Introduction To Biotechnology PDF

Biotechnology Science, Technology and Society What is Biotechnology? It is the manipulation of living organisms or parts of living organisms to make products useful to humans It deals with the manipulation of the genes of organisms to alter their behaviour, c...

Biotechnology Science, Technology and Society What is Biotechnology? It is the manipulation of living organisms or parts of living organisms to make products useful to humans It deals with the manipulation of the genes of organisms to alter their behaviour, characteristics, or value Cell and gene technology used to produce new Biotechnology Using scientific methods with organisms to produce new products or new forms of organisms. Any technique that uses living organisms or substances from those organisms to make or modify a product, to improve plants or animals, or to develop micro-organisms for specific uses. Biotechnology Manipulation of genes is called genetic engineering or recombinant DNA technology. Genetic engineering involves taking one or more genes from a location in one organism and either. Transferring them to another organism. Putting them back into the original organism in different combinations. Applications of Biotechnology Cell and Molecular biology. Microbiology. Genetics. Anatomy and Physiology. Biochemistry. Engineering. Applications of Biotechnology Cell and Molecular biology. Microbiology. Virus-resistant crop plants and livestock. Diagnostics for detecting genetic diseases and acquired diseases. Therapies that use genes to cure diseases. Recombinant vaccines to prevent disease. Biotechnology can also aid the environment. Development of Biotechnology Ancient biotechnology- early history as related to food and shelter; Includes domestication. Classical biotechnology- built on ancient biotechnology; Fermentation promoted food production, and medicine. Modern biotechnology- manipulates genetic information in organism; Genetic engineering.  Timeline of Biotechnology Science, Technology and Society Timeline of Biotechnology 8000 B.C.E 4000 B.C.E Domestication Egyptians master of plants and the art of wine Timeline of Biotechnology 2000 B.C.E 2000 B.C.E Egyptians used Egyptians and Sumerians learned brewing and cheese yeast to make making  Timeline of Biotechnology 500 B.C.E 300 B.C.E Mouldy soybean Greeks develop curds used to treat grafting Timeline of Biotechnology 100 C.E 1663 Powdered Robert Hooke chrysanthemu described the  Timeline of Biotechnology 1675 1797 Anton van Leeuwenhoek Edward Jenner discovers protozoa and bacteria created the cowpox Timeline of Biotechnology 1802 1830 “Biology” first Proteins appears are  Timeline of Biotechnology 1855 1857 Escherichia coli is Fermentation discovered by Theodor and Germ Escherich Timeline of Biotechnology 1859 1861 Charles Darwin published the Theory of Evolution by Louis Pasteur Natural Selection develops Timeline of Biotechnology 1865 1888 Heinrich Wilhelm Gregor Mendel Gottfried Waldeyer and Laws of discovered the Timeline of Biotechnology 1915 1919 Bacteriophages “Biotechnology” was were discovered introduced by Károly  Timeline of Biotechnology 1922 1927 Dr. Frederick Banting and Herman Muller - radiation Charles Best discovered causes defects in insulin chromosomes  Timeline of Biotechnology 1928 1944 Oswald Avery, Colin MacLeod Alexander Fleming and Maclyn McCarty proved and antibiotic that the DNA carries the  Timeline of Biotechnology 1953 1966 Watson, Crick and Wilkins The genetic code described the 3d Model of DNA for DNA is Timeline of Biotechnology 1971 1973 The first complete Stanley Cohen and Herbert Boyer perfected genetic synthesis of gene engineering techniques Timeline of Biotechnology 1975 1982 George Kohler and Cesar First FDA approved Milstein developed the technology to produce human insulin was Timeline of Biotechnology 1981 1983 First transgenic Polymerase Chain Reaction (PCR) technique animals are by Kary Mullis Timeline of Biotechnology 1986 1986 First recombinant First anti cancer vaccine : drug : Interferon  Timeline of Biotechnology 1987 1994 GMO : Virus- First GMO resistant tomatoes product was sold Timeline of Biotechnology 1997 1998 The first cloned Human Embryonic animal from an Stem Cell Lines are  Timeline of Biotechnology 1999 2002 The Human Draft version of Genome Project is THGP is published Timeline of Biotechnology 2003 2004 Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome First cloned pet (SARS) virus is Timeline of Biotechnology 2006 2010 Recombinant vaccine Malaria- against Human resistant Papillomavirus (HPV) Recent Breakthroughs Improved Targeted Nutritional Cancer Quality of Therapies Food Gene Therapy CRISPR Types of Biotechnology Agricultural Biotechnology Aquatic Biotechnology Microbial Biotechnology Bioremediation Animal Biotechnology Medical Biotechnology Forensic Biotechnology  Microbial Biotechnology Manipulation of microorganisms such as yeast and bacteria Create better enzymes More efficient decontamination processes for industrial waste product removal Used to clone and produce large amounts of important proteins used  Agricultural Biotechnology Plants more environmentally friendly that yield more per acre (genetically engineered) Resistance to diseases and insects Foods with higher protein or vitamin content Drugs developed and grown as plant products  Animal Biotechnology Animals as a source of medically valuable proteins Antibodies Transgenic animals Animals as important models in basic research Gene "knockout" experiments Design and testing of drugs and genetic  Forensic Biotechnology DNA fingerprinting Inclusion or exclusion of a person from suspicion Paternity cases Identification of human remains Endangered species Tracking and confirmation of the spread of disease  Bioremediation The use of biotechnology to process and degrade a variety of natural and manmade substances Particularly those that contribute to environmental pollution Example – stimulated growth of bacteria that degrade components in crude oil  Bioremediation Bioremediation – adding nutrients to stimulate growth of bacteria to clean up oil spill Alcanivorax borkumensis  Aquatic Biotechnology Aquaculture Raising finfish or shellfish in controlled conditions for use as food sources 50% of all fish consumed by humans worldwide Genetic engineering Disease-resistant strains of oysters Vaccines against viruses that infect salmon and other finfish Transgenic salmon that overproduce growth hormone Bioprospecting Rich and valuable sources of new genes, proteins and metabolic processes with important applications for human benefits Marine plankton and snails found to be rich sources of antitumor and anticancer  Medical Biotechnology Involved with the whole spectrum of human medicine Preventive medicine Diagnosis of health and illness Treatment of human diseases New information from Human Genome Project Gene therapy Stem cell technologies Pros Cons and  Pros It can improve health It creates flexibility and reduce hunger within the food simultaneously  Pros It offers medical It allows us to advancement preserve opportunities resources  Pros It helps us minimise It can reduce waste products infectious disease rates Cons It creates an all- It is a field of or- nothing research with Cons It can be used It could ruin for croplands