Introduction To Tooth Morphology PDF

INTRODUCTION TO DENTAL ANATOMY REFEREANCE REFEREANCE REFEREANCE INTRODUCTION TO DENTAL ANATOMY Dental anatomy is the study of the development, morphology, function , and identity of each of the teeth in the human dentitions, as well as the way in which the teeth relate in shape, form, structu...

INTRODUCTION TO DENTAL ANATOMY REFEREANCE REFEREANCE REFEREANCE INTRODUCTION TO DENTAL ANATOMY Dental anatomy is the study of the development, morphology, function , and identity of each of the teeth in the human dentitions, as well as the way in which the teeth relate in shape, form, structure, color, and function to the other teeth in the same dental arch and to the teeth in the opposing arch. WHY? `DDDD Q````````````````````` DENTAL ARCH The teeth are arranged in the mouth in two arches termed DENTAL ARCHES  DENTAL ARCH The teeth are arranged in the mouth in two arches termed DENTAL ARCHES 1- Upper dental arch: Carry the upper teeth and termed maxillary arch.  DENTAL ARCH The teeth are arranged in the mouth in two arches termed DENTAL ARCHES 2- Lower dental arch: Carry the lower teeth and termed mandibular arch.  DENTAL ARCH The midline divide the dental arch into two similar halves, and So Divide the oral cavity into four similar quadrants. 1. Upper right. 2. upper left. 3. Lower left. 1 2 4. lower right. 4 3 Midline: imaginary vertical line divide the body into two similar halves (right half and left half). DENTAL ARCH Alveolar bone is that part of the maxilla and mandible which supports the teeth Dental alveolus (tooth sockets) are sockets in the jaws in which the roots of teeth are held in the alveolar process of maxilla with the periodontal ligament.  TYPES OF DENTITION Humans have two sets of teeth in their lifetime. PRIMARY Dentition. PERMANENT Dentition. MIXED Dentition Periods TYPES OF DENTITION  TYPES OF DENTITION PRIMARY Dentition. It begins to form prenatally at approximately 14 weeks in utero and is completed postnatally at approximately 3 years of age. The first teeth in this dentition begin to appear in the oral cavity at the mean age of 6 months, and the last emerge at a mean age of 28 ± 4 months ( 2-2.5 years )  TYPES OF DENTITION PRIMARY Dentition. Terminology of PRIMARY Teeth: Temporary Teeth. Deciduous Teeth. Milky Teeth. Baby Teeth. Number of PRIMARY Teeth: The oral cavity of children before 6 years of age contain 20 deciduous teeth, 10 in the maxilla and 10 in the mandible. PRIMARY Dentition. PRIMARY Incisors (I). Two in each quadrant: Central incisor is close to midline. Lateral incisor next to central incisor. PRIMARY Canine (C). Next to lateral incisor. primary canine is the corner th mouth. PRIMARY Molars ( M ): The last two teeth in each quadrant. First PRIMARY molar: next to canine. Second PRIMARY molar: last one. DENTAL FORMULA OF PRIMARY TEETH I2 2C1 1M2 2 = 10  TYPES OF DENTITION PERMANENT DENTITION The first permanent tooth begin to erupt is first permanent molar which erupt at about 6 years of age. The emergence of these tooth begins the transition or mixed dentition period, (in which there is a mixture of deciduous and permanent teeth Present ). The transition period lasts from approximately 6 to 12 years of age and ends when all the deciduous teeth have been shed. At that time, the permanent dentition period begins.  TYPES OF DENTITION PERMANENT DENTITION Number of permanent Teeth: The oral cavity contain 32 permanent teeth, 16 in maxilla and 16 in mandible. PERMANENT Dentition. Permanent incisor ( I ): Permanent central incisor: close to midline. Permanent lateral incisor: distal to central incisor. Permanent canine: ( C). Distal to lateral incisor. Premolars ( P ): First Premolar: distal to canine. Second Premolar: distal to first premolar. Permanent Molars ( M ): The last three teeth in each quadrant. First Permanent Molar: is distal to premolars. Second Permanent Molar is distal to first permanent molar. Third Molar is the last tooth in the oral cavity DENTAL FORMULA OF PERMANENT TEETH I2 2C1 1M2 2 = 10 PERMANENT SUCCESSORS Permanent Successors are teeth replace the primary one. primary incisors are replaced by permanent incisors. primary canine is replaced by permanent canine. 1st primary molar is replaced by 1st premolar. The 2nd primary molar is replaced by 2nd premolar. The permanent molars not have primary predecessors and Not Termed Successor. CLASSIFICATION OF TEETH Anterior Teeth: Anterior Teeth is the incisors and canine. Posterior Teeth: posterior teeth are premolars and molars TEETH ANATOMY AND LANDMARK  ANATOMY of the TOOTH Each tooth has a crown and root portion.  ANATOMY of the TOOTH The crown is covered with enamel. The root is covered with cementum. The crown and root join at the cementoenamel junction, this junction also called cervical line  Anatomic Crown and Clinical Crown Anatomic Crown is that part of a tooth that has an enamel surface. The clinical crown is the part of tooth that is visible in the oral cavity. The clinical crown may be longer or shorter than the anatomic crown  MICRO-ANATOMY OF TEETH Enamel is the hard tissue that cover the crown. it is the hardest tissue allover the body. Dentin is the hard tissue that form the main bulk of the tooth. It is covered by enamel at crown and by cementum at root. Dentin surround a central cavity within the tooth termed pulp.  MICRO-ANATOMY OF TEETH Cementum: is the hard tissue that cover the root. The dental pulp is a loose delicate connective tissue occupying the cavity in the center of tooth and surrounded by dentiN.  ANATOMY OF THE PULP TISSUE 1. Coronal pulp: found within the pulp chamber. Coronal pulp Pulp horn: parts of the coronal pulp extend from the roof under the cusp or mamelons. 2. Radicular pulp: found within the root canal The size of radicular pulp decreases apically as the root canal become narrower. SURFACES OF THE TEETH The surfaces are named according to their positions and uses SURFACES OF THE TEETH The crowns of the incisors and canines have four surfaces and a ridge, and the crowns of the premolars and molars have five surfaces  SURFACES OF THE TEETH In the incisors and canines, the surfaces toward the lips are called labial surfaces In the premolars and molars, those facing the cheek are the buccal surfaces. When labial and buccal surfaces are referred to collectively, they are called facial surfaces  SURFACES OF THE TEETH 1- LABIAL SURFACE The surface towards the LIPS in ANTERIOR teeth  SURFACES OF THE TEETH 1- BUCCAL SURFACE The surface towards the CHEEKS in POSTERIOR teeth  SURFACES OF THE TEETH All surfaces facing toward the tongue are called lingual surfaces.  SURFACES OF THE TEETH 2- LINGUAL/PALATAL SURFACE The surface of a tooth facing the TONGUE/PALATE  SURFACES OF THE TEETH The surfaces of the teeth facing toward adjoining teeth in the same dental arch are called proximal or proximate surfaces. The proximal surfaces may be called either mesial or distal.  SURFACES OF THE TEETH 3- MESIAL SURFACE The surface of a tooth facing the median line.  SURFACES OF THE TEETH 4- DISTAL SURFACE The surface of the tooth facing away from the median line  SURFACES OF THE TEETH The surfaces of the premolars and molars that come in contact (occlusion) with those in the opposite jaw during the act of closure are called occlusal surfaces.  SURFACES OF THE TEETH 5- OCCLUSAL SURFACE The surface of a posterior tooth that comes into contact with the opposing teeth  SURFACES OF THE TEETH These are called incisal surfaces with respect to incisors and canines.  SURFACES OF THE TEETH 5- INCISAL SURFACE The surfaces of teeth that come in contact with those inthe opposing jaw during mastication in ANTERIOR DIVISION INTO THIRDS, LINE ANGLES, AND POINT For purposes of description, the crowns and roots of teeth have been divided into thirds. When the surfaces of the crown and root portions are divided into thirds, these thirds are named according to their location DIVISION INTO THIRDS, LINE ANGLES, AND POINT Crown when viewed from front labial or buccal : (Mesiodistal) 1- mesial third 2- middle third 3- distal third DIVISION INTO THIRDS, LINE ANGLES, AND POINT Crown when viewed from front labial or buccal : (Cervico-incisal) : 1- incisal third 2- middle third 3- cervical third DIVISION INTO THIRDS, LINE ANGLES, AND POINT Root-thirds: c- cervical third m- Middle third a- Apical third DIVISION INTO THIRDS, LINE ANGLES, AND POINT Crown when viewed from the side: (buccolingual) 1- facial third 2- middle third 3- lingual third  DIVISION INTO THIRDS, LINE ANGLES, AND POINT Proximal Surfaces: is classified horizontally into three thirds: 1. Incisal Third. 2. Middle Third. 3. Cervical Third Is classified longitudinally into three thirds: 1. Labial Third. 2. Middle Third. 3. Lingual Third Root of Anterior Teeth: is classified horizontally only into three thirds: 1. Cervical Third. 2. Middle Third. 3. Apical Third. DIVISION INTO THIRDS, LINE ANGLES, AND POINT Posterior Teeth: Buccal and lingual Surfaces: is classified horizontally into three thirds: 1. Occlusal Third. 2. Middle Third. 3. Cervical Third. Buccal and lingual Surfaces: is classified longitudinally into three thirds: 1. Mesial Third. 2. Middle Third. 3. Distal Third  DIVISION INTO THIRDS, LINE ANGLES, AND POINT Proximal Surfaces: is classified horizontally into three thirds: 1. Occlusal Third. 2. Middle Third. 3. Cervical Third Is classi!ied longitudinally into three thirds: 1. Buccal Third. 2. Middle Third. 3. Lingual Third Root of Anterior Teeth: is classi!ied horizontally only into three thirds: 1. Cervical Third. 2. Middle Third. 3. Apical Third.  DIVISION INTO THIRDS, LINE ANGLES, AND POINT Proximal Surfaces: is classified horizontally into three thirds: 1. Occlusal Third. 2. Middle Third. 3. Cervical Third Is classi!ied longitudinally into three thirds: 1. Buccal Third. 2. Middle Third. 3. Lingual Third Root of Anterior Teeth: is classi!ied horizontally only into three thirds: 1. Cervical Third. 2. Middle Third. 3. Apical Third. DIVISION INTO THIRDS, LINE ANGLES, AND POINT For purposes of description junctions of the crown surfaces are described as line angles and point angles. Line angle and point angle are used only as descriptive terms to indicate a location DIVISION INTO THIRDS, LINE ANGLES, AND POINT Line angle Two surfaces union.  1- Mesial (O) Or Distal (O) 1 1 Name of Line angle 2- Labial Buccal Or Lingual 2 1 3- Incisal Or Occlusal 2 2 Point angle THREE surfaces union.  1- Mesial (O) Or Distal (O) 1 Name of point angle 2- Labial / Buccal (O) Or Lingual (O) 2 3- Incisal Or Occlusal 3  Tooth Notation Systems It is a system used to identify the tooth category: Type of tooth (permanent or deciduous). Type of tooth (maxillary or mandibular). Type of tooth (right or left) Type of tooth (central or lateral) (1st, 2nd or 3rd). Type of tooth (incisor, canine, premolar, or molar. Nomenclature Dentition + Arch + Side + Tooth name PERMANENT MAXILLARY RIGHT CENTAL, LATERAL,CANINE, PRIMARY MANDIBULAR LEFT PREMOLAR, MOLAR Permanent maxillary right central incisor  1-Palmer notation system In 1861 Adolph Zsigmondy introduced the symbolic system for permanent dentition. He then modified it for the primary dentition in 1874. The symbolic system is now commonly referred to as the Palmer notation system or Zsigmondy system.. 1-Palmer notation system  1-Palmer notation system In 1861 Adolph Zsigmondy introduced the symbolic system for permanent dentition. He then modified it for the primary dentition in 1874. The symbolic system is now commonly referred to as the Palmer notation system or Zsigmondy system.. 1-Palmer notation system 2-Universal notation system ADA officially recommended the Universal system in 1968. In this system for the permanent dentition the maxillary teeth are numbered through 1 to 16. The mandibular teeth are numbered through17 to 32. 2-Universal notation system ADA officially recommended the Universal system in 1968. In this system for the primary dentition the maxillary teeth are numbered through A to J. The mandibular teeth are numbered through K to T.  3-FDI notation system (Federation Dentaire International) The FDI system is a two digit system that has been adopted by WHO. In this system the first digit indicates the quadrant and the second digit indicates the tooth within the quadrant.  3-FDI notation system (Federation Dentaire International) The FDI system is a two digit system that has been adopted by WHO. In this system the first digit indicates the quadrant and the second digit indicates the tooth within the quadrant.