International Relations Exam 2.docx

**International Relations: A Study Guide** **Short Answer Questions** 1. **Explain the concept of sovereignty and its significance in international relations.** 2. **What is the difference between a state and a nation? Provide an example.** 3. **How does the concept of an anarchic sys...

**International Relations: A Study Guide** **Short Answer Questions** 1. **Explain the concept of sovereignty and its significance in international relations.** 2. **What is the difference between a state and a nation? Provide an example.** 3. **How does the concept of an anarchic system apply to international relations?** 4. **Describe the role of diplomacy in international relations, giving examples of both successes and failures.** 5. **What is the difference between an intergovernmental organization (IGO) and a supranational organization? Provide examples of each.** 6. **Explain the main principles behind international law, using the Lotus Case as an example.** 7. **How has the concept of sovereignty been challenged by the emergence of human rights norms?** 8. **What are the four ethical positions regarding human protection in international relations? Briefly explain each.** 9. **Define transnational terrorism. Why is it important to accurately define terrorism?** 10. **What is the difference between private goods and public goods? Provide examples relevant to international relations.** **Glossary of Key Terms** **Anarchic System:** A system lacking a central governing authority. In international relations, it refers to the absence of a world government. **BRIC Countries:** An acronym for Brazil, Russia, India, and China, representing emerging economic powers. **Countervailing Duty (CVD):** A tariff imposed on imported goods to offset the effect of a foreign government subsidy. **Diplomacy:** The practice of conducting negotiations between states, aimed at resolving conflicts and promoting cooperation. **Dumping:** Selling a product in a foreign market at a price lower than in the domestic market or below production costs. **Exchange Rates:** The value of one currency in relation to another currency or gold. **Foreign Policy:** A state\'s strategy and actions in its relations with other states. **GDP (Gross Domestic Product):** The total value of goods and services produced by a country during a year. **Hegemony:** Dominance or leadership, particularly in international relations. **IGO (Intergovernmental Organization):** An organization whose members are states, e.g., the UN. **Inflation:** An increase in the price of goods and services. **International Law:** A set of rules and principles governing relations between states. **Nation:** A group of people with a shared identity, language, culture, or history. **Nation-State:** A political entity with a defined territory, government, population, and shared national identity. **NGO (Non-Governmental Organization):** A non-profit, citizen-based group operating independently of governments. **Norms:** Shared expectations and standards of behavior in international relations. **Sovereignty:** The principle of supreme and exclusive authority over a territory. **State:** A political entity with a defined territory, government, and population. **Structural Adjustment Programs (SAPs):** Economic policies imposed by international financial institutions on developing countries. **Supranational Organization:** An organization with authority over its member states, e.g., the EU. **Tariff:** A tax imposed on imported goods. **Transnational Terrorism:** The use or threat of violence by non-state actors across borders to pursue political change. **Westphalian System:** The modern state system based on the principle of state sovereignty, originating from the 1648 Peace of Westphalia.