Integumentary and Musculoskeletal Systems (PDF)

Integumentary System-Prefixes: Prefix: Meaning: Cutaneous Pertaining to the skin Dermal Pertaining to the skin Epidermal...

Integumentary System-Prefixes: Prefix: Meaning: Cutaneous Pertaining to the skin Dermal Pertaining to the skin Epidermal Pertaining to upon the skin Hypodermic Pertaining to under the skin Intradermal Pertaining to within the skin Subcutaneous Pertaining to under the skin Ungual Pertaining to the nail Musculoskeletal System: Functions: 1) Supports body 3 ) Protects internal organs 2) Produces blood cell 4 ) stores minerals Musculoskeletal System-Terms Term Definition Bone ‫ﻋظﺎم‬ Hard connective tissue that forms skeleton of body Figure13 Articular ‫ﻣﻔﺻل‬ Cartilage at a joint Figure13 Periosteum‫ﺣول اﻟﻌظم‬ Fibrous membrane covering the surface of bone Figure14 Calcium, phosphorus Minerals important in the formation of bone Cartilage‫ﻏﺿروف‬ Flexible connective tissue found in joints, fetal skeleton, and lining of various parts of body. Figure13 Ligament ‫ارﺑطﺔ‬ Sheet of fibrous tissue connecting and supporting bones; attaches bone to bone Figure13 Marrow‫ﻧﺧﺎع‬ Connective tissue filling the medullary cavity, often rich in nutrients Figure14 Muscle ‫ﻋﺿل‬ Contractile tissue that plays a major role in body movement Musculoskeletal System of the body including the muscles and skeleton.. Osteoblast ‫ﺧﻼﯾﺎ‬ Cells that forms bone Figure14 ‫اﻟﻣﺻﻧﻌﺔ ﻟﻠﻌﺿم‬ Musculoskeletal System-Combining Forms: CombiningForm Meaning: Example: Arthr(o) Joint‫ﻣﻔﺻل‬ Arthrogram (x-ray of a joint) Brachi(o) arm ‫ذراع‬ Brachiocephalic (relating to both the arm and head) Carp(o) wrist ‫رﺳﻎ‬ Carpopedal (relating to the wrist and foot) Cephal(o) head ‫رأس‬ Cephalomegaly (abnormally large head Cervic(o) Neck‫رﻗﺑﺔ‬ Cervicodynia (neck pain). Chondr(o) Cartilage Chondroplasty (surgical repair of cartilage). ‫ﻏﺿروف‬ Cost(o) Rib‫ﺿﻠﻊ‬ Costiform (rib-shaped). Crani(o) skull‫ﺟﻣﺟﻣﮫ‬ Craniotomy (incision into skull). Dactyl(o) Fingers, toes Dactylitis (inflammation of the fingers or toes). My(o) Muscle ‫ﻋﺿﻼت‬ Myocardium (cardiac muscle in the middle layer of the heart). Fibr(o) fiber‫اﻟﯾﺎف‬ Fibroma (benign tumor in fibrous tissue). Myel(o) Spinal cord; Myelocyst (cyst that develops in bone marrow). bone marrow Oste(o) Bone ‫ﻋظﺎم‬ Osteoarthritis ( erosion of cartilage & bone with joint pain). Patell(o) knee ‫رﻛﺑﮫ‬ Patellectomy (excision of patella). Ped(i), ped(o) foot ‫ﻗدم‬ Pedometer (instrument for measuring walking distance). Pelv(i) Pelvis‫اﻟﺣوض‬ Pelviscope (instrument for viewing pelvic cavity). Vertebr(o) Vertebra ‫ﻓﻘرة‬ Vertebrarterial (relating to vertebral artery or to a vertebra and an artery). Rachi(o) Spine ‫اﻟﻌﻣود اﻟﻔﻘري‬ Rachiometer ( for measuring spine curvature). Stern(o) Sternum ‫ﻋظﺎم‬ Sternodynia (sternum pain). ‫اﻟﻘﻔص اﻟﺻدري‬ Nervous System: Central nervous system Peripheral nervous system: *Brain *12 pairs of cranial nerves *Spinal cord *31pairs of spinal nerves Nervos System-Terms: Term Definition Brain ‫اﻟدﻣﺎغ‬ Body organ responsible for controlling body’s functions and interactions with external stimuli ‫ ﺑﯾﺗﺣﻛم ﺑﺟﻣﯾﻊ وظﺎﺋف اﻟﺟﺳم‬Figure15 Brainstem ‫ﺟذع اﻟدﻣﺎغ‬ Brain division that controls certain heart, lung, and visual functions. ‫ﺑﯾﺗﺣﻛم ﺑوﺿﺎﺋف اﻟرﺋﺗﯾن واﻟﻘﻠب واﻟﻧظر‬Figure15 Cerebellum ‫اﻟﻣﺧﯾﺦ‬ Brain division that coordinates musculoskeletal movement. ‫ﺑﯾﻌﻣل ﺗﻧﺎﺳﻖ‬ ‫ﺑﺣرﻛﺔ اﻟﻌﺿﻼت‬Figure15 Cerebrum ‫اﻟﻣﺦ‬ Brain division involved with emotions, memory, conscious thought and moral behavior Figure15 Spinal cord ‫اﻟﻧﺧﺎع اﻟﺷوﻛﻲ‬ Ropelike tissue that sits inside the vertebral column and from which spinal nerves extend Figure17 Cranial nerves ‫اﻷﻋﺻﺎب‬ Any of 12 pairs of nerves that carry impulses to and from the brain. ‫اﻟدﻣﺎﻏﯾﮫ‬ 12 ‫ اﻻﻋﺻﺎب ﯾﻠﻲ ﺑﺗﻧﻘل اﻻﺷﺎرات ﻣن واﻟﻰ اﻟدﻣﺎغ وﻋددھم‬Figure16 Cranium ‫اﻟﺟﻣﺟﻣﮫ‬ Bony structure that brain sits in. ‫ﻋظﺎم ﺗﺣﯾط ﺑﺎﻟدﻣﺎغ وھﻲ ﻧﻔﺳﮭﺎ اﻟﺟﻣﺟﻣﮫ‬Figure16 Synapse ‫ﺗﺷﺎﺑك ﻋﺻﺑﻲ‬ Junction between nerve cells Figure17 Excitability ‫ﺗﺣﻔﯾز‬ Ability to respond to stimuli. ‫اﻟﻘﺎﺑﻠﯾﮫ ﻟﻠﺗﺣﻔﯾز‬ Medulla oblongata Part of brain stem that regulates heart and lung functions, swallowing, vomiting, coughing. Figure16 Midbrain Middle brain (part of the brainstem involved with visual reflexes). Figure16 Nerve ‫اﻟﻌﺻب‬ Bundle of neurons that bear electrical messages to organs and muscles of body. ‫اﻋﺼﺎب ﺗﺤﻤﻞ اﺷﺎرات ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ اﻟﻰ اﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬Figure17 Neurotransmitters ‫ اﻟﻧواﻗل‬Various substances located in tiny sacs at end of axon. ‫ﻣﻮاد ﻋﺼﺒﯿﮫ ﺗﻔﺮز ﻓﻲ ﻧﮭﺎﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺻﺑﯾﺔ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺼﺐ ﻣﺜﻞ اﻻﺑﻨﻔﺮﯾﻦ‬Figure17 Parasympathetic Part of the autonomic nervous system that operates nervous system ‫اﻟﻧظﺎم‬ when body is in a normal state ‫ھﺎد اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﺑﯿﺘﺤﻜﻢ ﺑﺎﻟﺠﺴﻢ ﻓﻲ اوﻗﺎت اﻟﺮاﺣﮫ ﻣﺜﻼ ﻟﻤﺎ ﺑﯿﺎﻛﻞ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺻﺑﻲ وﻗت اﻟراﺣﮫ‬ ‫اﻻﻧﺴﺎن او ﺑﻨﺎم‬ sympathetic Part of the autonomic nervous system that operates nervous system ‫اﻟﻨﻈﺎم‬ when the body is under stress. ‫ھﺎد اﻟﻨﻈﺎم ﻋﻜﺲ ﯾﻠﻲ ﻗﺒﻠﮫ ﺑﯿﺸﺘﻐﻞ ﻟﻤﺎ ﯾﻜﻮن اﻻﻧﺴﺎن ﻓﻲ‬ ‫اﻟﻌﺼﺒﻲ ﻋﻨﺪ اﻟﺘﻮﺗﺮ‬ ‫ﺣﺎﻟﺔ ﺗﻮﺗﺮ ﻣﺜﻼ ﻋﻨﺪه اﻣﺘﺤﺎن ھﮭﮭﮫ‬ Receptors ‫اﻟﻤﺴﺘﻘﺒﻼت‬ Tissue or organ that receives nerve impulses ‫اﻟﺮﯾﺴﺒﺘﺮات ﺑﯿﺴﺘﻘﺒﻠﻮ اﻻﺷﺎرات اﻟﻌﺼﺒﯿﮫ‬ ‫ﻣﻦ اﻟﺪﻣﺎغ او ﻣﻦ اﻋﻀﺎء اﻟﺠﺴﻢ‬ Nervous System-Combining Forms: Combining Form eaning: Example: Cerebell(o) Cerebellum Cerebellitis (inflammation of cerebellum) Cerebr(o), cerebri Cerebrum Cerebralgia (pain in the head). Crani(o) Cranium Craniofacial, relating to face and cranium. Encephal(o) Brain Encephalitis (inflammation of the brain). Gli(o) Neuroglia Gliomatosis (abnormal growth of neuroglia in brain or spinal cord). Mening(o), Meninges Meningitis (inflammation of the meninges). meningi(o) Neur(o), Neuri Nerve Neuritis (inflammation of a nerve). Vag(o) Vagus nerve Vagectomy (surgical removal of a portion of vagus nerve). Spin(o) Spine Spinoneural (relating to spine and nerves that extend from it). Myel(o) Bone marrow, Myelomalacia (softening of the spinal cord). ALSHAWABKEH