Oral Pathology Final Exam 2023-2024
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Questions and Answers

Which type of adaptation does not indicate a structural change in epithelial cells due to chronic exposure to harmful stimuli?

  • Anaplasia
  • Hypertrophy (correct)
  • Metaplasia
  • Hypoplasia

What type of adaptation occurs when gums become thinner due to long-term gingivitis?

  • Hypertrophy
  • Atrophy (correct)
  • Dysplasia
  • Metaplasia

Which component is typically found in the exudative phase of inflammation?

  • Lipids
  • Nucleic acids
  • Cytokines (correct)
  • Electrolytes

What is the phenomenon called when neutrophils migrate from blood vessels into the surrounding tissue?

<p>Transmigration (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is NOT typically examined in the detection of neoplasia?

<p>Metastasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What term describes the connective tissue and blood vessel structure that supports a tumor?

<p>Stroma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which factor does not significantly influence the inflammatory process outcome?

<p>Sensitivity of the agent (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What does tumor grading primarily assess?

<p>Cellular differentiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which cell group is classified as labile (continuously dividing)?

<p>Cervical epithelium (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a benign growth associated commonly with syphilis?

<p>Condyloma latum (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What chemical mediator is primarily responsible for the signs of acute inflammation such as redness, heat, and swelling?

<p>Histamine (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What denotes abnormal growth due to uncontrolled cell division?

<p>Neoplasia (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of tissue aids in the process of connective tissue repair, involving fibroblasts and angiogenesis?

<p>Granulation tissue (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is not typically associated with benign tumors?

<p>Poorly differentiated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following defines an adenoma correctly?

<p>Benign tumor arising from glandular epithelium (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process explains why leukocytes direct and adhere to the damaged area during inflammation?

<p>Margination (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the presence of an organ at an abnormal location?

<p>Heterotopia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which term defines tissue repair as forming scar tissue through the development of connective tissue?

<p>Organization (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the term for the structure formed by contraction and shortening of scar tissue over time during wound healing?

<p>Contracture (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of open wound typically heals faster?

<p>Incision (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is an example of primary healing?

<p>Surgical incisions (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which characteristic is not associated with malignant tumors?

<p>It is differentiated (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is the name given to a tumor-like structure formed by an abnormal increase in tissues normally found in a certain location?

<p>Hamartoma (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following factors does not increase the risk of squamous cell carcinoma?

<p>Genetic predisposition (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What type of adaptation occurs in a patient with decreased muscle use due to neuromuscular disease?

<p>Atrophy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is pathological calcification?

<p>Abnormal mineral accumulation due to cellular damage (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not an example of intracellular accumulation?

<p>Glucose (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a physical factor that can damage cells and tissues, causing inflammation?

<p>UV radiation (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not among the causes of inflammation?

<p>Limiting injury (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a characteristic of chronic inflammation?

<p>Fibroblastic proliferation causing scarring (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following shows the correct sequence of events in leukocytes during acute inflammation?

<p>Margination → Adhesion → Exudation → Transmigration → Chemotaxis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is not a symptom of acute inflammation?

<p>Vascular stiffness (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What pathological condition is characterized by the presence of white, slightly elevated lesions in the oral mucosa?

<p>Leukoplakia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which biopsy technique is primarily used for the complete removal of a tissue lesion?

<p>Excisional biopsy (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What process involves the formation of new blood vessels during tissue repair?

<p>Angiogenesis (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is NOT considered a feature used to classify tumors?

<p>Immunological response (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is described as having hairy-velvety white plaques on the tongue, often seen in immunosuppressed individuals?

<p>Hairy leukoplakia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following lesions is unequivocally a precancerous condition?

<p>Actinic keratosis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following can occur as a result of neoplasia?

<p>Abnormal tissue mass proliferation (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which condition is not classified under benign white lesions?

<p>Erythroplakia (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which example describes physiologic hyperplasia?

<p>Proliferation of glandular epithelium of the female breast during pregnancy (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which option is NOT a feature of cellular adaptation?

<p>Irreversible cell injury (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What adaptation occurs in skeletal muscle cells after prolonged immobilization?

<p>Atrophy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What is a primary characteristic of dystrophic calcification?

<p>It results from the deposition of calcium salts in necrotic tissues (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which type of atrophy is caused by reduced blood supply to a tissue or organ?

<p>Ischemic atrophy (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which hallmark is associated with reversible cellular injury?

<p>Swelling of the endoplasmic reticulum and mitochondria (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

What are the physiological functions of apoptosis?

<p>Playing a role in the normal development of organs and tissue homeostasis (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Which of the following is a major outcome of unresolved acute inflammation?

<p>Formation of scar tissue (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

Flashcards

Dysplasia

Loss of normal cell structure and organization, often a precursor to cancer, particularly in response to long-term irritants.

Atrophy

A decrease in the size of cells, tissues, or organs due to loss of function or prolonged lack of stimulation.

Exudative inflammation

Inflammation characterized by fluid, proteins, and cells leaking out of blood vessels into tissues.

Transmigration

The movement of immune cells, like neutrophils, from the bloodstream into tissues during inflammation.

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Neoplasia

The formation of new, abnormal tissue growth, may be cancerous or non-cancerous.

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Tumor Stroma

The supporting tissue of a tumor, composed mainly of connective tissue and blood vessels.

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Tumor Grading

Assessment of the level of anaplasia (abnormality of cells) in a tumor.

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Anaplasia

Loss of cellular differentiation and structure, characteristic of malignant tumors.

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Leukoplakia

A white patch on the oral mucosa that cannot be scraped off, considered precancerous.

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Hairy leukoplakia

White, hairy-like plaques on the sides of the tongue, often seen in people with weakened immune systems.

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Excisional biopsy

A surgical procedure where the entire lesion or tissue is removed for examination.

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Incisional biopsy

A surgical procedure where a small sample of tissue is removed for examination.

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Angiogenesis

The formation of new blood vessels during tissue repair.

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Margination

The process where leukocytes (white blood cells) move towards the edges of blood vessels during inflammation, preparing to exit the bloodstream.

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Adhesion

The process of leukocytes sticking to the walls of blood vessels in the inflamed area, holding them in place before entering tissues.

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Organization

Tissue repair that involves the formation of scar tissue through fibrosis (development of connective tissue).

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Contraction

Shortening of scar tissue over time, which can cause deformities or functional limitations.

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Primary healing

Wound healing that occurs without significant tissue loss, involving minimal inflammation and scarring.

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Malignant tumor

An abnormal, invasive, rapidly growing tissue mass that can spread to other parts of the body (metastasis) and is considered cancerous.

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Benign tumor

An abnormal, slow-growing tissue mass that doesn't spread to other parts of the body and is not cancerous.

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Pathological Calcification

Abnormal mineral accumulation in tissues due to cellular damage, often leading to hardening.

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Intracellular accumulation

Build-up of abnormal molecules inside cells, can be due to metabolic errors or external factors.

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Scraping

A term describing a specific type of degeneration, often associated with tissue damage or cellular stress.

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Physical factors causing inflammation

External forces like UV radiation, chemicals, or mechanical injury that can trigger inflammation.

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Leukocyte sequence in acute inflammation

The order of events as white blood cells move to the site of inflammation: Margination → Adhesion → Transmigration → Chemotaxis → Degeneration.

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Chronic inflammation characteristics

Long-lasting inflammation with features like scarring, fibroblast proliferation, and less intense signs of acute inflammation.

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Acute inflammation symptoms

Immediate signs of inflammation, including swelling, pain, redness, and heat.

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Physiological Hyperplasia

An increase in the number of cells in an organ or tissue due to normal physiological stimuli, like pregnancy or wound healing.

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Cellular Adaptation

Reversible changes cells undergo to cope with environmental stress, including alterations in size, number, and metabolic activity.

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Dystrophic Calcification

The deposition of calcium salts in dead or dying tissues, often in areas of necrosis.

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Ischemic Atrophy

Atrophy resulting from reduced blood supply to a tissue or organ due to poor circulation.

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Reversible Cellular Injury

Cellular damage that can be repaired if the underlying cause is removed, characterized by swelling of organelles and decreased function.

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Apoptosis

Programmed cell death, a normal physiological process that eliminates unwanted or damaged cells.

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Acute Inflammation Outcome

The resolution of acute inflammation can lead to the restoration of normal tissue architecture, formation of scar tissue, or chronic inflammation if the cause persists.

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Increased vascular permeability

Leakage of fluid and proteins from blood vessels into the surrounding tissues, a key feature of inflammation. This allows immune cells and other substances to reach the site of injury.

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Leukocyte adhesion

The process where white blood cells (leukocytes) stick to the inner lining of blood vessels at the site of inflammation. This is a crucial step for immune cells to leave the bloodstream and reach the site of injury.

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What influences inflammation outcome?

The severity and outcome of inflammation depend on factors like the strength and type of the harmful agent, its ability to spread, and the body's resistance to it, including its ability to fight off infection or repair damaged tissue.

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Labile cells

Cells that continuously divide and replace themselves. They are constantly being renewed, making them essential for tissues that are constantly exposed to wear and tear.

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Prostaglandins

Chemical mediators that contribute significantly to the major signs of acute inflammation: redness, heat, and swelling. These signs are caused by increased blood flow and vessel permeability.

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Regeneration

The process where damaged tissue or dead cells are replaced by the same type of cells, restoring the tissue to its original structure and function.

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Granulation tissue

Special tissue involved in connective tissue repair. It contains fibroblasts, blood vessels, and other cells that work together to build new tissue, close wounds, and form scars.

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Study Notes

Oral Pathology - Fall Term Final 2023-2024

  • Question 1: Epithelial cell adaptation in smokers resulting in cancerous changes is called dysplasia.

  • Question 2: Persistent gingivitis leads to tissue atrophy, a type of adaptive response.

  • Question 3: Exudative inflammation contains proteins, cytokines, leukocytes and lipids.

  • Question 4: Neutrophil migration from the circulatory system to the interstitial matrix is called transmigration.

  • Question 5: Neoplasia detection includes analysis of growth, differentiation, function, and tissue organization.

  • Question 6: Tumoral supporting connective tissue and blood vessels are called stroma.

  • Question 7: Tumor grading determines the level of cellular anaplasia (loss of differentiation) in a tumor.

  • Question 8: Liposarcoma is not a malignant tumor of connective tissue origin.

  • Question 9: Anaplasia is the loss of cellular differentiation and structure.

  • Question 10: Conditions associated with increased melanocytes in the oral cavity include oval melanotic macules.

  • Question 11: Painless, benign lesions that develop due to syphilis include squamous papillomas.

  • Question 12: Papillomavirus infection (HPV) is observed in the posterior muscle of the tongue.

  • Question 13: Melanoma is often distinguished by irregular colors and patterns, versus nevi which have a regular pattern and texture.

  • Question 14: Leukoedema, congenital keratosis and actinic keratosis are examples of benign white lesions, parulis is not.

  • Question 15: Oral lichen planus is characterized by white, slightly raised, and lacy patches on the oral mucosa, and can be a benign lesion.

  • Question 18: HPV, EBV, and AIDS can increase the risk of squamous cell carcinoma.

  • Question 19: Osteoid osteoma, hemangioma, and giant cell tumor are examples of benign bone tumors. Ewing sarcoma is not.

  • Question 20: Aneurysmal bone cyst is a tumour with swelling, vascular structures, and focal bleeding.

  • Question 21: Metaplasia is an example of adaptive change where one cell type replaces another, without tissue loss.

  • Question 22: Atrophy is a decrease in cell size due to diminished function.

  • Question 23 - 25: These questions deal with the classification and characteristics of various tumors (benign/malignant, mesenchymal origin, multiple germ layers, etc.). It is necessary to review the definitions of these items.

  • Question 26: Heterotopia details tissue or organ presence at an abnormal location.

  • Question 27 - 29: These are conceptual and require review of tumor classification.

  • Question 30: Papilloma is a benign tumor arising from the epithelial tissue.

  • Additional questions focused on defining medical terms, processes, and differentiating conditions. Review each for specific characteristics and descriptions.

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Oral Pathology DHF521 2023-2024 Fall Term Final Questions PDF

Description

Test your knowledge on key concepts of Oral Pathology for the Fall Term Final Exam. The quiz covers topics such as dysplasia, inflammation, neoplasia detection, and tumor classification. Prepare to assess your understanding of these essential pathology principles.

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