Oral Pathology DHF521 2023-2024 Fall Term Final Questions PDF

ORAL PATHOLOGY-DHF521 2023-2024 FALL TERM FINAL 1- Which type of adaptation indicates that the epithelial cells in the airways of a person lose their normal structure and become cancerous as a result of long-term smoking habit? A. Metaplazia B. Hypertrophy C. Hypoplasia D. Dysplasia E. Anaplasia...

ORAL PATHOLOGY-DHF521 2023-2024 FALL TERM FINAL 1- Which type of adaptation indicates that the epithelial cells in the airways of a person lose their normal structure and become cancerous as a result of long-term smoking habit? A. Metaplazia B. Hypertrophy C. Hypoplasia D. Dysplasia E. Anaplasia 2. When a person is exposed to gingivitis for a long time, gums retract and tissues become thinner. This is an example of which of the following types of adaptation? A. Atrophy B. Hyperplazi C. Hypertrophy D. Metaplasia E. Dysplasia 3- Which of the following found in the exudative component of inflammation? A. Proteins B. Cytokines C. Leukocytes D. Lipids E. All of the above 4. Which term describes the migration of neutrophils from the circulatory system into the interstitial matrix in inflammation? A. Chemotaxy B. Transmigration C. Adhesion D. Margination E Chemotrophy 5-Which of the following is one of the tissue characteristics examined in the detection of neoplasia? A. Growth B. Differentiation C. Function D. Organization E. All of the above 6. What is the name given to the supporting tissue of a tumoral structure consisting of connective tissue and blood vessels? A. Selection B. Neoplasm C. Stroma D. Mesenchyme E. Epithelium 7- what is tumor grading ? A.derirmining the spreading speed of tumor cells B. Determining whether the tumor is benign or malignant C. Determining the level of anaplasia of tumor cells D. Determining the ability of tumor cells to produce hormones E. Determining the metastasis potential of the tumor 8- Which of the following is not a malignant tumor of connective tissue origin? A.liposarcoma B. Fibrosarcoma C.Angiosarcoma D. Osteosarcoma E. Chondrosarcoma 9. What is anaplasia ? A Maintains the normal ordre of cells B. regulate cells immune response C. Increasing the ability of cells to divide D. Cells start the process of apoptosis E. Cells lose their abnormal order 10- Which of the following conditions represents a pigmented lesion in the oral cavity where melanocytes are increased? A Candediasis B. Lichen planus C. Erythroplaki D. Oval melanotic macule E. Fibroma 11. Which of the following is a painless, benign lesion that usually develops secondary to syphilis? A. Squamous papilloma B Verrucouscinoma C. Condyloma latum D. Verusform kantons E. Veruca vulgaris 12- In a patient, distinct papillomas were observed on the posterior muscle of the tongue and the histopathological tests showed that the patient has papillomavirus infection(HPV). This is a symptom/sign of which of the following pathological condition? A. Lichen plans B. Glossitis C. Leukoplakia D. Heck's disease (Heck papillomatonia) E. Squamoun cell carcinoma 13- Which of the following features are the main differences between aclanssa and benign pigment lesions? Ain both cases, they ally their aur on their wat 11 Melanoma usually has integular color and pattern, while nevus has regular pattern and texture, wh In both cases, there is usually leg raising training... D Melanoma usually has smooth surfaces, nevuskes sve gorelle Çoktobe E. Both conditions generally cause pain. 14 Which of the following is not one of the bedeter white lesions? A Leukoedema It. Congenital dokeratoz C. Actinic keratosis DWhite sponge and E.parulis 15 Which of the following conditions is characterized by white, slightly kabord, and a germinal lump in the oral smucosa bret? Could it represent a benign lesion? A. Oral lichen plans Hukoplakia C. White spongy nerve D. Heck's disease Entroplaki …………….. 2022-2023 make up : 1. Which of the following biopsy techniques is not used for partial removal of tissue/lesion from the body? a. Endoscopic biopsy b. Excisional biopsy c. Incisional biopsy d. Punch biopsy 2. Which of the following factor(s) plays a role in cellular damage? a.infectious agents b. hypoxia C.physical agents d. All of the above 3. During tissue repair, connective tissue begins to form granulation tissue, which begins with the angiogenesis.Which of the following explains angiogenesis? A.New collagen tissue formation b.New elastic tissue formation c. Fibrotic tissue formation d. Formation of new blood vessels 4.What is it called when the growth rate is excessive and uncontrollable compared to normal tissues, turns into an abnormal tissue mass, and continues to grow excessively even after the stimulus that causes the change has disappeared? a. metaplasia b. neoplasia c. Heterotropy d. atropy 5.Which of the following features is generally used to classify tumors? a. biological behaviors b. Histogenetic features c. Morphological features d. All of the above 6. What is the name given to the type of lesion that appears as hairy-velvety white plaques on the bilateral edges of the tongue, is mostly encountered in immunosuppressed patients, and whose pathology includes hyperkeratosis, acanthosis and balloon cells? a. Hairy leukoplakia b. Nicotine stomatitis c. actinic keratosis d. lichen planus 7.A number of cellular events play a role in the formation of acute inflammation. Especially leukocytes undergo some cellular changes in the area where inflammation occurs. Which of the following explains why leukocytes direct and adhere to the damaged area? a. Margination b. adhesion c. transmigration d. exudate 8.Which of the following defines tissue repair as "forming scar tissue by developing connective tissue (fibrosis)"? a. Chemotaxis b. regeneration c. adhesion d. Organization 9.What is the name given to the structure seen as a result of contraction and shortening of the scar tissue over time during wound healing? a. contracture b. abscess c. nevus d. bulla 10.Which of the following open wounds heals faster? a. Ablation b. incision c. laceration d. hematoma 11.Which of the following is an example of primary healing? a. bed sore b. burns c. infected wound d. Surgical incisions 12.Which of the following is not one of the characteristics of malignant tumors? a. It is invasive b. It metastasizes c. grows fast d. It is differentiated 13.Which of the following is not a benign tumor? a. osteosarcoma b. fibroademon c. lipoma d. adenoma 14. What is the name given to a tumor-like structure formed by an abnormal increase in tissues normally found in a certain place? a. choristoma b. Heterotopia C. Hermartom D. Hypertrophy 15. Which of the following is an example of a tumor of mesenchymal origin? a. papilloma b. cystadenoma c. Leukemia d. seminoma 16. Which of the following cancers metastasizes by direct spread to body cavities and surfaces? a. stomach tumors b. renal cell carcinoma c. Sarcoma d. thyroid tumor 17. Which of the following white lesions has a higher risk of turning into squamous cell carcinoma? a. leukoplakia b. Erythroplakia c. candidiasis d. parulis 18. Which of the following factors increases the risk of squamous cell carcinoma? a. HPV b. EBV c. AIDS d. all of the above 19. Which of the following is not a benign bone tumor? a. Ewing sarcoma b. Osteoid osteoma c. hemangioma d. giant cell tumor 20. Which of the following bone tumors mostly appear as swelling in the anterior part of the molar teeth and can be distinguished by vascular structures and bleeding foci along with icy cells as a differential diagnosis in pathology? a. hemangioma b. osteoma c. Aneurysmal bone cyst d. giant cell tumor 2023-2024 Midterm: 1. Which of the following is an example of metaplasia? a. Shrinkage of tissues due to aging b. Transformation of a bronchial epithelial cell into a squamous epithelial cell c. Excessive growth of muscle cells d. Enlargement of mammary glands due to hormonal stimulation e. Programmed cell death of cells 2. Which type of adaptation is observed in a patient with decreased muscle use due to neuromuscular disease? a. Hyperplasia b. Apoptosis c. Hypertrophy d. Metaplasia e. Atrophy 3. What is pathological calcification? a. Normal mineral accumulation in the body b. Abnormal mineral accumulation due to cellular damage c. Tissue damage caused by infection d. Tissue destruction resulting from an immunological reaction e. Tissue changes during the natural aging process 4. Intracellular accumulations result from the abnormal buildup of molecules in cells. Which of the following is not an example of intracellular accumulation? a. Glucose b. Lipofuscin c. Melanin d. Iron e. Calcium salts 5. What is "scraping", and in which tissue is it typically observed? a. "scraping" is a type of tumor that forms in the lungs. b. "scraping" refers to yellow-brown nodules formed under the skin due to typical deposits. c. "scraping" describes lucent lesions in bones. d. "scraping" refers to inflammation seen in the gastrointestinal mucosa. e. "scraping" represents degeneration of nerve cells in the brain. 6. Which of the following is a physical factor that can damage cells and tissues, causing inflammation? a. UV radiation b. Acids c. Insect venom d. Alkaline solutions e. Chemotherapy 7. Which of the following is not among the causes of inflammation? a. Limiting injury b. Preparing tissue for healing c. Spreading plasma proteins d. Preparing tissue for repair e. Destroying microorganisms in the environment 8. Which of the following shows the correct sequence of events in leukocytes during the acute inflammation phase? a. Degeneration → Exudation → Adhesion → Margination → Transmigration → Chemotaxis b. Margination → Adhesion → Exudation → Transmigration → Chemotaxis → Degeneration c. Margination → Transmigration → Exudation → Margination → Chemotaxis → Degeneration d. Transmigration → Exudation → Margination → Chemotaxis → Degeneration e. Adhesion → Margination → Exudation → Chemotaxis → Degeneration 9. Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic inflammation? a. Fibroblastic proliferation causing scarring b. High vascular congestion c. Polymorphonuclear leukocytes d. Symptoms of an acute process e. Short-term acute inflammation 10. Which of the following is not a symptom of acute inflammation? a. Dysfunction b. Pain c. Swelling d. Vascular stiffness e. Both a and b 11. Which of the following features may be observed in tissue during the acute inflammation process? a. Vasodilation b. Leakage of fluid and proteins into the site of inflammation c. Increased vascular permeability d. Leukocyte adhesion e. All of the above 12. Which of the following is not a factor influencing the outcome of the inflammatory process? a. Number/dose of the harmful agent b. Pathogenicity and strength of the agent c. Ability of the agent to spread through tissues and overcome the fibrin barrier d. Resistance of the agent to phagocytosis e. Sensitivity of the agent 13. Which of the following is an example of a labile (continuously dividing) cell group? a. Liver b. Kidney c. Cervical epithelium d. Vascular endothelium e. Nerve cells 14. Which chemical mediator contributes most to the major signs of acute inflammation: rubor (redness), calor (heat), and tumor (swelling)? a. Histamine b. Bradykinin c. C5a d. Prostaglandins e. NO 15. What is the term for abnormal growth and mass formation resulting from uncontrolled cell division? a. Hyperplasia b. Neoplasia c. Dysplasia d. Atrophy e. Metaplasia 16. What is the process called where damaged tissue or dead cells are replaced by the same type of parenchymal cells? a. Regeneration b. Organization c. Fibrosis d. Scar tissue formation e. Repair 17. Which tissue is involved in connective tissue repair, including fibroblasts, angiogenesis, and scar maturation? a. Fibrotic tissue b. Abscess tissue c. Granulation tissue d. Exudate e. Transudate 18. Which of the following is not a characteristic of benign tumors? a. Encapsulated b. Non-invasive c. Do not metastasize d. Slow-growing e. Poorly differentiated 19. Which of the following is a benign tumor? a. Papilloma b. Mesothelioma c. Seminoma d. Melanoma e. Lymphoma 20. Which of the following definitions is correct for an adenoma? a. Benign tumor arising from glandular epithelium b. Malignant tumor arising from glandular epithelium c. Benign tumor arising from stratified squamous epithelium d. Malignant tumor arising from mesoderm e. Benign tumor arising from connective tissue 21. What is the term for the presence of tissue or an organ in an abnormal location? a. Differentiation b. Heterotopia c. Acanthosis d. Hypertrophy e. Hyperplasia 22. What is the most definitive feature distinguishing benign and malignant tumors? a. Number of mitoses b. Capsule c. Metastasis d. Atypical mitoses e. Necrosis 23. Which of the following is not a mesenchymal-origin tumor? a. Angiosarcoma b. Fibrosarcoma c. Synovial sarcoma d. Basal cell carcinoma e. Fibromyxoid tumor 24. Which of the following is an example of a tumor originating from multiple germ cell layers? a. Teratoma b. Mixed tumor c. Fibroadenoma d. Embryonal carcinoma e. Choriocarcinoma 25. What is the term for tumor-like formations resulting from abnormal mixing of tissues normally present in a certain area? a. Choristoma b. Heterotopia c. Hamartoma d. Hypertrophy e. Hyperplasia midterm third year exam questions in regard with the lecturers we have 1- Which one of the following is NOT a feature of malignant tumor? a. Rapid growth b. Invasive and infiltrative c. Capsule on the external side d. Metastasis 2- Which one of the following features generally used in classification of tumors? a. Biological behaviours b. Histogenetic features c. Morphological features d. All of the above 3- What is called to an abnormal tissue mass whose growth rate is excessive and uncontrollable.c normal tissues and continues to overgrow in the same way even after the stimulus that cause has disappeared? a. metaplasia b. Neoplasia c. Heterotropy d. Atrophy 4- Which of the following is a benign tumor which originates from the epithelium? a. Papilloma b. Fibroma c. Lipoma d Osteoma 6. Which of the following is a malignant tumor with mesenchymal origin? a. Basal cell carcinoma b. Renal cell carcinoma c. Fibrosarcoma d. Wilms tumor 7. There are 2 main components in tumor tissue which help us to understand the behaviour (growth and cell proliferation) of the tumor. Which of the following part generally gives us an information about the growth of the tumor? a. Parenchymal cells. b. Stroma c. Cytoplasm d. All of the above 8- Which of the following is the correct order of an acute inflammation process? I. Emigration of leukocytes from the microcirculation II. Increased permeability of the microvasculature III. Dilatation of small vessels a. III, II, I b. I, II, III c. I, III, II d.III, I, II 9-During repair mechanism process, connective tissue creates a granulation tissue which starts with angiogenesis. Which of the following explains angiogenesis? a. Formation of new collagen tissue b. Formation of new elastic tissue c. Formation of fibrotic tissue d. Formation of new blood vessels 10- Which of the following cellular adaptation mechanism is an example of catabolic synthesis? a. Atrophy b. Heterotrophy c. Hyperplasia d. metaplasia 2024-2025 midterm questions !!!! 1. An example of physiologic hyperplasia is: a) Thickening of the urinary bladder wall due to chronic obstruction c) Proliferation of glandular epithelium of the female breast during pregnancy b) Endometrial hyperplasia due to hormonal imbalance d) Liver regeneration after partial hepatectomy e) Bronchial epithelial changes in chronic smokers 2. Which of the following is NOT a feature of cellular adaptation? a) Reversible changes in cell size b) Transformation into a different cell type c) Alterations in metabolic activity d) Changes in cell number e) Irreversible cell injury 3. Which adaptation is most likely in skeletal muscle cells after prolonged immobilization? a) Hyperplasia b) Hypertrophy c) Atrophy d) Dysplasia e) Metaplasia 4. Which of the following is a primary characteristic of dystrophic calcification? a) It occurs only in living tissues with a normal calcium metabolism b) It is associated with hypercalcemia and affects normal tissues c) It requires the presence of acidic pH for calcification to occur d) It results from the deposition of calcium salts in necrotic tissues e) It is a physiologic process related to bone remodelling 5. Which type of atrophy occurs as a result of reduced blood supply to a tissue or organ? a) Ischemic atrophy b) Disuse atrophy c) Endocrine atrophy d) Denervation atrophy e) Pressure atrophy 6. Which of the following is a hallmark of reversible cellular injury? a) Loss of membrane integrity c) Fragmentation of nuclear chromatin b) Swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria d) Formation of apoptotic bodies e) Irreversible mitochondrial damage 7. What are the physiological functions of apoptosis? a) Promoting the formation of harmful cells in the body b) Inducing excessive growth of cells c) Playing a role in the normal development of organs and tissue homeostasis d) Causing random cell death e) Increasing infectious diseases 8. Which of the following is a major outcome of unresolved acute inflammation? a) Formation of scar tissue b) Restoration of normal tissue architecture c) Complete resolution without any structural damage d) Activation of mast cells e) Inhibition of fibroblast proliferation 9. Which chemical mediator is primarily responsible for vasodilation during acute inflammation? a) Interleukin-1 (IL-1) b) Interferon-gamma (IFN-y) c) Histamine d) Tumour necrosis factor-alpha (TNF-α) e) Platelet-derived growth factor (PDGF) 10. Which of the following is a key characteristic that differentiates exudate from transudate? a) Exudate is low in protein content, while transudate is high in protein content. b) Exudate is typically seen in inflammatory conditions, while transudate occurs due to changes in hydrostatic pressure. c) Exudate forms as a result of osmotic imbalance, while transudate forms due to increased vascular permeability. d) Transudate contains a high number of white blood cells, whereas exudate has very few cells. e) Transudate is associated with bacterial infections, while exudate is associated with viral infections. 11. What is the primary function of prostaglandins in acute inflammation? a) Enhancing phagocytosis by neutrophils b) Stimulating fibroblast activity c) Inducing platelet aggregation d) Mediating pain and vasodilation e) Promoting leukocyte adhesion 12. Which of the following cells are primarily responsible for the formation of granulation tissue during wound healing? a) Neutrophils b) Macrophages c) Keratinocytes d) Endothelial cells e) Fibroblasts 13. What is xanthoma, and in which tissue is it generally observed? a) Xanthoma is a type of tumour that occurs in the lungs b) Xanthoma represents degeneration of nerve cells in the brain c) Xanthoma indicates inflammation seen in the mucosa of the digestive system e) Xanthoma refers to yellow-brown nodules formed under the skin due to lipid accumulation d) Xanthoma describes cystic lesions in the kidneys