL) apps improve quality of life.

• Efficient operations through device-to-device interaction. IoT systems provide faster and more accurate results, saving time.

• Daily activities through IoT devices: Automation of daily tasks improves quality of service.

• Optimized resource utilization: IoT systems improve the efficiency of resource use, saving money.

• Disadvantages:*

• Interoperability and compatibility challenges: Heterogeneous devices can lead to problems in interoperability and compatibility.

• Increased complexity: IoT systems' complexity can result in increased failure rates.

• Potential for unemployment: May lead to higher job losses in traditional sectors.

• Security and privacy concerns: Ubiquitous nature of IoT systems leads to more security and privacy risks.

IoT Vision

• A convergence of three visions: things-centric, Internet-centric, and a semantic approach.
• Things-centric: Focuses on the advancements in smart things using technologies in RFID, NFC, etc.
• Internet-centric: Focuses on the advancements in network technologies to connect smart things via IP, protocols, and the cloud.
• Semantic: Focuses on the data generation and processing by IoT devices with a solution to manage the large amount of data.

Sensor Data Acquisition, Storage, Filtering and Analysis

• Distributed sensors observe and transmit environmental and entity data to the cloud for processing and analysis with the goal of workflow optimization.

Technological Progression in IoT

• The typical early 1990's internet focused on static/dynamic content on the World Wide Web.
• Later, enterprise-level business collaborations drove web services & Web 2.0.
• Current systems incorporate social networks, Machine-to-Machine (M2M) communication, Wireless Sensor Networks (WSN), Cyber Physical Systems (CPS), and Web of Things (WoT) technology to enable communication between devices and the Internet.

Explore the fundamentals of the Internet of Things (IoT) and understand how interconnected devices enhance interactions between humans and technology. This quiz covers definitions, smart devices, and the framework that underpins IoT, drawing on various organizational perspectives. Test your knowledge on the key concepts and principles of IoT.