Introduction to Microbiology Workbook PDF

**Introduction to Microbiology** **RELEVANT TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH MICROBIOLOGY** **Please complete the definition of terms. These will be used in sessions moving forward to feel comfortable with these terms.** Term Definition...

**Introduction to Microbiology** **RELEVANT TERMS ASSOCIATED WITH MICROBIOLOGY** **Please complete the definition of terms. These will be used in sessions moving forward to feel comfortable with these terms.** Term Definition Example ------------------------ ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- --------- New infection Invasion and growth of microorganisms 'Old' infection Chronic infections that last for years Re-emerging infections An infection that returns after a period of decline. Pathogenesis The origination and development of disease Prokaryotes Single cell organism that lacks a nucleus and other organelles. Eukaryotes Organisms that contain a nucleus and other membrane bound organelles. Commensal Microbes that reside on surface of body or mucosa without harming human health. Obligates aerobes Organism that requires oxygen to grow. Facultative anaerobes Anaerobe that can grow without oxygen but will use it if present. Obligate anaerobes Anaerobe which is harmed and can't survive in the presence of oxygen Metabolites Any substance produced during metabolism (digestion or other body chemical processes) Enzymes Proteins that help speed up metabolism or chemical reactions in body. Endotoxin Outer portion of cell wall and released when bacteria dies and cell wall breaks apart. Exotoxin Produced inside bacteria as part of growth and metabolism, then released into surrounding areas. Transmission The process when a pathogen spreads from one host to another. Incubation period The time between exposure to a pathogen, chemical or radiation and when symptoms first appear. Prodromal period Early stage of disease or infection when the first signs and symptoms appear but before more severe symptoms develop. Innocuous Not harmful or offensive Pathogenic Can cause disease such as microorganism or other germ Endemic Disease that is restricted to particular region. Epidemic Sudden and rapid spread of disease or infection. Pandemic Spread of new or old disease spreads worldwide. Commensal An organism that benefits from another organism, the host, without harming or helping it. Virulence Pathogens or microorganisms ability to cause damage to a host. Opportunistic Organisms that can thrive in a variety of conditions but take opportunities to flourish when they appear. **Microbial Growth Factors** **Temperature** The optimum is required for efficient activity of many bacterial enzymes, although bacteria can grow in a wide range of temperatures. Term Definition ------------------- -------------------------------------------------------------------------- Mesophiles Grow best in moderate temperature, optimum growth range 30-45 degrees. Thermophiles Grow best at high temperatures, optimum growth range 60-70 degrees. Psychrophiles Grow best at low temperatures, optimum growth range 5-15 degrees. Hyperthermophiles Grow best in very hot temperatures, optimum growth range 90-100 degrees. **pH** Term Definition ------------- ----------------------------------------------------------------- Acidophile Thrive under highly acidic conditions, optimum pH level 3-4. Neutrophile Thrive under neutral conditions, optimum pH level 6-7. Alkaliphile Thrive under highly alkaline conditions, optimum pH level 9-10.