Introduction to IT PDF

Introduction to Information Technology Prepared By: CpE Department 2 What is a computer? ´ A computer is an electronic device used to manipulate data. ´ It can perform both arithmetic and logical operations. 3 Computer Generations ´ First Generation...

Introduction to Information Technology Prepared By: CpE Department 2 What is a computer? ´ A computer is an electronic device used to manipulate data. ´ It can perform both arithmetic and logical operations. 3 Computer Generations ´ First Generation Computer ENIAC ´ It uses Vacuum Tube 4 Computer Generations ´ Second Generation Computer AUTODIN ´ It uses Transistor 5 Computer Generations ´ Third Generation Computer ´ It uses Integrated Circuit (IC) 6 Computer Generations ´ Fourth Generation Computer ´ It uses Microprocessor 7 Computer Generations ´ Fifth Generation Computer ´ It uses Artificial Intelligence 8 Elements of a Computer System ´ Computer System is the totality of interaction with the computer. a. Hardware – The tangible parts of the computer. 9 Elements of a Computer System b. Software – Refers to the set of programs that controls the computer. 10 Elements of a Computer System c. Peopleware – The user of the computer. 11 The Hardware A. Input and Output Devices Input Devices – It allows the user to communicate to the computer. 12 The Hardware Output devices – allows the computer to communicate to the user. 13 The Hardware B. Central Processing Unit (CPU) Consider as the brain of the computer. It is responsible in manipulating data. 14 The Hardware C. Memory Unit The storage unit of the computer. 15 Parts of the CPU (Microprocessor) A. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) It performs arithmetic and logical operation. B. Control Unit (CU) It supervises the flow of information inside the computer. C. Register The memory of the microprocessor. 16 Parts of the CPU (Microprocessor) 17 The Memory Unit ´ Primary/ Main Memory Read Only Memory (ROM) – permanent memory Random Access Memory (RAM) – temporary memory 18 The Memory Unit ´ Secondary Memory Commonly known as the hard disk drive High capacity storage 19 The Memory Unit ´ External Memory memory unit external to the computer 20 SOFTWARE ´ Types of Software ´ System Software It acts as an interface between the computer hardware and the user through application software. 21 SOFTWARE ´ Application Software Consist of programs that perform specific task. 22 SOFTWARE ´ Classification of Application Software ´ Packaged It is designed for general used ´ Customized Designed for a particular user 23 SOFTWARE ´ Programming Language is an application software that can be used to create system software and another application software. ´ Different types of Programming Language ´ High –level Programming Language It is usually human understandable since it uses English-like terms. 24 SOFTWARE ´ Low-level Programming Language Also known as assembly language. It uses mnemonic codes (usually 3-letter word) 25 SOFTWARE ´ Machine Language It uses Binary codes( 0 and 1). The only language that the computer can understand. 26 SOFTWARE ´ Translator converts source code to machine code. ´ Different types of translator ´ Interpreter It converts high-level language to machine language line by line. 27 SOFTWARE ´ Compiler It converts high-level language to machine language as a whole. ´ Assembler It converts low-level language to machine language 28 Peopleware ´ Peopleware refers to the user of the computer. ´ Classification of Peopleware ´ Technical User User with a deep understanding on computers. ´ Non-Technical user Also called as end user.