Hospitality and Tourism Overview PDF

**CHAPTER 1** **Overview of Hospitality and Tourism** - The tourism industry is a complex and interconnected network of services and products - It is a global industry with a significant impact on different businesses - The industry spans a variety of offerings, catering to specifi...

**CHAPTER 1** **Overview of Hospitality and Tourism** - The tourism industry is a complex and interconnected network of services and products - It is a global industry with a significant impact on different businesses - The industry spans a variety of offerings, catering to specific interests and needs **Current Themes in Tourism and Hospitality** The tourism industry is influenced by several current themes, including: Accessibility Inclusivity Co-creation of tourism products Artificial Intelligence Virtual tourism Climate change Big data analytics Social media Sustainability Safety and security Risk assessment Code of conduct for responsible and ethical travellers Privacy due to big data analytics Special Interest tourism Authentic experiences Experiential travel Child protection Gender sensitivity Drug trafficking Animal rights **Tourism Forecast to 2030** - The World Travel and Tourism Council predicts that the global tourism industry will generate \$8.3 trillion by 2017. - The United Nations World Tourism Organization projects 1.8 billion international tourist arrivals by 2030, with emerging destinations in Asia, Latin America and the Middle East seeing the most growth - In the Philippines, tourism's direct contribution to GDP is expected to increase 5.7% per year to reach PHP 2,547.8 billion by 2028 **Interdisciplinary nature of tourism** - Tourism is a multidisciplinary field combining elements of social sciences, business, and humanities. - It involves the study of history, anthropology, sociology, economics, psychology, philosophy, religion, literature, languages, linguistics, history, and arts. - The industry requires strong business management skills, encompassing planning, organizing, leading, controlling, and evaluating. - Tourism encompasses elements of marketing, finance, accounting, statistics, operations, business policy, and law. **Key elements of tourism include:** Travel Leisure Recreation Travel - Travel encompasses regular movement of people for various reasons, including work, school, tourism, immigration, business, medical procedures, military, and conventions. Leisure - Leisure refers to discretionary time used for relaxation, visiting friends and relatives, shopping, and exploring different cultures and traditions. Recreation - Recreation refers to activities undertaken during leisure time, both at home and outside, including reading, watching television, sports, theater, cinema, and tourism. **Motivations for Travel** The three main motivations for travel are: Leisure Business A mix of business and pleasure **Global Organizations in Tourism** UNWTO -- The United Nations World Tourism Organization is responsible for promoting sustainable and accessible tourism, advocating for tourism as a driver of economic growth, and providing leadership and support to the sector. WTTC -- The World Travel and Tourism Council represents the travel and tourism private sector. It prioritizes travel facilitation, crisis management, recovery, and sustainable growth. PATA -- The Pacific Asia Travel Association promotes and facilitates intra-regional travel within Southeast Asia and the Pacific Region. IH&RA -- The International Hotel and Restaurant Association represents the hospitality industry globally, defending its interests, and addressing industry issues. APEC Tourism Working Group (TWG) -- Established in 1991, the APEC Tourism Working Group facilitates information sharing, exchange of views, and cooperation in tourism trade and policies among APEC economies. UNESCO -- Contributes to peace, poverty eradication, sustainable development, and inter-cultural dialogue through education, science, culture, communication, and information. **World Heritage Sites in the Philippines -- The Philippines boasts six UNESCO World Heritage Sites:** Baroque Churches (San Agustin Church, Paoay Church, Santa Maria Church) Historic Town of Vigan Rice Terraces of the Cordilleras Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary **CHAPTER 2** **Tourism Act of 2009** - Former president Gloria Macapagal Arroyo signed the Tourism Act of 2009 (Republic Act 9593) - Established tourism as a vital engine for national development, driving investment, employment, and economic growth - Emphasized the reorganization of the Department of Tourism (DOT) and its attached agencies for effective policy implementation - Introduced the Tourism Development Fund and the creation of specialized tourism zones **Department of Tourism (DOT) Attached Agencies** Tourism Infrastructure and Enterprise Zone Authority (TIEZA): Formerly the Philippine Tourism Authority, responsible for designating, regulating, and supervising Tourism Economic Zones and overseeing tourism infrastructure projects. Tourism Promotions Board (TPB): Formerly the Philippine Convention and Visitors Corporation (PCVC), responsible for marketing and promoting the Philippines domestically and internationally as a major tourism destination. Duty Free Philippines Corporation (DFPC): Formerly Duty Free Philippines, operates duty and tax-free merchandising systems in the Philippines, generating revenue and foreign exchange. Intramuros Administration (IA): Focuses on the restoration and development of Intramuros, preserving the historic Spanish period. National Parks Development Committee (NPDC): Develops and maintains parks, promoting recreation and cultural education. Philippine Commission on Sports Scuba Diving (PCSSD): Regulates scuba sports and technical diving in the Philippines, ensuring safety standards and promoting the sport. Nayong Pilipino Foundation (NPF): Conducts research in social sciences and humanities, promoting tourism, and establishing parks and recreation centers. Philippine Retirement Authority (PRA): Attracts foreign nationals and Filipino citizens to retire in the Philippines, bolstering the economy through foreign currency reserves and providing a quality living experience. **Purpose of Visit (2024 Data)** - The majority of inbound travelers visited the Philippines for holiday/pleasure (71.95%). - Visiting friends and relatives accounted for 9.80% of arrivals. - Business trips represented 7.29% of total arrivals. - Other purposes included education, conventions, health reasons, official missions, and incentives, comprising smaller percentages. **Manila Declaration on Tourism (1980)** - Signed during the World Tourism Conference in 1980 - Highlighted tourism's role in promoting peace and socio-economic development, especially in developing countries - Recognized tourism as a driver of job creation, income generation, education, healthcare, and infrastructure development - Marked the start of global tourism activity. **Importance of Tourism** Tourism is crucial for national development, impacting cultural, economic, and educational sectors. The right to travel and tourism is essential for individual well-being. Sustainable tourism development requires minimizing negative impacts. Tourism fosters international trade and shared economies, contributing to global development. Domestic tourism promotes national awareness and economic growth. Tourism contributes to social stability and community capacity building. Tourism drives development and enhances community standards of living. Tourism promotes intercultural understanding and respect. Tourism development should consider elderly and handicapped individuals. Tourism fosters global cooperation, solidarity, and mutual understanding. Tourism necessitates the preservation of historical, cultural, and religious sites. International cooperation in the field of tourism is essential for sustainable growth. **Manila Declaration on the Social Impact of Tourism (1997)** Adopted in Manila in 1997, leading to the global Code of Ethics for Tourism. Emphasizes community involvement in tourism planning, implementation, and evaluation. Highlights the benefits of tourism development for communities. Aims to improve standards of living and increase rural incomes. Focuses on preserving the heritage and integrity of tourist destinations while respecting cultural norms. Encourages the development of marketing tools for tourism destinations. Recognizes the importance of human resource development in tourism and promotes long-term employment support programs. Emphasizes international coordination in addressing negative tourism impacts. Mobilizes support to prevent and control tourism-related abuse and exploitation. Encourages governments to enforce legal frameworks that promote sustainable tourism. **History of Tourism in the Philippines** - The Philippines emerged as a tourism hub after Philippine Airlines became the first Asian airline to cross the Pacific in 1946. - The Philippine Tourist and Travel Association was established in 1950 to promote tourism. - The Philippine Congress established the Board of Travel and Tourist Industry in 1956. - Tourism flourished in the Philippines from the 1970s to the early 1980s. - President Marcos established the Department of Tourism (DOT) in 1973, recognizing the economic potential of tourism. - The construction of the Philippine International Convention Center (PICC) in 1976 was a significant accomplishment, positioning the Philippines as a prominent convention destination. - By 1982, Manila became a top convention city in Asia. - The Cultural Center of the Philippines (CCP) was established in 1969 and continues to host various cultural and artistic events. - The Philippine Convention Bureau was renamed the Philippine Convention and Visitors Corporation (PCVC) in 1986. - In 2016, the Philippines incorporated MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conferences, and Exhibitions) and events tourism to its portfolio, aligning with the ASEAN Tourism Strategic Plan 2025, positioning the country as a preferred event destination. **Notable Events Hosted by the Philippines** ASEAN Tourism Summit 2018 Global Farm Tourism 2018 Miss Universe 2017 ASEAN Tourism Forum 2016 NBA Global Games 2013 **\ ** **CHAPTER 3** **Tourism Industry Sectors** - Tourists are the foundation of the tourism and hospitality industry. - The industry comprises various sectors: accommodations, attractions, food and beverage services, gaming and entertainment, MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions), special events, travel trade, and tourism support services. **Tourism Stakeholders** - Stakeholders are individuals, organizations, or communities that have an interest in the success of the tourism industry. - Key stakeholders include tourists, employees, owners, property owners, government, civic society groups, NGOs, communities, suppliers, academic institutions, international organizations, indigenous groups, media, competitors, intermediaries, clients, and customers. **Tourist Motivations** - Tourists travel for various reasons, including relaxation, meeting friends and family, and experiencing different cultures. - According to the UNWTO, international tourist arrivals are projected to increase by an average of 43 million per year between 2010 and 2030. **Tourism Environment** - The natural environment, encompassing climate, weather, and attractions, plays a significant role in attracting tourists. - Natural environments can be classified into geophysical-landscape aesthetic (mountains, rivers, volcanoes) and ecological-biological (organisms and ecological processes, like the wildebeest migration in Serengeti). - The built environment includes cultural-historical elements (artifacts, archaeological finds, churches, ancestral homes) and recreational facilities (museums, arenas, spas). **Accommodations** - Accommodations provide facilities for rest and relaxation, including hotels, resorts, villas, pension houses, and motels. - Bhatia (2006) categorizes accommodations into two main segments: hotels and similar establishments (resorts, motels, inns) and supplementary accommodations (campgrounds, bed and breakfasts, hostels, resorts, condominiums, timeshare, and villas). **Attractions** - Attractions are the primary reason for visiting a destination and drive tourist influx. - They are categorized into natural and man-made attractions. - Man-made attractions are further divided into structures built for tourism and those originally built for other purposes. - Examples include man-made buildings and structures designed for tourism, man-made buildings and structures not originally built for tourism, natural environments, and special events. **Food and Beverage Services** - Food and beverage services provide food and drinks to guests. - Examples include restaurants, food stands, kiosks, food carts, cafeterias, canteens, bars, pubs, bakeshops, bakeries, specialty restaurants, vending machines. **Gaming and Entertainment** - Gaming and entertainment refers to casinos and integrated resorts (IRs). - IRs are mixed-use properties that provide facilities for gaming, conventions, accommodations, shopping, and entertainment. - MICE (Meetings, Incentives, Conventions, and Exhibitions) - MICE is also known as business tourism or the meetings industry. - The UNWTO states that the meeting industry provides significant economic benefits, including higher spending levels, reduced seasonality, destination regeneration, knowledge dissemination, innovation, and creativity. - MICE is a popular strategy for attracting business visitors who typically spend more than tourists. **Special Events** - Special events encompass social, religious, cultural, and historical festivities, such as festivals, parades, competitions, commemorations, tributes, religious celebrations, and traditional holidays. - Social events like parties, weddings, debuts, fashion shows, sports tournaments, and banquets are also considered special events. - Bowdin et al. (2006) coined the term "special events" to describe planned rituals, presentations, performances, or celebrations marking special occasions or achieving social, cultural, or corporate goals. **Transportation** - The transportation sector facilitates travel using a combination of land, water, air, and rail transportation. - The efficiency of the transportation sector and the availability of infrastructure encourage travel. **Travel Trade** - Travel trade consists of intermediaries, including travel agents, tour operators, consolidators, and wholesalers. - These intermediaries connect tourists with the best travel deals and tour packages. - The internet's impact on online search, travel reservations, and bookings has increased consumer interest in tourism products and activities. **Tourism Support Services** - Tourism support services are provided by the Department of Tourism, other government agencies, private organizations, the education sector, and civic action groups. **Processes and Systems** - All key divisions of any organization are present in tourism-related enterprises, including marketing, administration, finance, accounting, and sales. **Information and Communications** - Technologies (ICTs) empower stakeholders to focus on critical transactions while automating repeatable and redundant processes. - Buhalis (2003) defines ICT as hardware, software, human resources, and the capacity to develop, program, and maintain equipment and applications for operational and strategic management, including information management, communication, and stakeholder interaction. - Houghton (2015) categorizes ICTs by purpose, including file sharing and collaboration, mobile applications, digital documentation and archiving, online access, data collection, analysis, and evaluation.