Industries PDF

# Industries ## What is Industry? The word 'industry' means production of economic goods or services within an economy. ## Name three sectors into which industry is classified? Industries are generally classified into three sectors: - Primary sector - Secondary sector - Tertiary sector ## What...

# Industries ## What is Industry? The word 'industry' means production of economic goods or services within an economy. ## Name three sectors into which industry is classified? Industries are generally classified into three sectors: - Primary sector - Secondary sector - Tertiary sector ## What is tertiary sector? It supports primary and secondary sectors through various services like banking, transport, etc. ## Name the bases on which industries are classified? Industries are classified according to various parameters. Broadly, they are divided into three sections. They are classified on the basis of the raw material they work on, the size of the industry and the ownership. ## Write one special characteristic of the traditional small-scale industry? One sophisticated characteristic of traditional small-scale industries is that they are mostly unable to provide full-time employment to workers. Instead, they provide only subsidiary or part-time employment to laborers and artisans. ## Easy availability of cotton as raw material - It has a humid climate which is ideal for spinning of cotton thread. - Skilled and unskilled labor is available in nearby areas. - Land and farm power are available from nearby areas. - Trading and unskilled labor come from nearby areas. Export facilities are closely available at Kandla port and Mumbai. - Ahmedabad is well connected by road and rail links to other parts of the country. ## Why has Ahmedabad developed as a textile center in Japan? - It has a good humid climate for spinning and weaving of yarn. - It has a good skilled labor at cheap rates. - The river Sabarmati provides water. - The port provides easy trade facilities for both export and import. ## Write a note on the service sector. The service sector consists of that part of the economy which is formed as 'soft', that is, it uses more knowledge and time to improve performance, product quality and delivery. People commonly regard it as a service sector. For e.g., telecommunication, healthcare, education, banking, insurance, legal services, construction, information technology (IT), tourism, media services, etc. ## What is Information Technology? List the factors which help in the development of this sector. Name a few hubs of information technology in the world. It deals with the storage, processing, and distribution of information. Factors that help in the development of this sector are: - They have developed infrastructure. - Availability of well-trained manpower. - Weather is conducive to working long hours. ## Write a note on reducing the industry hazards The industry hazard may involve threats to human settlements, residents, and machinery. So, the industry should take some measures to reduce industry hazards. The state should make sure that industries which involve potential threats to human settlements should be away from human dwellings. Also, there should be a fire-fighting system in place for the industry. The industry should make use of technology, skilled personnel, machines, and proper handling methods. The workers should also be properly equipped with appropriate clothing and safety measures for handling toxic substances and complicated machinery in order to reduce hazards. ## Industry is the industry itself and its product is the product of the industry - Industry is the industry that would trade into the market. - At times the product is directly usable by the consumers, or it may be an input for another industry. ## Example: Wood is collected from trees. This is in a raw form and becomes the raw material for the wooden, woolen industry. ## List locational advantages of setting up of TISCO at Jamshedpur: - Jamshedpur is well connected by road and rail services. - It is close to the confluence of rivers Subarnarekha and Kharkai in Jharkhand, which provides easy availability of water. - The areas rich in various ores required for steel plants are located nearby. - Kolkata is the main market and a port, and it is only 250 km from Jamshedpur. - Labor is easy and cheaply available from neighboring regions. ## What are the reasons for the growth of textile factories in Ahmedabad? - Easy availability of cotton as raw material. - It has a humid climate, which is ideal for spinning of the cotton thread. - Skilled and unskilled labor are available in nearby areas. - Land and farm power are available from nearby areas. - Trading and unskilled labor come from nearby areas. Export facilities are closely available at Kandla port and Mumbai. - Ahmedabad is well connected by road and rail links to other parts of the country. ## Mineral Based Industries The industry that processes minerals are called mineral based industries such as Iron, Copper, etc. ## Marine-Based Industries - Industries that process raw material obtained from rivers, lakes, etc. - Forestry - Sea food, fish, etc. ## Forest-Based Industries - Industries that work on forest produce such as wood, paper, etc. ## On the Basis of Ownership - **Private Sector Industries:** Industries are established and operated by individuals or a group of individuals are called private sector industries. For e.g., Tata Motors, TISCO. - **Public Sector Industries:** These industries are owned and operated by the government. For e.g., Steel Authority of India Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. - **Joint Sector Industries:** Industries which are owned by both government and private individuals. For e.g., Maruti Udyog Limited. - **Cooperative Sector:** Industries which are owned by producers and suppliers. For e.g., Amul Anand Milk Union Limited. ## What is Small-Scale Industry? What kind of goods are produced by small-scale industry? Small-scale industries need a small amount of capital and infrastructure as compared to the large-scale industries. These industries are commonly grouped as traditional and modern small-scale industries. These industries produce a wide range of goods such as rubber products, plastic products, chemical products, glass and ceramics, hardware, electrical items, and transport. ## What is an Industrial System? Explain it in detail and give one example. An industrial system mainly consists of three aspects: inputs, processing, outputs. **Inputs:** This includes land to establish the industry, raw material or semi-processed goods, labor, machinery, power, and other infrastructure like roads, rail, communication, etc. **Processing:** This involves various functions that change the state of the raw materials into the desired state which the industry is set up for. **Output Output:** The final output of the industry. ## Time employment to workers They provide only subsidiary or part-time employment to laborers and artisans. ## List industrial regions of iron and steel, and cotton textile industry in India? - Iron and steel industry: TISCO (Jamshedpur). - Cotton textile: Ahmedabad, Surat, Mumbai. ## What's industrial disaster? In industrial industries, many accidents have occurred and people working there or around the place have been affected when there are accidents. These accidents are of a higher magnitude, which causes major loss of life. They are termed as industrial disasters. ## How are industries classified on the basis of raw material, and ownership? Explain and give examples - **On the Basis of Raw Material** - **Agri-based Industries**: Industries which use plant and animal based products as raw material. - **Mineral based Industries**: The industry that processes minerals are called mineral based industries such as Iron, Copper, etc. - **Marine-based Industries**: Industries that process raw material obtained from rivers, lakes, etc., including forestry, sea food, fish, etc. - **Forest-based industries**: Industries that work on forest produce such as wood, paper, etc. - **On the Basis of Ownership** - **Private Sector Industries**: Industries established and operated by individuals or a group of individuals are called private sector industries, like Tata Motors, TISCO. - **Public Sector Industries**: These industries are owned and operated by the government, like Steel Authority of India Hindustan Aeronautics Limited. - **Joint Sector Industries**: Industries owned by both government and private individuals, like Maruti Udyog Limited. - **Cooperative Sector**: Industries owned by producers and suppliers, like Amul Anand Milk Union Limited.