Physiologic Changes of Pregnancy PDF

# Physiologic changes of pregnancy I ## Iron Deficiency Anemia - With erythropoiesis of pregnancy, iron requirements increase. - Because large amounts of iron may not be available from body stores and may not be in the diet, supplementation is recommended to prevent iron deficiency anemia. - At term...

# Physiologic changes of pregnancy I ## Iron Deficiency Anemia - With erythropoiesis of pregnancy, iron requirements increase. - Because large amounts of iron may not be available from body stores and may not be in the diet, supplementation is recommended to prevent iron deficiency anemia. - At term, Hemoglobin less than 10.0 is usually due to iron deficiency anemia rather than the hemodilution of pregnancy. ## Normal Iron Requirements - Total body iron content average in normal adult females is 2 gm - Iron requirement for normal pregnancy is 1 gm. - 200 mg is excreted - 300 mg is transferred to the fetus - 500 mg is needed for mom - Total volume of RBC increased is 450 ml - 1 ml of RBCs contains 1.1 mg of iron - 450 ml x 1.1 mg/ml = 500 mg - Daily average is 6-7 mg/day. - Small intervals between pregnancies are most concerning. ## Human Placental Lactogen - Alters maternal metabolism. - Diverts glucose to the fetus. - Mobilises free fatty acids from maternal stores ## Relaxin - Released by corpus luteum then the placenta. - Softens pelvic ligaments. - Reduces myometrial tone ## Changes to Body System ### First Trimester - Baby begins to grow - Increased urination - Changes with skin and hair - Thickening waistline - Nausea/fatigue ### Second Trimester - Baby's weight increases - Energy level improves - Heartburn - Leg cramps - Pelvis relaxes causing SI discomfort ### Third Trimester - Baby has more rapid growth and weight gain - Backaches - Swelling of the hands, legs, and feet. - Breathlessness - More frequent urination ## Maternal changes - anatomical and physiological ### Cardiovascular changes - Increase in SV. - Increase in cardiac output. - Increase in HR at given work load. - Increase in blood volume (mostly during latter half of pregnancy) - Uterus may compress large blood vessels reducing venous return - Total Body water ## Definition The changes that take place in the maternal organ system in response to pregnancy, to accommodate the pregnancy and to prepare the woman for labour. ## Organ Systems - Cardiovascular system - Pulmonary system - Genital tract - Urinary system - Endocrine system - Gastrointestinal Tract - Skin ## Changes Are Due To - Alterations in - Hormonal production - Circulation - Metabolism ## Hormones ### Oestrogen - Produced in corpus luteum. - Produced by placenta after 12 weeks. - Responsible for growth particularly of uterus and breasts. ### Progesterone