Intro to Gen Psych PH.pptx

Introduction to Psychology  Intro to Psych “Psyche” and “Logos” (1590’s, Rudolph Goclenius) – “Mind/Soul” / “Study of-” Goals of Psychology – Describe(What happened) – Understand and Explain (Why it happened) – Predict (When can it possibly happen again) – Influence(How...

Introduction to Psychology  Intro to Psych “Psyche” and “Logos” (1590’s, Rudolph Goclenius) – “Mind/Soul” / “Study of-” Goals of Psychology – Describe(What happened) – Understand and Explain (Why it happened) – Predict (When can it possibly happen again) – Influence(How can we modify or exert control over it) – Apply (How can we use this knowledge)  Kinds of Psychologists Clinical Psychologists – Diagnosis and treatment  Kinds of Psychologists Applied Psychologists – Practical problems  Kind of Psychologists Research psychologists – Discovery and development of theories and principles of behavior and mind  History Empiricism – Knowledge arises directly from experience – Aristotle: “Tabula Rasa”(echoed by John Locke) Descartes: Mind and body are separate – Mind controlled actions of a mechanical body – The concept of “Reflex” –  History Nativism – Immanuel Kant: Humans are born with a certain mental structure – Some kinds of knowledge and ideas are inborn or innate Nature vs Nurture – Traits = Nature, Experience = Nurture  Schools of Thought Structuralism (1879) – Breaking down the mind into elementary parts – Wundt: study of the innate conscious experience. Based on what people sense and perceive when they reflect inward – Edward Titchener: Identify the elements, and learn how these elements combine to produce meaningful wholes – Systematic Introspection  Schools of Thought Functionalism (1890’s) – Focused more on the purpose or function rather than the structure of consciousness – William James focused more on how our minds adapt to a changing environment  Schools of Thought Psychoanalytic (1890s) – Sigmund Freud focused on the unconscious mind to explain personality and mental illness – Dream analysis is used as one of the main tools of assessment by Sigmund Freud  Schools of Thought Behaviorism (1910s) – Focus are on objective, scientific analysis of observable data, namely, behavior – John Watson: data pertaining to consciousness should be discarded as they can not be publicly observed  Schools of Thought Gestalt Psychology (1910s) – Focused on describing the organization of mental processes – Max Wertheimer: The whole is greater than the sum of its parts  Perspectives in Psychology Biological – Explains behavior in terms of underlying biological processes Behavioral – Emphasis on how the environment and experience affects our actions Cognitive – Focus on cognitive processes such as thinking, memory etc. that underlie behavior  Perspectives in Psychology Psychodynamic – Unconscious motivation and early childhood experiences are bases in determining behavior and thought Humanistic – Focuses on the aspects of personality that make people uniquely human such as freedom of choice and personal growth  Perspectives in Psychology Evolutionary – Origin of behavior and their purpose Socio-Cultural – Social and indigenous psychology Eclectic Approach – Uses a combination of various perspectives References: Books: Nairne, J Psychology 6th edition, ISE (2014) Weiten, W. Psychology Themes and Variations, Wiley Publishing Inc., (2014) Passer, Smith, Psychology, The Science of Mind and Behavior 3rd edition, (2014) Images: https://www.slideshare.net/bpiper74/introductory-psychology-rese arch-design https://www.slideshare.net/bpiper74/introductory-psychology-resear ch-design https://www.slideshare.net/luisaepv/the-gestalt-laws-of-perception http://graphicdesign.spokanefalls.edu/tutorials/process/gestaltprinci ples/gestaltprinc.htm https://www.slideshare.net/ideguzman/filipino-values-for-uploading