Standard Six Term II Volume 3 Science Social Science PDF

## Government of Tamil Nadu ### Standard Six #### Term - II #### Volume - 3 ##### Science ##### Social Science A publication under Free Textbook Programme of Government of Tamil Nadu Department Of School Education Untouchability is Inhuman and a Crime ## Unit 1: Economics - An Introduction The l...

## Government of Tamil Nadu ### Standard Six #### Term - II #### Volume - 3 ##### Science ##### Social Science A publication under Free Textbook Programme of Government of Tamil Nadu Department Of School Education Untouchability is Inhuman and a Crime ## Unit 1: Economics - An Introduction The laughter of children echoed throughout the children's park of that apartment. Some slided down joyfully down the slide and some went up and down in the see saw, shouting cheerfully. Others were swinging so high and fast, in the swings as if they were about to reach the sky. Some children were waiting near the swings to play next. Kavin did not join with any of these children. He sat alone in a corner, staring somewhere. His uncle Mohan noticed Kavin and came near him. "Kavin, are you going to play with your friends?" asked his uncle as he sat next to Kavin. "Uncle, everyone teases me, calling me a villager," said Kavin, with tears rolling down his eyes. "Even our Vimalan laughs along with them. I came here for the holidays with so much of excitement. Now, I regret my presence here. I want to go back to our village, uncle," sobbed Kavin. "Is it so? Where is Vimalan?" asked his uncle and started to search for his son in the crowd. "Vimalan," called him in loud voice. On hearing his father's voice, Vimalan enquired, "Did you call me, dad?" and came near him. "Did everyone tease Kavin?" asked Mohan. Vimalan didn't utter a word. He stood quietly. "Even though I live in this big city, I also hail from the same village. My roots are still there" said his father worriedly Then he added, "Go and bring your friends. I have to tell something to you." Saying this, he sat near Kavin. When Vimalan brought his friends, his father made them all sit down together. Mohan asked the children, "Let me come to the point directly. Do you know from where do we get all the food?" "The rice and pulses we eat? We buy them from shops", said Anandhan "Tell me, where do the shopkeepers get these things from?" "I guess they would buy them from another shop". "I think they would buy them from those who grow crops, uncle", said Inba. "Correct! We call those people who raise crops as farmers. Farming is the main occupation in villages". The children looked at each other in surprise. "The farmers grow various crops like pulses, grains, vegetables etc., and send them to the shops in cities. We buy and consume them". "Uncle, I have a doubt", said Kavin. "Tel me, Kavin" "In villages, I have seen people selling all kinds of things in a place. Why do they call it 'Sandhai', instead of shops?" "Yes, Kavin, In villages, once in a week or month, all things are sold in a particular place at a specific time to meet the needs of the people. That is called 'Sandhai'. "Do you all know from where do they bring these things to Sandhai?" "We don't know, uncle", said the children. "I told you already that the things which are produced in villages are brought to sandhai". "Fine, Kavin. Do you know what activities are carried out in a sandhai?" "Buying and selling", said Kavin. "Very good Kavin. Apart from going to the sandhai with your mother, you have also noticed what's happening around you." ### Consumer Goods The finished goods which are bought from the market to fulfill the daily needs of the consumers is called consumer goods. Example: rice, clothes, bicycles, etc. Hearing this, Kavin smiled. All the children said in unison, "Without knowing the importance of villages, we teasted Kavin. Forgive us, uncle, we won't hurt anyone hereafter. We wish to know more about this". ## Activity 1 - Plan for a model Sandhai. - Ask the students to bring vegetables and fruits to the classroom. [One student - one vegetable/fruit] - Ask them to display like Sandhai and stick the prices of the vegetables. - Other class students can buy the vegetables. - Through this activity, the students can get an experience of the value of goods, buying, selling and a knowledge of profit, loss, demand and supply. - Probably the Sandhai should be profitable. The students learn to fix the selling price through which they can earn profit. "Sure, I will tell you", said Mohan "Small traders and other people buy things from sandhai," explained Mohan. "Do you know in olden days we had a system of exchanging goods for other goods, called barter system. For example, exchange a bag of rice for enough clothes". "A person who has rice in surplus and a person who has cloth in surplus, will exchange on the basis of their needs. But, here the problem is that the person who has clothes should have the willingness to buy rice. Only then, the exchange through barter system will take place"., "When they exchange commodities, they may lead to certain problems, when comparing the differences in the value of commodity. To solve this problem, people invented a tool called money". "Really. Is it so" exclaimed the children. "You know that early man, who hunted and gathered food, later learnt to cultivate crops. When they found rivers which provided them water, settled down permanently near the rivers. These permanent settlements were called villages. Agriculture remains to be the root of our economy even today. Man has no limits for his demand and desire. Based on this, man started to learn new occupations. Those who are involved in farming and grazing are called farmers or cultivators". ## Primary Activities They are concerned with the production of raw materials for food stuff and industrial use. Primary activities include - Agriculture - Cattle rearing - Fishing - Mining - Collection of fruits, nuts, honey, rubber, resin, medicinal herbs and lumbering. "Is agriculture the primary occupation?" "Yes, there are certain other primary activities like farming. "Agriculture and industries are helpful in the economic development of our country. Our country's economy is based on three economic activities". ## Activity 2 Sing/Playthesong ஒன்றிலிருந்து இருபது வரைக்கும் கொண்டாட்டம் ..... .... Interpret the lyric of the song / what is the logic behind the song. ## Activity 3 Fill up the given table: | SI.No | Countries | Currency | Symbol | |---|---|---|---| | 1 | Germany | | | | 2 | Brazil | | | | 3 | India | | | | 4 | Argentina | | | | 5 | China | | | These called permanently near the rivers. These permanent settlements were called villages. Agriculture remains to be the root of our economy even today. Man has no limits for his demand and desire. Based on this, man started to learn new occupations. Those who are involved in farming and grazing are called farmers or cultivators". ## Primary Activities They are concerned with the production of raw materials for food stuff and industrial use. Primary activities include - Agriculture - Cattle rearing - Fishing - Mining - Collection of fruits, nuts, honey, rubber, resin, medicinal herbs and lumbering. "Is agriculture the primary occupation?" "Yes, there are certain other primary activities like farming. "Agriculture and industries are helpful in the economic development of our country. Our country's economy is based on three economic activities".