INTERMOLECULAR-FORCES-AND-THE-BIOLOGICAL-MACROMOLECULES.pptx

INTERMOLECULAR FORCES AND THE BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES LESSON 4  TARGETS: Describe the general types of intermolecular forces Explain the effect of intermolecular forces on the properties of substances Explain how the structures of biological macromolecul...

INTERMOLECULAR FORCES AND THE BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES LESSON 4  TARGETS: Describe the general types of intermolecular forces Explain the effect of intermolecular forces on the properties of substances Explain how the structures of biological macromolecules such as carbohydrates, lipids, nucleic acid, and proteins determine their properties and functions. SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 01  Picture Analysis: Guide questions:  Guide questions: 1. Why droplets of water form beads rather than spread out on leaf ? 2. What makes it possible for a needle to float on water? Or for an insect such as a water strider to float on it?  Guide questions: 1. Why droplets of water form beads rather than spread out on leaf ? 2. What makes it possible for a needle to float on water? Or for an insect such as a water strider to float on it?  INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF ATTRACTION AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER Physical properties are characteristics of substances that are observed without changing the substance into another. These forces are termed Intermolecular forces of attraction SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 02  INTERMOLECULAR FORCES OF ATTRACTION AND PHYSICAL PROPERTIES OF MATTER The strength of a substance’s intermolecular attractive force determine many of its physical properties, such as its melting point, boiling point, capillarity, viscosity, surface tension and solubility. SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 03  1. Boiling point Point, ℃ Type of Type of Example Boiling Chemical compound Bond Ionic Ionic NaCl 1413 Polar Molecular ICl 97 Nonpolar Molecular Br2 59 SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 04  2. Surface Tension The property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of its molecules SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 05  2. Surface Tension The property of the surface of a liquid that allows it to resist an external force, due to the cohesive nature of its molecules SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 05  3. Viscosity Viscosity is the resistance to flow. Liquids with strong intermolecular forces have higher viscosities SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 06 4. Capillarity Is the ability of liquids to rise in a narrow tube because the adhesive forces are greater than the cohesive forces SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 07 4. Capillarity Is the ability of liquids to rise in a narrow tube because the adhesive forces are greater than the cohesive forces SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 07  Dipole-Dipole Forces The intermolecular forces of attraction acting on polar molecules These are short-ranged forces that exist between molecules that are very near with each other. SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 08  Dipole-induced dipole A polar molecule can induce in a nonpolar molecule by temporarily attracting its electron. It is short-ranged and consider weaker than a dipole-dipole force SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 09  Dipole-Dipole Forces Intermolecular forces also affect solubility. A polar molecule is only soluble in another polar molecule A nonpolar molecule is only soluble in another nonpolar molecule SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 10  Examples: Nonpolar substance Polar substance SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 11  Examples: Nonpolar substance Polar substance SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 11  Hydrogen bonding Is a special type of dipole-dipole interaction in which a hydrogen atom bonded to highly electronegative atoms such nitrogen, oxygen, or fluorine is attracted to an unshared pair of electrons of an electronegative atom from another molecule. SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 12  London Dispersion Forces In 1930, Fritz London suggest that intermolecular forces exist between all atoms molecules. SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 13  THE BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES Living organisms respond to changes in the environment These changes are possible because of the presence of large organic compounds called macromolecules SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 14  THE BIOLOGICAL MACROMOLECULES Macromolecules consist of smaller units called monomers They are formed by dehydration reactions SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 15 MAIN TYPES OF MACROMOLECULES SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 16  CARBOHYDRATES Most abundant biological macromolecules Very important because they provide living organisms with energy Structural support SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 17  CARBOHYDRATES The chemical structure of carbohydrate affects how it performs several functions SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 18 THREE TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES 1. Monosaccharides 2. Disaccharides 3. Polysaccharides SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 19 THREE TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES 1. Monosaccharides 2. Disaccharides 3. Polysaccharides SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 19 THREE TYPES OF CARBOHYDRATES 1. Monosaccharides 2. Disaccharides 3. Polysaccharides SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 19 Monosaccharides SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 20 Disaccharides SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 21 Polysaccharides SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 22  LIPIDS Lipids are made of carbon, hydrogen, and oxygen They also exist in our cell membranes They are insoluble in water, but soluble in organic solvents SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 23 LIPIDS GLYCEROL Are obtained from animal fats and oils SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 24 LIPIDS STEROIDS Are fat-soluble organic compounds with four rings of carbon atoms SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 25  CLASSIFICATION OF LIPIDS Saturated fatty Unsaturated fatty Trans fatty acids acids acids SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 26 NUCLEIC ACIDS Carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and phosphates make up nucleic acids SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 27  NUCLEIC ACIDS Nucleotides are the basic building blocks of nucleic acids 3 basic parts 1. Nitrogenous base 2. Phosphate group 3. Sugar Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 SLIDE 28  PROTEINS Made of carbon, hydrogen, oxygen, nitrogen and sulfur An amino acid is a molecule consisting of a central carbon with the following units bonded to it. SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 29 PROTEINS SLIDE Intermolecular Forces and the Biological Macromolecules Lesson 4 30  ASSIGNMENT: dishwashing liquid cooking oil alcohol large shallow container narrow glass tube or clear plastic straw ruler nail polish remover (acetone) teaspoon “Do not despise these small beginnings, for the LORD rejoices to see the plumb line in Zerubbabel’s hand.” Zechariah 4:10  References Book/s: 1. Karen S. Santiago (2016). Exploring Life Through Science Series -Physical Science (SHS). Phoenix Publishing House Inc. pp. 67-80 2. Rocelia M. de Villa (2016). Exploring Natural Science: Physical Science (SHS). Salesiana Books by Don Bosco Press Inc. pp. 44-72 Online links: 1. https://www.labxchange.org/library/pathway/lx-pathway:d434428e-91c2-4aac-9d4d-9 e110fb97734/items/lx-pb:d434428e-91c2-4aac-9d4d-9e110fb97734:lx_simulation:441ea56f 2. https://www.labxchange.org/library/pathway/lx-pathway:d434428e-91c2-4aac-9d4d-9e110fb97 734/items/lx-pb:d434428e-91c2-4aac-9d4d-9e110fb97734:lx_simulation:243ec0e1 3. https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=V5hhrDFo8Vk