Oral Pathology Final Exam 2023-2024
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Questions and Answers

Which type of adaptation does not indicate a structural change in epithelial cells due to chronic exposure to harmful stimuli?

  • Anaplasia
  • Hypertrophy (correct)
  • Metaplasia
  • Hypoplasia

    • What type of adaptation occurs when gums become thinner due to long-term gingivitis?

  • Hypertrophy
  • Atrophy (correct)
  • Dysplasia
  • Metaplasia

    • Which component is typically found in the exudative phase of inflammation?

  • Lipids
  • Nucleic acids
  • Cytokines (correct)
  • Electrolytes

    • What is the phenomenon called when neutrophils migrate from blood vessels into the surrounding tissue?

    <p>Transmigration</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is NOT typically examined in the detection of neoplasia?

    <p>Metastasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What term describes the connective tissue and blood vessel structure that supports a tumor?

    <p>Stroma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which factor does not significantly influence the inflammatory process outcome?

    <p>Sensitivity of the agent</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does tumor grading primarily assess?

    <p>Cellular differentiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which cell group is classified as labile (continuously dividing)?

    <p>Cervical epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a benign growth associated commonly with syphilis?

    <p>Condyloma latum</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What chemical mediator is primarily responsible for the signs of acute inflammation such as redness, heat, and swelling?

    <p>Histamine</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What denotes abnormal growth due to uncontrolled cell division?

    <p>Neoplasia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of tissue aids in the process of connective tissue repair, involving fibroblasts and angiogenesis?

    <p>Granulation tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is not typically associated with benign tumors?

    <p>Poorly differentiated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following defines an adenoma correctly?

    <p>Benign tumor arising from glandular epithelium</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process explains why leukocytes direct and adhere to the damaged area during inflammation?

    <p>Margination</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the presence of an organ at an abnormal location?

    <p>Heterotopia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which term defines tissue repair as forming scar tissue through the development of connective tissue?

    <p>Organization</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the term for the structure formed by contraction and shortening of scar tissue over time during wound healing?

    <p>Contracture</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of open wound typically heals faster?

    <p>Incision</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is an example of primary healing?

    <p>Surgical incisions</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which characteristic is not associated with malignant tumors?

    <p>It is differentiated</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the name given to a tumor-like structure formed by an abnormal increase in tissues normally found in a certain location?

    <p>Hamartoma</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following factors does not increase the risk of squamous cell carcinoma?

    <p>Genetic predisposition</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What type of adaptation occurs in a patient with decreased muscle use due to neuromuscular disease?

    <p>Atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is pathological calcification?

    <p>Abnormal mineral accumulation due to cellular damage</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not an example of intracellular accumulation?

    <p>Glucose</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a physical factor that can damage cells and tissues, causing inflammation?

    <p>UV radiation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not among the causes of inflammation?

    <p>Limiting injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic inflammation?

    <p>Fibroblastic proliferation causing scarring</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following shows the correct sequence of events in leukocytes during acute inflammation?

    <p>Margination → Adhesion → Exudation → Transmigration → Chemotaxis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is not a symptom of acute inflammation?

    <p>Vascular stiffness</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What pathological condition is characterized by the presence of white, slightly elevated lesions in the oral mucosa?

    <p>Leukoplakia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which biopsy technique is primarily used for the complete removal of a tissue lesion?

    <p>Excisional biopsy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What process involves the formation of new blood vessels during tissue repair?

    <p>Angiogenesis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is NOT considered a feature used to classify tumors?

    <p>Immunological response</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is described as having hairy-velvety white plaques on the tongue, often seen in immunosuppressed individuals?

    <p>Hairy leukoplakia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following lesions is unequivocally a precancerous condition?

    <p>Actinic keratosis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following can occur as a result of neoplasia?

    <p>Abnormal tissue mass proliferation</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which condition is not classified under benign white lesions?

    <p>Erythroplakia</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which example describes physiologic hyperplasia?

    <p>Proliferation of glandular epithelium of the female breast during pregnancy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which option is NOT a feature of cellular adaptation?

    <p>Irreversible cell injury</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What adaptation occurs in skeletal muscle cells after prolonged immobilization?

    <p>Atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a primary characteristic of dystrophic calcification?

    <p>It results from the deposition of calcium salts in necrotic tissues</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of atrophy is caused by reduced blood supply to a tissue or organ?

    <p>Ischemic atrophy</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which hallmark is associated with reversible cellular injury?

    <p>Swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What are the physiological functions of apoptosis?

    <p>Playing a role in the normal development of organs and tissue homeostasis</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a major outcome of unresolved acute inflammation?

    <p>Formation of scar tissue</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Study Notes

    Oral Pathology - Fall Term Final 2023-2024

    • Question 1: Epithelial cell adaptation in smokers resulting in cancerous changes is called dysplasia.

    • Question 2: Persistent gingivitis leads to tissue atrophy, a type of adaptive response.

    • Question 3: Exudative inflammation contains proteins, cytokines, leukocytes and lipids.

    • Question 4: Neutrophil migration from the circulatory system to the interstitial matrix is called transmigration.

    • Question 5: Neoplasia detection includes analysis of growth, differentiation, function, and tissue organization.

    • Question 6: Tumoral supporting connective tissue and blood vessels are called stroma.

    • Question 7: Tumor grading determines the level of cellular anaplasia (loss of differentiation) in a tumor.

    • Question 8: Liposarcoma is not a malignant tumor of connective tissue origin.

    • Question 9: Anaplasia is the loss of cellular differentiation and structure.

    • Question 10: Conditions associated with increased melanocytes in the oral cavity include oval melanotic macules.

    • Question 11: Painless, benign lesions that develop due to syphilis include squamous papillomas.

    • Question 12: Papillomavirus infection (HPV) is observed in the posterior muscle of the tongue.

    • Question 13: Melanoma is often distinguished by irregular colors and patterns, versus nevi which have a regular pattern and texture.

    • Question 14: Leukoedema, congenital keratosis and actinic keratosis are examples of benign white lesions, parulis is not.

    • Question 15: Oral lichen planus is characterized by white, slightly raised, and lacy patches on the oral mucosa, and can be a benign lesion.

    • Question 18: HPV, EBV, and AIDS can increase the risk of squamous cell carcinoma.

    • Question 19: Osteoid osteoma, hemangioma, and giant cell tumor are examples of benign bone tumors. Ewing sarcoma is not.

    • Question 20: Aneurysmal bone cyst is a tumour with swelling, vascular structures, and focal bleeding.

    • Question 21: Metaplasia is an example of adaptive change where one cell type replaces another, without tissue loss.

    • Question 22: Atrophy is a decrease in cell size due to diminished function.

    • Question 23 - 25: These questions deal with the classification and characteristics of various tumors (benign/malignant, mesenchymal origin, multiple germ layers, etc.). It is necessary to review the definitions of these items.

    • Question 26: Heterotopia details tissue or organ presence at an abnormal location.

    • Question 27 - 29: These are conceptual and require review of tumor classification.

    • Question 30: Papilloma is a benign tumor arising from the epithelial tissue.

    • Additional questions focused on defining medical terms, processes, and differentiating conditions. Review each for specific characteristics and descriptions.

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    Description

    Test your knowledge on key concepts of Oral Pathology for the Fall Term Final Exam. The quiz covers topics such as dysplasia, inflammation, neoplasia detection, and tumor classification. Prepare to assess your understanding of these essential pathology principles.

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