Information Processing PowerPoint PDF

TOPIC: INFORMATION PROCESSING Specific objectives: 1.Define information processing; 2.List the steps involved in information processing 3.Explain each step 4.State the ways organizing information. To develop understanding of information processing, we sta...

TOPIC: INFORMATION PROCESSING Specific objectives: 1.Define information processing; 2.List the steps involved in information processing 3.Explain each step 4.State the ways organizing information. To develop understanding of information processing, we start by defining these three related concepts. A collection of text, numbers and symbols with no DATA meaning. Data therefore has to be processed, or provided with a context, before it can have become s meaning INFORMATI Data + Meaning = ON Information becomes acquiring and Information + KNOWLED remembering a set of application or use = GE facts, the use of Knowledge information to solve  Looking at the examples given for data:  3, 6, 9, 12  cat, dog, gerbil, rabbit, cockatoo  161.2, 175.3, 166.4, 164.7, 169.3 Only when we assign a context or meaning does the data become information. It all becomes meaningful when we are told:  3, 6, 9 and 12 are the first four answers in the 3 x table  cat, dog, gerbil, rabbit, cockatoo is a list of household pets  161.2, 175.3, 166.4, 164.7, 169.3 are the heights of the five tallest 15-year-old students in a class. If we now apply this information to gain further knowledge we could say that:  4, 8, 12 and 16 are the first four answers in the 4 x table (because the 3 x table starts at three and goes up in threes the 4 x table must start at four and go up in fours)  The tallest student is 175.3cm.  A lion is not a household pet as it is not in the list and it lives in Information processing refers to the manipulation of digitized information by computers and other digital electronic equipment to produce understandable result. OR Information processing include all the activities that must be carried out in order to turn a set of correlated facts and figures into meaningful information for effective decision making and control.  For information processing to be carried out, there is need for an INFORMATION SYSTEM. What is an Information System ? Information system is an integrated set of components for collecting, storing and processing data and provides information needed to complete a task mponent of an information system a)Hardware b)Software c)Data d)Procedures e)People f) Communication/connectivity  Procedure for information processing Processing of information involves subjecting the data to a number of processing operations. They are; 1.Collation or collection of information 2.Organization of information 3.Analysis or processing of information 4.Interpretation of information Collation or collection of information This is the process of gathering of unprocessed information (data) from different sources and recording it onto some media e.g. paper. Collection of data / information can be internally i.e. within an organization and externally i.e. outside the This process Involves organization.  Data capture: this is compiling records of activities. Example, recording data from an event, staff record, teachers’ grade book etc.  Data verification: this is the process of vetting or checking /validating the data to be sure that it was captured and recorded correctly. Organization of Information This is the way information can be arranged, sorted etc. for easy analysis. Data can be organized in various ways; Ways of organizing information i. Category organization: information is organized based on common feature/similarity. Example like age, sex, size, range, state, country, class, students ‘scores in a particular subject, grade etc. i. Time: information is organized when time based sequence is important to that information. It follows a particular order (step-by-step) of occurrence. ii.Location: organization of information based on geographical context. (Maps, travel guides). iii.Alphabet: information is organized in an alphabetical sequence. iv.Continuum: this is based on the magnitude of the information. Comparing things across a common measure. E.g. first to last, big to small, best to worst nalysis of information This is the detailed study of data with the goal of highlighting useful information and supporting decision making. Information can be analyzed by using computer or by manual methods. Operations that are required during information analysis include: this is the arithmetic and / logical  Calculating: manipulation of data. Class average, highest score etc.  Summarizing: this is the act of reducing the information to be more precise. E.g. number of students that scored above 75 in English language etc.  Storage: placing information onto some storage media like compact disk, flash rive etc. erpretation of information This is the process of drawing inference or conclusion from a piece of information. In other word, it is critical examination of the result of information analysis with aim of applying the information to suite one’s specific purpose. For example, after examining the summary of students’ performance, prizes may be awarded to the best three candidates.