Inorganic Chemistry: Pharmacy Assessment PDF

PHARMACY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM: MODULE 1 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY SODIUM POTASSIUM SODIUM ACETATE NaHCOO3 POTASSIUM CHLORIDE KCl  Diuretic  ‘Ringer’s solution’...

PHARMACY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM: MODULE 1 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY SODIUM POTASSIUM SODIUM ACETATE NaHCOO3 POTASSIUM CHLORIDE KCl  Diuretic  ‘Ringer’s solution’  Antacid  ‘Darrow’s solution’  Alkalinizing agent in Benedict’s solution  Electrolyte replenisher SODIUM BICARBONATE NaHCO3 POTASSIUM PERMANGANATE KMnO4  ‘Baking Soda’  ‘Mineral Chameleon’  Antacid  Volumetric solution and indicator in Permanganometry SODIUM CHLORIDE NaCl  Antidote for Strychnine poisoning  ‘Table Salt’  ‘Rock Salt’ POTASSIUM BITARTRATE KC4H5O6  Condiment  ‘Cream of Tartar’  Oral Rehydrating Salt  ‘Creamor’  Only insoluble salt of Potassium SODIUM BIPHOSPHATE NaH2PO4  ‘Fleet enema’ AMMONIUM AND AMMONIUM  Stool softener  Urinary acidifier for Cystitis COMPOUNDS SODIUM CARBONATE Na2CO3 AMMONIUM ION NH4  ‘Anhydrous’  Preparation:  Soda ash  Haber-Bosch process  ‘Dihydrate’  Haber process  Trona  Hypothetical alkali metal  ‘Decahydrate’  Sal soda AMMONIUM CHLORIDE NH4Cl  Washing soda  ‘Muriate of Hartshorn’  Soda crystals  ‘Sal ammoniac’  Antacid  ‘Salmiac’  Buffer for zinc analysis (Compexation) SODIUM HYDROXIDE NaOH  ‘Caustic soda’ STRONG AMMONIA SOLUTION NH3  ‘Soda’  ‘Stronger Ammonia Water’  ‘Lye’  ‘Spirit of Hartshorn’  Saponifying agent (Soap making)  Contains 27-31% Ammonia  Used primary in making Ammonia water SODIUM HYPOCHLORITE NaClO  Ingredient of Aromatic spirit of Ammonia  ‘Dakin’s solution’  ‘Chlorox’  Disinfectant COPPER  Bleaching agent  Only reddish-colored metal  3rd most malleable SODIUM THIOSULFATE Na2S2O3  3rd best conductor of electricity  ‘Photographer’s hypo’  Salt are blue in color  Together with sodium nitrate  Occurs in the respiratory pigment  Antidote to Cyanide poisoning hemocyanin and cytochrome oxidase SODIUM TARTRATE NaC4H406  Protein precipitant  Used in the standardization of Karl Fischer  Enhances absorption of Fe reagent JOSE, L.J.A 1  PHARMACY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM: MODULE 1 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY THE ALLOYS OF COPPER Treatment for 2% irrigate sinus BRONZE Cu + Sn + Zn vaginitis 50% female BRASS Cu + Zn genital tract GUN METAL Cu + Sn antiseptic STERLING Cu + Ag DEVARDA’S ALLOY Cu + Zn + Al GOLD WILSON’S DISEASE  King of all metals  Copper toxicity  Most malleable  S/S:  Most ductile 1. Hepatic serosis  Best conductor of electricity 2. Jaundice  Soluble only in Aqua Regia and Selenic 3. Bloationg acid 4. Kidney defects AQUA REGIA 5. Brain damage 6. Demyelination 1 HNO3 : 3 HCl  Antidote: Penicillamine (Cuprimine) Nitric acid + Hydrochloric acid COPPER SULFATE (PENTAHYDRATE) CuSO4 GOLD COMPOUNDS  ‘Blue Vitriol’ GOLD  ‘Blue Stone’ AUROTHOIOGLUCOSE SODIUM AURANOFIN  Ingredient in THIOMALATE 1. Fehling’s solution IM IM PO 2. Benedict’s solution BN: Solganal BN: BN: Miochrysine RidAURA 3. Barfoed’s reagent Rheumatoid arthritis Rheumatoid Main S/E: 4. Bordeux mixture Gout arthritis Glossitis  Antidote for Phosphorous poisoning: Gout 1. Copper sulfate SLE 2. Calcium oxide 3. Water MAGNESIUM SILVER  2ndmost abundant intracellular cation  Has oligodynamic action  Metal present in chlorophyll  Can inhibit microorganisms in small  Component of Grignard reagent concentration  Therapeutic uses:  Insoluble compounds: Gastric ARGYRIA antacids  Silver toxicity  SO4 compound: Anticonvulsant  DOC:  Conc. SO4: Topical anti- 1. NSS Normal Saline Solution inflammatory 2. Sodium Thiosulfate NaC4H4O6  Stearate: Lubricant 3. Potassium Ferricyanide Fe(CN)6 MAGNESIUM OXIDE MgO SILVER PROTEINATES  ‘Calcinated magnesia’ STRONG MILD AG COLLOIDAL AG  ‘Magnesia’ AG  ‘Light magnesia’ Arygol Protargol Collargol  Component of the universal antidote: 19-25% 7.8-8.5% 18-22% 1. Magnesium oxide MgO Antiseptic for Potent Mild antiseptic eyes germicide 2. Activated charcoal for ears, 3. Tannic acid throat, and bladder JOSE, L.J.A 2  PHARMACY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM: MODULE 1 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY MAGNESIUM SULFATE MgSO4 MINAMATA DISEASE  ‘Epsom salt’  Mercury toxicity  PO: Laxative  Antidote:  IM: Anticonvulsant 1. Sodium formalde sulfoxylate  Antidote: Barium and Barbiturate toxicity (SFS) 2. BAL CALCIUM 3. Penicillamine (Cuprimine)  2nd most abundant extracellular cation  Cation of hydrocyapatite BORON  Vitamin D is needed for its absorption  Toxicity: ‘Boiled Lobster Appearance’  Natural sources: 1. Dolomite ALUMINUM 2. Fluorite  ‘Ladd’s paste’ 3. Gypsum (Selenite or Calcium  3rd most abundant in all elements sulfate)  Most abundant in all metals 4. Phosphate rock  Toxicity: Shaver’s Disease CALCIUM SULFATE CaSO4  Source: Cryolite  ‘Plaster of Paris’  Uses:  ‘Gypsum’ 1. Antiperspirant, deodorant  Diluent in manufacture of compressed 2. Gastric antacid tablets used to manufacture dental  S/E: Constipation impressions and surgical casts 3. Antiseptic ALUM ZINC  ‘Alumina’  Metal present in Insulin  Treatment of Silicosis  Deficiency: Parakeratosis  Two types: Ammonium and Potassium  Toxicity: Metal Fume Fever  Antidote: Sodium Bicarbonate THALLIUM  Toxicity: Green Tongue and Alopecia CADMIUM CARBON ITAI-ITAI DISEASE  Two forms  Cadmium toxicity  Crystalline: Diamond, Graphite  Antidote: BAL  Amorphous CADMIUM CHLORIDE CdCl CARBON DIOXIDE CO2  Treatment of Tinea infections  210 times affinity to haemoglobin  Death is due to asphyxia CADMIUM SULFIDE CdS  Treatment:  Yellow sulphide  100% oxygen  Anti-seborrheic  Oxygen-helium mixture;  ‘Capsebon’ Hyperbaric oxygen CADMIUM SULFATE CdSO4  Opthalmic antiseptic SILICON  Toxicity: Silicosis MERCURY  Antidote: inhalation of Aluminum oxide Al2O3  ‘Hydragyrum’ dust  ‘Quicksilver’  ‘Liquid Silver’  Natural source: Cinnabar  Present in thermometer and amalgams JOSE, L.J.A 3  PHARMACY ASSESSMENT PROGRAM: MODULE 1 INORGANIC CHEMISTRY TIN NITROGEN  Used in manufacture of cans and utensils  ‘without life’  Germicidal effect against Staphylococci  ‘azote’  Treatment for acne; furunculosis  ‘mephitic air’  Colorless, odourless, tasteless, INERT GAS ALLOYS OF TIN  Most abundant gas in air (71%) PEWTER 80% Cu + 20% Sn  Most stable among the diatomic GUN METAL 90% Cu + 10% Sn molecules ROSE METAL 50% Bi+ 25% Pb + 25% Sn SOLDER 50% Pb + 50% Sn NITROUS OXIDE NO2  ‘Laughing gas’  Stored in blue container STANNOUS FLOURIDE SnF2  General anesthetic  Component of crest toothpaste  S/E: hypoxia  Anticariogenic 8% solution: must be freshly prepared because it can easily oxidized OXYGEN  ‘dephlogisticated air’ LEAD  Greek word: ‘acid-former’  Toxicity: ‘Plumbism’ THREE ALLOTROPES  Accumulates easily in GIT and broken skin Nascent  Antidote: Molecular 1. BAL Ozone 2. EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid) FIVE OFFICIAL GASES 3. Succimet Nitrogen Helium BISMUTH Oxygen Carbon dioxide  ‘Beautiful meadow’ Nitrous oxide  Used in silvering mirror  Pharmacologic use: 1. Astringent 2. Mucoprotectant (PUD) SELENIUM 3. Antiseptic  Antioxidant  Synergistic with Vitamin E TANTALUM  Important trace element  Used in sheet form for surgical bone SELENIUM SULFIDE SeS2 repair  ‘Selsun blue’  Does not affect the tissues  Uses: 1. Antidandruff TITANIUM 2. Antiseborrheic TITANIUM OXIDE TiO2  Opacifying agent in capsules  Used in contact lenses  Solar ray protective in sunblock and suntan lotion JOSE, L.J.A 4