Independent Food Study Objectives PDF

Objectives Unit 1: Food Safety 1.​ Cross Contamination ​ Do not wash meat ​ How to thaw meat: fridge overnight, microwave defrost, in cold water if changed every 30 mins Direct: when raw foods are exposed to pathogens or other raw foods Ex: sneezing on food Cross contamination: whe...

Objectives Unit 1: Food Safety 1.​ Cross Contamination ​ Do not wash meat ​ How to thaw meat: fridge overnight, microwave defrost, in cold water if changed every 30 mins Direct: when raw foods are exposed to pathogens or other raw foods Ex: sneezing on food Cross contamination: when harmful microorganisms are spread to a food through an intermediate object (ex: sneezing on food then touching food without washing) 2.​ Danger Zone Danger zone is 5-60 degrees celsius and it is the zone where bacteria that causes food-borne illness multiplies most readily. Side note: fridges should be kept at 4 degrees celsius. 3.​ Superbugs Superbugs: bacteria that becomes drug/antibiotic resistant Ex: salmonella, listeria, e.coli ​ Food producers use antibiotics and give it to animals like chickens, cows, turkeys, pigs and farmed fish everyday. ​ Farmers use antibiotics to prevent loss of product, illness from spreading to other animals, make chickens grow faster= cheap meat ​ Overuse of antibiotics causes super bacteria 4.​ Wild rice, wild rice wars by James Whetung Whetung has been seeding and harvesting wild rice on the lake, which he says is his treaty right and part of reviving Indigenous culture. However, cottage owners complain that the wildrice interferes with recreational activities like boating and disrupts the shorelines, leading to tensions over the use of the lake. Decline of wild rice was due to Trent-severn waterway- rising water levels swallowed up the plant which relies on shallow water to subsist. Important foods of Haudenosaunee Anishinaabe people have become more reliant on Western diets which are higher in processed foods, sugars and unhealthy fats. Contributed to higher rates of diabetes. 5.​ Important foods of Haudenosaunee + 3 sisters ​ 3 Sisters made of: corn, beans and squash ​ Beans, wild berries, nuts,maple syrup Significance of corn: ​ Dried to make soup ​ Ground into flour to make mush ​ Boiled to make bread ​ Unleavened corn bread was baked under hot ashes with dried fruit and deer meat added ​ Adapted corn from mexicans through trade and migration 6.​ Migrant workers Realities: ​ Low wages ​ Poor living conditions ​ All types of abuses ​ Limited access to healthcare ​ Substandard housing ​ Work hours cut and denied essential protection under labour laws ​ Illegal recruitment fees ​ No PPE ​ Employers confiscate documents How do labour laws in Canada not protect them? Workers are tied to a single employer through closed work permits, difficult to leave without risk of deportation. 7.​ Climate change and food connection / Carbon Footprint and the food connection - 5 ways ​ Water use and pollution- agriculture consumes 70% of global freshwater. Harmful to arid regions, Runoff from fertilizers and pesticides pollutes bodies of water. ​ GHG emissions: food production, livestock digestion ​ Land use- about half the world’s habitable land is dedicated to agriculture- disrupts ecosystems  ​ Biodiversity loss/ deforestation ​ Meat production 8.​ Before the Flood - documentary about climate change Causes of climate change ​ Fossil fuels ​ Ocean destruction ​ Mass industrial activities ​ Not using renewable energy sources like solar ​ Human activity through oil prod, mine extract, forest fires, land use, feed, cows producing methane, destruction of ocean, etc. 9.​ Food Security - 5 factors that influence (jigsaw) 2024-Food Security ppt -intro Poverty ​ Food instability, ability to have reliable, sufficient quantities of affordable nutritious foods Gender ​ Women tend to be more undernourished and food insecure, putting others needs before own ​ May have gotten kicked out, unstable home and food banks are unsupportive of this Black ​ Black people are food insecure due to low income and lack of education, retire later as than white parents Indigenous ​ Less opportunities for education ​ Cultural assimilation and exploitation ​ Long transport distances and delays results in perishables being poor quality and expensive ​ Combined with high costs and limited availability of nutritious market foods, they must resort to cheap processed food which has led to serious health problems Climate change ​ drought= crops will not grow well ​ flooding= ruins crops  ​ heatwaves= reduces crop yields ​ Colder countries may have more growing season but it also adds heat and pest pressures ​ Global demand for meat= more fertilizer use ​ Loss of biodiversity= increased CO2 reduces nutritional content of our food 10.​Environmental issues and food presentations -​ Single use plastics -​ Single use water bottles -​ Eating local foods / seasonal foods -​ Composting -​ Reducing food waste -​ Pesticides in agriculture -​ Livestock raising and land use -​ Bees disappearing -​ CO2 and food -​ Methane and food 11.​ Eat Well Plate / Canada food guide https://tdsb.elearningontario.ca/d2l/le/lessons/25618260/topics/222672252 ​ Limit sugary and caffeinated drinks ​ Make water your drink of choice Takeaway: make half your plate fruits and vegetables 12.​EWP - food behaviours - 5 things ​ Be mindful of eating habits ​ Cook more often ​ Enjoy your food ​ Eat meals with others ​ Use food labels ​ Limit highly processed foods ​ Marketing can influence your food choices 13.​EWP - benefits of new guide and the criticisms /its shortcomings ​ Dairy changed into category with protein  ​ Previously, dairy farmers, meat corporations were involved so it was very market driven ​ Sugar and fried foods was not mentioned in the previous guide because lobby groups- pepsi and frito lay were there ​ LOBBY GROUP: represents interests of another ​ Criticisms: you are what you eat, cultural foods 14.​Plant based proteins - why does Health Canada recommend them? Can provide more fibre and less saturated fat than other types of protein foods. This can be beneficial for your heart health. 15.​Whole grains - why recommended? Whole grains provide fiber, vitamins, minerals and other nutrients. Whole-grain foods help control of cholesterol levels, weight and blood pressure. These foods also help lower the risk of diabetes, heart disease and other conditions. 16.​Why was the role of milk changed? Too much dairy in your diet is bad for you and there were a lot of dairy farmers pushing towards it so it was not the best choice. 17.​ Macronutrients & Micronutrients 2024-Introduction to Nutrients-draft 2 (1).pdf Macronutrients: Carbohydrates: ​ in large quantities, main source of energy ​ Simple: Crush and burn effect, breaks down quickly, quick source of energy ○​ Ex: candy, soda, chocolate, white rice, milk and fruits ​ Complex: Breaks down slowly, provides body with a long burning source of energy ○​ Ex: whole grain pastas, breads, rice, starchy veggies ​ Fiber ​ Eat more complex than simple because has fiber- slows digestion of food and slow release of sugar ○​ Fibers: part of carb fam and is essential- need 25-38g a day, surveys show most only get 14g.  ​ Promotes healthy digestion, regulates blood sugar, helps with elimination of body waste ​ Prevents diseases like bowel and colon cancer, elevated cholesterol, etc. ​ Eat more plant and whole wheat ​ Different fats, trans fats, cholesterol Fats ​ Insulate our bodies, protect our organs, essential for brain health, transport fat soluble vitamins ADEK ​ Brain likes fats that come from fish, nuts, seeds, avocados ​ Saturated aka bad= meat and dairy, solid at room temp ​ Unsaturated= healthy, veg oils, nuts and fish, liquid at room temp, Two types of unsaturated fats are monounsaturated and polyunsaturated. ​ Omega 3 fats have lots of health benefits! Heart, brain, joint Omega 3 sources: fish, chia seeds, walnuts, soy products, leafy greens, eggs Cholesterol: prod by liver, vital for body function, excess leads to HD Trans fats are very bad and banned Proteins: 20+ building blocks called amino acids, 11 are non-essential meaning 9 need to be consumed ​ DOES NOT make extra muscle or grow hair faster or protect against diseases ​ People that eat very high protein diets have a higher risk of kidney stones ​ Leads to HD and colon cancer (meat) but plants do not carry same risk 18.​Phytonutrients ​ Produced by plants ​ Increases immune system response ​ Decreases risk of developing certain cancers, diabetes, hypertension ​ Prevents DNA damage and helps with DNA repair ​ Act in 3 ways: antioxidants, nutrient protectors or prevent carcinogens from forming ​ Lots of fruits and veggies and NO meat and dairy 19.​ Nutrients of concern Vitamin D ​ Sunshine vitamin because it is produced when the sun interacts with our skin ​ Helps body absorb calcium, strength, muscle function, improves balance ​ Milk, margarine, mushrooms  ​ Supplements recommended because hard to get it naturally in Canada Calcium ​ Maintain life, deficiency=fragile bones Iron ​ Helps maintain healthy blood ​ Major component of hemoglobin a type of protein in RBCs that carries oxygen from your lungs to all parts of the body ​ Important for healthy brain development, growth and function of various cells and hormones ​ Children, women who menstruate and are pregnant, and people receiving kidney dialysis ​ Oysters, beef, chicken liver Beans, nuts, lentils, spinach Sodium ​ Sodium makes the body hold onto water which puts extra pressure on blood vessels. The blood vessels become stretched by this pressure. They react by becoming thicker and increasing bp. Risk of High bp/ hypertension. 20.​Microbiome= healthy bacteria in intestine ​ Omega 3, probiotics and prebiotics are good for it ​ Eat more fibre, rainbow, foods rich in polyphenols, fermented, omega 3, avoid processed foods ​ Decreased rates of anxiety and deression ​ Vitamin d is good to lower depression 21.​Fed Up - film ​ Food desert= underserved areas with not much food around, if not healthy food within 1l,/ 15 mins of walking ​ Solutions: stop false claims/ marketing strategies, increased education 22.​Food Inc 2 - film In the first chapter, a new story to tell, they discuss migrant farm workers rights and the impact of no government intervention to implement health protections which causes a lot of deaths especially during covid time. There were also actual slaves with no sick leaves. The chapter hidden from view makes up 3 groups: fast-food workers and farmers, pigs, and climate change. h  From the chapter get big or get out, it talks a lot about how one- two companies typically dominate an entire food sector as they bring down companies that are their competition (consolidation). The environmental cost of this was no drinking water where capitalism profits over sustainability. The food technically chapter discusses how meat production is harming the environment. The main driver of the creation of cultured meat and plant-based meats is the fact that producing meat requires large amounts of land, water and feed which resultings in a higher carbon footprint. The chapter from the ground up talks about solutions for these problems which is also what we talked about in BOTH UNIT 2 AND 3. Connecting to obesity, Cory Booker says that calling health related issues due to food a “moral failure” is a big fat lie and consumers should not feel like they are at fault when the food system is designed to be addictive. Connection to Unit 3: Nutrition and Health Senator Cory Booker said that diabetes rates double for African Americans due to more processed foods available in the market. Low income families are eating fast foods because it is cheaper. It also talks about how food marketing is leading to rising obesity rates. Ultra-processed foods. Discusses calories, and how artificial sweetener does more harm than good. Food is available everywhere, even clothing stores. Food companies produce 4000 calories per person, when the actual needed amount is 2000 calories. The NIH research on ultra-processed foods showed that after one diet having 80% ultra-processed foods and the other having 0%, people ate 500 calories more when they were on the 80% one. A Yale psychology researcher found that equally sweet drinks with different calories were given to people and their reward response was watched. Solutions: ​ Solar powered stock cropper ​ Brazil’s meal program that gives healthy food ​ Ocean farming ​ Fishing ​ Warning labels as done by brazil ​ Fresh produce straight from farms in cafeterias for kids ​ Governments subsidizing healthy and not unhealth calories