Grundlagen der Wirtschaftsinformatik PDF

GRUNDLAGEN DER WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK Informationssysteme und Nachhaltigkeit Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel Wintersemester 1 2024/25 Themen...

GRUNDLAGEN DER WIRTSCHAFTSINFORMATIK Informationssysteme und Nachhaltigkeit Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel Wintersemester 1 2024/25 Themen Informationssysteme Datenmanagement und Nachhaltigkeit Informationssysteme Internet der Dinge und Digitalisierung Geschäftsprozess- Künstliche Intelligenz management Informationssysteme Systementwicklung und Organisationen Enterprise Systems & Informationssysteme Business Intelligence und Ethik Digitale Infrastruktur Digitale und Plattformen Geschäftsmodelle Informations- Metaverse management Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 2 2024/25 Heute Nachhaltigkeit Green IT Green IS Green BPM Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 3 2024/25 How Much is Much? Chicken 6kg of CO2 per kg Beef 36kg of CO2 per kg Cheese 13.4kg of CO2 per kg Flying 101g of CO2 per mile Personal Vehicles 300g of CO2 per mile Source: Source: https://skoot.eco/articles/carbon-footprint-of-everyday-things-part-iii RCraig09, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons Data source for June 2021 version(s): Historical GHG Emissions / Global Historical Emissions. ClimateWatchData.org. Climate Watch (2021). See https://commons.wikimedia.org/wiki/File:20210626_Variwide_chart_of_greenh ouse_gas_emissions_per_capita_by_country.svg Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 4 2024/25 Greenhouse Gas Emissions Source: RCraig09, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons Source: James H. Butler and Stephen K. Montzka, Public domain, via Wikimedia Data source: Commons https://ourworldindata.org/grapher/co-emissions- per-capita?tab=chart Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 5 2024/25 Human Welfare and Ecological Footprints Compared “The Human Development Index (HDI) is a summary measure of average achievement in key dimensions of human development: a long and healthy life, being knowledgeable and having a decent standard of living. The HDI is the geometric mean of normalized indices for each of the three dimensions.” Source: https://hdr.undp.org/data- center/human-development- index#/indicies/HDI Source: John D. Croft, Public domain, via Wikimedia Commons Redrawn from by the author from the publicly available State of the Environment Report 2007, produced by the Western Australian Government. Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 6 2024/25 Below or Beyond Global Average? Source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commo ns/d/d0/Are_consumption- based_CO%E2%82%82_per_capita_emissio ns_above_or_below_the_global_average.%2 C_OWID.svg Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 7 2024/25 A Related Problem: Deforestation Source: Ibama from Brasil, CC BY 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 8 2024/25 Annual Deforestation Source: Hannah Ritchie and Max Roser, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 9 2024/25  Water Pollution Source: Oxygen depletion, resulting from nitrogen pollution and eutrophication, is a common cause of fish kills. United States Fish and Wildlife Service., Public Source: domain, via Wikimedia Commons Cls14, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons Source: Ritchie, Roser, Mispy, Ortiz-Ospina. "Measuring progress towards the Sustainable Development Goals." SDG-Tracker.org, website (2018)., CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 10 2024/25 Waste Source: Kounosu, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons Source: Kaza, Silpa; Yao, Lisa C.; Bhada-Tata, Perinaz; Van Woerden, Frank., CC BY 3.0 IGO , via Wikimedia Commons Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 11 2024/25  Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 12 2024/25 The Triple Bottom Line Ecological Sustainability John Elkington JP Renaut, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 13 2024/25 “A sustainable development is one that “meets the needs of the present without compromising the ability of future generations to meet their own needs.“ Eine nachhaltige Entwicklung befriedigt die Bedürfnisse der Gegenwart, ohne die Fähigkeit künftiger Generationen zu gefährden, ihre eigenen Bedürfnisse zu befriedigen. Source: World Commission on Environment and Development, 1987. Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 14 2024/25 Conceptual Impact Model of Environmental Sustainability: Categories Bounded but Interactive Umwelt Gesellschaft Staat Industrien und Allianzen Organisationen Individuen und Gruppen in Organisationen Elliot, S. (2011). Transdisciplinary perspectives on environmental sustainability: a resource base and framework for IT-enabled business transformation. Mis Quarterly, 35(1), 197-236. Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 15 2024/25 Systems Lens: Source – Transformation - Sink Input Prozess Output (Source) (Transformation) (Sink) Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 16 2024/25 Erinnerung: Sozio-technische Systeme Struktur Technologie Mensch Aufgabe Soziales System Technologisches System Bostrom, R. P., & Heinen, J. S. (1977). MIS problems and failures: A socio-technical perspective, Part 1: The causes. MIS Quarterly, 1(1), 17–32. Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 17 2024/25 Weshalb starten Organisationen Nachhaltigkeitsinitiativen? Regulatorischer Druck Normativer Green Transformation Druck Based on Butler, T. (2011). Compliance with institutional Kulturell-kognitiver imperatives on environmental sustainability: Building theory on the role of Green IS. The Journal of Strategic Druck Information Systems, 20(1), 6-26. Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 18 2024/25 The Environmental Challenge “The environmental burden is a function of population, wealth, and technology and controlling the first two factors is extremely challenging.“ Die Umweltbelastung hängt ab von Bevölkerung, Wohlstand und Technologie, und die Kontrolle der ersten beiden Faktoren ist äußerst schwierig. “Technology is both a cause of the environmental burden and also a potential solution.” Technologie ist sowohl eine Ursache der Umweltbelastung als auch eine potenzielle Lösung. Watson, R. T., Boudreau, M.-C., Chen, A. J., & Huber, M. (2007). Green IS: Building sustainable business practices. In R. T. Watson (Ed.), Information systems (pp. 290-303). Global Text Project. (p. 290) Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 19 2024/25 Wind Power Mögliche Lösung für Nachhaltigkeit Energieverbrauch, Materialien werden für den Bau von Windturbinen benötigt Watson, R. T., Boudreau, M.-C., Chen, A. J., & Huber, M. (2007). Green IS: Building sustainable business practices. In R. T. Watson (Ed.), Information systems (pp. 290-303). Global Text Project. Source: 林 慕尧 / Chris Lim from East Coast (东海岸), Singapore (新加坡), CC BY-SA 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 20 2024/25 Information Technology Giftiger Abfall, Energieverbrauch Grundlage für nachhaltige Geschäftspraktiken Watson, R. T., Boudreau, M.-C., Chen, A. J., & Huber, M. (2007). Green IS: Building sustainable business practices. In R. T. Watson (Ed.), Information systems (pp. 290-303). Global Text Project. Source: IMarcoHerrera, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 21 2024/25 Green IT Green IT konzentriert sich hauptsächlich auf Energieeffizienz und Gerätenutzung. Es befasst sich mit Themen wie Entwicklung energieeffizienter Chips und Festplatten; Ersetzen von PCs durch energieeffiziente Clients; Einsatz von Virtualisierungssoftware zur Ausführung mehrerer Betriebssysteme auf einem Server; Reduzierung des Energieverbrauchs von Rechenzentren; Nutzung erneuerbarer Energiequellen zur Stromversorgung von Rechenzentren; und Reduzierung von Elektroschrott aus veralteten Computergeräten. Watson, R. T., Boudreau, M.-C., Chen, A. J., & Huber, M. (2007). Green IS: Building sustainable business practices. In R. T. Watson (Ed.), Information systems (pp. 290-303). Global Text Project. (p. 291) Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 22 2024/25 Green IT: Hardware and Software Green IT Infrastructure/ Software hardware (digital (physical materiality) materiality) Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 23 2024/25 Green IT Practices Green Green use of IT manufacturing of systems IT systems Green IT Green design of Green disposal of IT systems IT systems Murugesan, S. (2008). Harnessing green IT: Principles and practices. IT Professional, 10(1), 24-33. (p. 27) Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 24 2024/25 Remember… IT managerial, methodological, The IT artifact Usage Impact and technological capabilities 25 IT managerial, methodological, and operational practices Benbasat, I., & Zmud, R. W. (2003). The identity crisis within the IS discipline: Defining and communicating the discipline's core properties. MIS Quarterly, 183-194. (p. 187) Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 25 2024/25 Reduce Electronic Waste From Computer Equipment Electronic Waste at Agbogbloshie, Ghana Source: Muntaka Chasant, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons Disassembling electronic wate in Bengaluru, India Source: Victorgrigas, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 26 2024/25 Modularity Verringert die Komplexität Ermöglicht es Designern, gleichzeitig an mehreren Modulen zu arbeiten Was innerhalb eines Moduls passiert, ist unabhängig davon, was in anderen Modulen passiert Jedes Modul hat seine eigene Funktionalität Es existieren standardisierte Schnittstellen zwischen den Modulen Simon, H. A. (1962). The architecture of complexity. Proceedings of the American Philosophical Society, 106(6), 467–482. Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 27 2024/25 Layered Modular Architecture Trennung von Gerät (Device) und Service: Contents Layer Neu-Programmierbarkeit Trennung von Netzwerken und Inhalten (Contents): Homogenisierung von Daten Service Layer Designentscheidungen, die eine Ebene betreffen, können unabhängig von Network Layer Designentscheidungen in anderen Ebenen Logical Transmission getroffen werden Physical Transport Grundlage für kombinatorische Innovation und Generativität Device Layer Logical Capability Physical Machinery Yoo, Y., Henfridsson, O., & Lyytinen, K. (2010). Research commentary— the new organizing logic of digital innovation: an agenda for information systems research. Information Systems Research, 21(4), 724-735. Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 28 2024/25 Desktop Computer Source: Ruben de Rijcke, CC BY-SA 3.0 , via Wikimedia Commons Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 29 2024/25 Laptop Computer Source: Billie Grace Ward from New York, USA, CC BY 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 30 2024/25 Smartphone Source: Ed6767, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 31 2024/25 Fairphone “Fairphone is a Dutch electronics manufacturer that designs and produces smartphones. It aims to lower environmental footprint through minimizing the use of conflict minerals in its devices, maintaining fair labor conditions for its workforce and suppliers, and allowing users to maintain their own devices.” “The phone is modular, which makes it easily repairable and customisable by the user. According to the company, increasing the Source: Kaihsu Tai, CC BY-SA 4.0 , via Wikimedia Commons emissions by 30%” Wikipedia contributors. (2023, October 26). Fairphone. In Wikipedia, The Free Encyclopedia. Retrieved 16:21, October 26, 2023, from https://en.wikipedia.org/w/index.php?title=Fairphone&oldid=1181958346 Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 32 2024/25 Fairphone – Which SDGs are Potentially Addressed? Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 33 2024/25 A Green Computer’s Entire Lifecycle Green design Use reprocessed Green material manufacturing of computers Reuse parts Recycle, Redeploy, Refurbish, reprocess reuse upgrade materials Use computers Dispose judiciously Donate Murugesan, S. (2008). Harnessing green IT: Principles and practices. IT Professional, 10(1), 24-33. Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 34 2024/25 Reduce Energy Consumption of Desktop Computers Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 35 2024/25 Green IS Green IS bezeichnet die Gestaltung und Implementierung von Informationssystemen, die zu nachhaltigen Geschäftsprozessen beitragen. Green IS hilft Organisationen dabei Reduzierung der Logistikkosten durch Flotten-, Liefer- oder Fahrzeugrouting-Managementsysteme; die virtuelle Zusammenarbeit zwischen verteilten Teams erleichtern und so die Auswirkungen von Reisen reduzieren; Unterstützung der Remote-Arbeit durch Systeme, die eine virtuelle Zusammenarbeit ermöglichen; Überwachung und Analyse von Umweltinformationen (wie Toxizität, verbrauchte Energie, Kohlenstoffemissionen usw.); und Bereitstellung von Informationen für Endnutzer und Verbraucher, um die Entscheidungsfindung unter Berücksichtigung „grüner“ Entscheidungen zu erleichtern. Watson, R. T., Boudreau, M.-C., Chen, A. J., & Huber, M. (2007). Green IS: Building sustainable business practices. In R. T. Watson (Ed.), Information systems (pp. 290-303). Global Text Project. (p. 291) Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 36 2024/25 “A trip to the grocery store entails a multitude of decisions. Many of us are drawn to discount prices; claims of health benefits; bright, sexy packaging — and, recently, environmental considerations. But the decisions don’t end with the products themselves. Those of us striving to be green want to make sure we’re using the most eco-friendly carrier. Thus, the question: paper, plastic or reusable cloth bags?” Source: Raysonho @ Open Grid Scheduler / Grid Engine, CC0, via Wikimedia Commons Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 37 2024/25 What Bag? Source: Own Image Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 38 2024/25 Reputation The plastic bag has a bad reputation. According to the United States Environmental Protection Agency, Americans go through hundreds of billions of these each year. The result has been called a “modern menace,” with stray bags gathering in the streets, the ocean and landfills, where they endanger wildlife and never biodegrade. They can be recycled but usually aren’t. Paper bags are biodegradable and easy to recycle or compost. But producing them in quantity requires a lot of water, fuel and cut-down trees. And they usually aren’t made from recycled material, because new paper has longer, stronger fibers. Cloth bags are typically made from cotton, a particularly pesticide-intensive and water-guzzling crop. Reusable bags made from nonwoven polypropylene plastic are also common, and they’re actually less carbon-intensive to produce. Reputation aside, single-use plastic bags have the smallest carbon footprint, at least in terms of single-bag production. But that’s only the beginning. How we use and dispose of bags matters even more.” Source: https://stanfordmag.org/contents/paper-plastic-or- reusable; accessed 2023-11-09 Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 39 2024/25 Sensemaking and Sustainable Practicing Einordnen, Interpretieren und Verstehen der vielschichtigen und komplexen Probleme im Sensemaking Zusammenhang mit der ökologischen Nachhaltigkeitstransformation Based on Seidel, S., Recker, J., & Vom Brocke, J. (2013). Sensemaking and sustainable practicing: functional affordances of information systems in green transformations. MIS Quarterly, 1275-1299.... sensemaking is a launch pad for action... Weick, K. E., Sutcliffe, K. M., & Obstfeld, D. (2005). Organizing and Sustainable Practicing the process of sensemaking. Organization Acience, 16(4), 409-421. Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 40 2024/25 Verringerung des Papierverbrauches Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 41 2024/25 Smart Home Source: mikemacmarketing, CC BY 2.0 , via Wikimedia Commons Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 42 2024/25 Use of Virtualization Software Virtualization allows for server consolidation Based on reallocation of virtual serves among physical servers Increasing utilization of physical servers Bermejo, B., & Juiz, C. (2022). Performance and energy consumption tradeoff Reduction of switched-on physical servers in server consolidation. BenchCouncil Transactions on Benchmarks, Standards and Evaluations, 2(2), 100060. VM VM VM VM VM VM VM Virtual Machine Virtual Machine Virtual Machine Manager Manager Manager Physical server A Physical server B Physical server C Bermejo, B., Juiz, C., & Guerrero, C. (2019). Virtualization and consolidation: a systematic Consolidated review of the past 10 years of research on energy and performance. The Journal of server Supercomputing, 75(2), 808-836. Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 43 2024/25 Green Business Processes Cost, Time, Quality, Sustainability Input Output Supplier Process Customer Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 44 2024/25  Nicht erneuerbare Inputs eines Geschäftsprozesses Source sollten minimiert werden. Prozesse müssen im Hinblick auf ihre Umwelteffizienz und nicht auf ihre Durchsätze optimiert werden; Ein Transformation höheres Maß an Umwelteffizienz verringert sowohl den Input als auch den Output eines bestimmten Prozesses. Emissionen, die aus einem Geschäftsprozess Sink resultieren und die Aufnahmekapazität der Umgebung, in der er ausgeführt wird, überschreiten, sollten minimiert werden. Based on Goodland, R. (1995). The concept of environmental sustainability. Annual review of ecology and systematics, 26(1), 1-24. Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 45 2024/25  Source Transformation ? Sink Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 46 2024/25 Green Business Process Management Source: extended from Reijers, H. A. and S. L. Mansar (2005). Best practices in business process redesign: an overview and qualitative evaluation of successful redesign heuristics. Omega, 33(4), 283-306. Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 47 2024/25 Prozesse modellieren, analysieren und verstehen Construct Notation Specification Fuel This notation is attached to an activity that produces CO2 by consuming using fuel as main source. Examples include business travels, activity transportation, and others. Paper This notation is attached to an activity that produces CO2 by consuming using paper. Examples include creating paper invoice, filing activity paper report, and others. GHG emission These notation constructs can be assigned to each pool or indicators swim lane to indicate the level of GHG (mainly CO2) emission in the relevant (part of the) process. Color coding can be used to display the overall level of GHG emission in the process. Else, the precise amount of GHG emission produced can be specified. GHG flow The GHG flow construct is used to show the flow of GHG in a process and to connect emission producing activities to the GHG emission indicators. Source: Recker, J., Rosemann, M., Hjalmarsson, A., & Lind, M. (2012). Modeling and analyzing the carbon footprint of business processes. In Green business process management: Towards the sustainable enterprise (pp. 93-109). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 48 2024/25  Source: Recker, J., Rosemann, M., Hjalmarsson, A., & Lind, M. (2012). Modeling and analyzing the carbon footprint of business processes. In Green business process management: Towards the sustainable enterprise (pp. 93-109). Berlin, Heidelberg: Grundlagen der Wirtschaftsinformatik | Wintersemester 2023/2024 | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel Springer Berlin Heidelberg. 49 Case Study—The Taxi Process To And From The Airport Northern European airport National environmental regulations require to limit direct and indirect CO2 emissions of the airport Direct emissions: Created by airport operations Indirect emissions: Created by moving people and goods to and from the airport 17 million passengers per year 2.2 million taxi trips Source: Matti Blume, MB-one, CC BY-SA 2.0 DE , via Wikimedia Commons Recker, J., Rosemann, M., Hjalmarsson, A., & Lind, M. (2012). Modeling and analyzing the carbon footprint of business processes. In Green business process management: Towards the sustainable enterprise (pp. 93-109). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 50 2024/25 Case Study—The Taxi Process To And From The Airport Eco-taxis introduced in 2005 Separate queue for eco-taxis to promote eco-friendly transportation Increase from 1% in 2005 to >80% in 2010 Algorithmic dispatch system introduced in 2010 to prioritize taxis based on emission levels The more eco-friendly, the more points, the higher priority Additional points for passengers for waiting time (avoiding empty trips) Taxis must be registered in the system By July 2011 only eco-taxis are allowed to operate from the airport Recker, J., Rosemann, M., Hjalmarsson, A., & Lind, M. (2012). Modeling and analyzing the carbon footprint of business processes. In Green business process management: Towards the sustainable enterprise (pp. 93-109). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 51 2024/25 Identify The Product or Service Process to be Considered Supported through process modeling activities Analysts can use extended (or regular) BPMN models Recker, J., Rosemann, M., Hjalmarsson, A., & Lind, M. (2012). Modeling and analyzing the carbon footprint of business processes. In Green business process management: Towards the sustainable enterprise (pp. 93-109). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 52 2024/25 Determine All Resources And Processes Semi-formal graphical models of business processes can consider Tasks to be performed Actors involved Resources involved in execution of tasks Relevant data and data sources Business rule logic Resources Tasks (Recker et al., 2012) Recker, J., Rosemann, M., Hjalmarsson, A., & Lind, M. (2012). Modeling and analyzing the carbon footprint of business processes. In Green business process management: Towards the sustainable enterprise (pp. 93-109). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 53 2024/25  Emission Drivers Emissions drivers are activities causing GHG emissions to accumulate Regular BPMN models detail tasks (activities), involved resources (swim lanes and pools) Emission Driver? Extended BPMN models can also identify and document emission drivers Data collection, e.g.: ? Consumed electricity Consumed paper Consumed fuel Recker, J., Rosemann, M., Hjalmarsson, A., & Lind, M. (2012). Modeling and analyzing (Recker et al., 2012) the carbon footprint of business processes. In Green business process management: Towards the sustainable enterprise (pp. 93-109). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 54 2024/25  Calculate Overall CO2 Emissions Summing up all CO2 emissions across activities and scope levels Prepares the ground for eco-aware process re-design (Recker et al., 2012) Recker, J., Rosemann, M., Hjalmarsson, A., & Lind, M. (2012). Modeling and analyzing the carbon footprint of business processes. In Green business process management: Towards the sustainable enterprise (pp. 93-109). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 55 2024/25 Case Study—The Taxi Process To And From The Airport Step 1: Identification of important activities (through process modeling) 29 activities Step 2: Identification of involved actors and resources (through process modeling) Two actors (taxi company, passenger) Resources (different types of vehicles) Step 3: Identification of emission drivers, characterized by types of used engines Petrol: 206 g/km (non-eco taxi) Eco-diesel: 120 g/km (eco taxi) Biogas: 77 g/km (eco taxi) Ethanol: 81 g/km (eco taxi) Hybrid Taxi Source: Arthur Hu, Public domain, Hybrid: 104 g/km (eco taxi) via Wikimedia Commons Step 4: Calculation of CO2 emissions for two different types of taxis (and sub-types) Step 5: Calculation of overall CO2 emissions Recker, J., Rosemann, M., Hjalmarsson, A., & Lind, M. (2012). Modeling and analyzing the carbon footprint of business processes. In Green business process management: Towards the sustainable enterprise (pp. 93-109). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 56 2024/25 Example Type of Taxi Trip Description Number of CO2 CO2 emission trips per year emission per year (kg) per trip (kg, rounded) Non-Eco Taxi Trips 31 % of all taxi trips from 357,219 8.858 3,164,245.90 from Airport the airport are non-eco taxi Non-Eco Taxi Trips 35 % of all taxi trips to 348,095 8.858 3,083,425.51 to Airport the airport are non-eco taxi Eco Taxi 69% of all taxi trips from Trips the airport are eco taxi from Airport Eco- 0,6% 5,130 5.160 26,471.33 Diesel Ethanol 21,1% 166,961 3.483 581,526.35 Biogas 55,3% 438,157 3.311 1,450,737.59 Hybrid 23% 182,352 4.472 815,476.48 Eco Taxi 65% of all taxi trips to Trips to the airport are eco taxi Airport Eco- 0,6% 4,262 5.160 21,992.55 Diesel Ethanol 21,1% 138,713 3.483 483,136.44 Biogas 55,3% 364,024 3.311 1,205,283.63 Hybrid 23% 151,499 4.472 677,503.97 Total emission per 11,509,799.75 year (kg) from the taxi process Recker, J., Rosemann, M., Hjalmarsson, A., & Lind, M. (2012). Modeling and analyzing the carbon footprint of business processes. In Green business process management: Towards the sustainable enterprise (pp. 93-109). Berlin, Heidelberg: Springer Berlin Heidelberg. Wintersemester Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel 57 2024/25 KONTAKT Cologne Institute for Information Systems (CIIS) Professorship for Information Systems (www.is4.uni-koeln.de) Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel [email protected] Cologne Institute for IS | Prof. Dr. Stefan Seidel Wintersemester 58 2024/25