Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion PDF

Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion Review Materials A QUESTIONNAIRE is a from a structured set of questions or list of questions or items used to gather data from respondents like attributes, attitudes and actions of a population INTERVIEW is a structured c...

Inquiries, Investigations and Immersion Review Materials A QUESTIONNAIRE is a from a structured set of questions or list of questions or items used to gather data from respondents like attributes, attitudes and actions of a population INTERVIEW is a structured conversation where one participant asks questions and the other provides answers OBSERVATION is a face-to-face interaction/ encounter with the respondent’s actual activity OPEN-ENDED QUESTIONS- Respondents are free to answer in their own words. These types provide more detailed and qualitative data. CLOSE-ENDED QUESTIONS- Respondents are given predefined options to choose from. These are easier to analyze as the answers are fixed. RATING SCALE QUESTIONS- These questionnaires ask respondents to rate a particular item or statement on a scale, often used for measuring attitudes, opinions, or satisfaction PRIMARY SOURCES OF DATA Primary data refers to data that is collected firsthand for a specific research purpose. This data is original and has not been previously analyzed. 1. Surveys and Questionnaires - 2. Interviews 3. Experiments and Observations - scientists use to gain insights and draw conclusions. Experiments involve manipulating variables to study effects, while observations involve monitoring subjects without interference. 4. Case Studies - a detailed examination of a subject, such as a person, group, or event, to gain a better understanding of it. Often used in research to answer questions about how and why something works. 5. Field Studies - a research method that involves collecting data and making observations outside of a laboratory or classroom setting. 6. Focus Groups - research method that involves a small group of people discussing a specific topic. 7. Direct Measurements - the process of directly capturing the exact variable or characteristic you are interested in studying SECONDARY SOURCES OF DATA Secondary data refers to data that has already been collected, processed, and published by someone else. This data is used for purposes other than the one for which it was originally collected. 1. Books and Textbooks 2. Research Papers and Articles 3. Government Reports and Publications 4. Databases and Archives 5. News Media and Magazines 6. Company Records and Reports 7. Industry Reports 8. Public Databases and Repositories 9. Social Media and Web Analytics 10. Historical Documents 11. Census Data Different Citation Styles: APA focuses on the author's name and publication year, and it's commonly used in social sciences. MLA prioritizes the author's name and page number for in-text citations and is often used in humanities. Chicago offers two styles: the Notes and Bibliography system (commonly used in history, literature) and the Author-Date system (commonly used in sciences). Most Common Research Designs 1. Descriptive Research Design  Purpose: To describe characteristics of a population or phenomenon being studied. This design doesn't test hypotheses but provides a detailed picture of what is happening.  Methods: Surveys, case studies, observational studies, and content analysis.  Example: Describing the demographic characteristics of a group of consumers using surveys or describing the behavior patterns of students in a classroom through observations. 2. Correlational Research Design  Purpose: To explore the relationship between two or more variables, without manipulating them. It doesn't establish cause and effect but identifies if a relationship exists.  Methods: Surveys, observational data, statistical analysis (correlation coefficients).  Example: Studying the correlation between students' study hours and their academic performance. 3. Experimental Research Design  Purpose: To determine causality by manipulating one or more independent variables and observing the effect on the dependent variable. This design aims to establish cause-and-effect relationships.  Methods: Randomized controlled trials (RCTs), laboratory experiments, field experiments.  Example: Testing a new teaching method to see if it improves student performance by randomly assigning participants to control and experimental groups. P.S. Paki-review rin yung citation process. Nadiscuss ko na iyo sa PR2. Pakihanap yung PPT non. Nasa GC natin. GOODLUCK and GODBLESS YOU! _Sir Paul