Volcano Hazards PDF

# Chapter 2 - Volcano Hazards ## Lesson 5 - Volcano Hazards ### Volcano Related Hazards: - **Elifall:** - **Pyroclastic How:** - **Ballistic Projectile:** - **Volcanic Gas:** - **Lava Flow:** ### **Lahar** - It is an Indonesian word for lava or lahar flow. - A wet, grey-like mixtu...

# Chapter 2 - Volcano Hazards ## Lesson 5 - Volcano Hazards ### Volcano Related Hazards: - **Elifall:** - **Pyroclastic How:** - **Ballistic Projectile:** - **Volcanic Gas:** - **Lava Flow:** ### **Lahar** - It is an Indonesian word for lava or lahar flow. - A wet, grey-like mixture of volcanic material and water. - When lahar flows, it carries with it fresh volcanic material such as pyroclastic flow and tephra falls (eshalleh). - Highly mobile, transporting to a speed of 10 meters per second. - Which make it impossible to outrun by the people. ### **Lahar Hous:** - A Lahar submerged a house. - With the thickness of volcanic material, it brings as well as toxic chemicals. - It's almost impossible to survive being submerged in a Lahar. - Lahars form near to lava, as they do not come from rain and water. - Lahars can also come from rainfalls, volcanic eruptions, and thunderstorms. - Lahars are made of volcanic material. - Gravity forces lahars to flow downwards, affecting the environment. ### **Ashfall:** - The gray appearance of Lahar can be attributed to the presence of debris from ashfall. - Tephra is an alternate name. - Ashfall refers to fall, however, there are notable differences. - **Ashfall consists of volcanic particles less than 2 mm in diameter.** - **Tephra is volcanic material in general**. - After eruption occurs, particles get thrown up into the air and form columns, which fall because of gravity. - **This can cause health risks and biological hazards.** - The ash is extremely toxic when inhaled and can also cause severe skin disease when particles get into water. - Therefore, it becomes a bigger health risk, as ash can contaminate water and soil.