Summary of Past Perfect Tense (Arabic)

 ** Unit (2) ‫** ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻷﻫﻢ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ award  tournament   achievement   disabled  ...

 ** Unit (2) ‫** ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻷﻫﻢ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ award  tournament   achievement   disabled   naughty   equality   unique   female   quality   round   remarkable   pharmacist   impact   win   unreasonable   prize   technical   spark   honour   private   generate electricity   sportswoman   consider   kicks   defeat   challenges   formula   obstacle   attitude   author   impatient   grades   opportunity   health statistics   contribution   contribute   fixed   variety   patient  scholars   overcome   stereotype   influence   grumpy   qualified   cruel   innovate   training  inspire   broke down   invention   proudly   retire   patient   lose   clay   model   gold medal   championship   patience   assume   require   statement   cheerful   achieve   reasons   miserable   cross   court   determination   volunteer   beat   source   course   percentage   significant   prejudice   celebrate   role model   rank   confidence   expert   successful   recognize   burn  symbol   unfair   encourage   defy / defied  hit   athletes   association   creative   honest   power lifting   confident   goal   dirty   adventure   report   alternative   summarize   minority   economic   reflect   graduate   device   volunteering   qualification   sporting competitions   figures   related to   speculate   park   biography   suburb   degree   tomboy   mission   noticeable    emergency   majority   program   career   Grand Slams   soldier   grateful   fortune   mist   palace   wonder   convict   protagonist   marsh   blacksmith   proud   prison   position   inn   guide   stir   torch   curtain   bored   file   ashamed   workshop   match   truth     1  ** Unit (2) ‫** ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ** The Past Perfect Tense **    + had + P.P   had + been + P.P   + hadn’t + P.P  Had +  + P.P …?  + had +  + P.P …? had +  + P.P … than - After he had studied the lesson, he answered the question. had +  + P.P … when - After studying the lesson, he answered the question.  had +  + P.P … when * I (didn’t / couldn’t) buy a car until I had saved my money. * The car wasn’t bought until I had saved my money  * No sooner had he saved his money than he bought a car. * Having attended the conference, he wrote a report.  * When he had studied the lesson, he answered the question. * When he answered the question, he had studied the lesson.  * Immediately on saving his money he bought a new car. * By 2008, I had graduated from the university. * In 2008, I graduated from the university. ** The Past Perfect Continuous Tense **    + had + been + V. ing   had + been + P.P   + hadn’t + been + V. ing  Had +  + been + V. ing …?  + had +  + been + V. ing …? After / Before … for After / Before … since All day / week    After I had waited, the bus arrived.  While I was playing the match, I fell down  After I had been waiting for 2 hours, the bus arrived.  After I had been playing the match for 2 hours, I went home    He is tired because he has been running for 2 hours now  My father was tired because he had been working all  He was tired because he had been running all day. day.   (wait / read / watch / sleep / play / work)                                                               2  ** Comparison Adjectives **       good / well better than the best * Amr is taller than * English is more bad worse than the worst Maged. interesting than French. little less than the least many / more than the most much * The plane is the fastest * Noha is the most farther means of transport. intelligent girl in the class. the farthest than far further the furthest than later than the latest late - The book is as (cheap / expensive) as the pen. latter than the last - The book and the pen are the same price. *** ‫*** ﺭﻛﺰ ﰲ ﺍﳌﺜﺎﻝ ﺍﻟﻠﻲ ﺟﺎﻱ‬ - The book is the same price as the pen. Gold is the most expensive metal. = Gold is more expensive than any metal. = No metal is more expensive than gold. = Any metal is less expensive than gold. - The plane is faster than the train. = No metal is as expensive as gold. - The train is not as fast as the plane. = Any metal is not as expensive as gold. - The plane is not as slow as the train. a lot / a bit / - Compared to the Amazon, the Nile is longer. - Gold is a little / much more expensive than silver. - She is getting fatter. - Amr is rather / even taller than Adel. - I like all my subjects but I like English most of all. slightly / far - While I was running, I felt more and more tired. - I have never bought such a fast car like Toyota. - I have never bought a faster car than Toyota.  (right – real – wrong)  (more  most) - The more you study, the more marks you get. - Mona is the taller of the two sisters. - The more you study, the higher marks you get. - The slower you drive, the safer you feel. - Noha is taller than me. = Noha is taller than I am. ** Unit (2) ‫** ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ * Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1. She felt a great sense of pride as she watched him accept the …… a- supply b- price c- punishment d- award 2. Squash players hit the ball against the walls of the …… a- court b- course c- board d- source 3. He is currently …… second in the world as a tennis player. a- marked b- ranked c- scored d- recorded 4. They were defeated in the first round of the …… a- circulation b- tour c- tournament d- lane 5. The boxer's left eye is completely closed before the end of …… two. a- round b- square c- stage d- circle 6. He doesn't conform the national …… of a Frenchman. a- stereo b- sterility c- story d- stereotype 7. Turkish economists have made important …… to the field of financial and corporate economics. a- controls b- contributions c- conversations d- convenience 8. Sameh …… for the final by beating Maher on Monday. a- qualified b- arrived c- quit d- scored 9. The shopkeeper was …… and rather unfriendly man. a- good-tempered b- kind c- grumpy d- sympathized 3 10. The TV programme merely confirmed all my …… about salespeople. a- purposes b- preludes c- promises d- prejudices 11. Actors stars are …… for thousands of young people. a- rules b- role plays c- roller-blades d- role models 12. Meeting you here in Alexandria is a …… coincidence. a- remake b- remarkable c- mark d- sign 13. The tax on fuel will not have a serious …… on the better-off. a- reflection b- impact c- infection d- pack 14. The whole country came out to …… his return from the war. a- celebrate b- censure c- guard d- attack 15. Charities are always trying to recruit …… to help in their work. a- voters b- beggars c- volunteers d- soldiers 16. How would …… people escape in an emergency? a- disabled b- dead c- fixed d- major 17. Because of its extreme cold weather, the Antarctic is a …… environment. a- regular b- common c- unique d- private 18. Everyone concerned acted with great courage and …… a- determination b- pollution c- population d- confrontation 19. This season I expect us to retain the …… and win the African Cup. a- partnership b- championship c- relationship d- friendship 20. If an …… makes a false start, the race must be restarted. a- editor b- athletic c- servant d- athlete 21. Tourism, which is a major …… of income for the city, may be seriously affected. a- source b- answer c- result d- solution 22. I have promised to finish the task by Friday, but it's going to be quite a/an …… a- change b- allowance c- challenge d- charge 23. There have been a huge number of entries for this year's poetry …… a- composition b- competition c- transmission d- change 24. The gold …… slipped from his grasp in the last moment of the race. a- medal b- model c- modal d- menial 25. We can still rearrange the dates of our holiday. Nothing is …… yet. a- constant b- stable c- digital d- fixed 26. Getting the job finished on time was no mean …… a- failure b- achievement c- replacement d- argument 27. I know no store anywhere in the world that has such …… and display. a- variety b- vapour c- vacation d- valley 28. Mona had fought and …… her fear of flying. a- overdosed b- overcome c- overdone d- overacted 29. Civil rights include freedom …… law and the right to vote. a- quality b- prejudice c- equality d- bias 30. With this new product, we are well situated to …… our competitors. a- lose b- gain c- earn d- beat 31. It's so …… to keep a pony chained up like that all the time. a- gentle b- kind c- good d- cruel 32. Although their careers are important many said they plan to …… at 50. a- leave b- retire c- quit d- employ 33. The government should continue to use its …… for the release of all hostages. a- influence b- strength c- inflection d- reflection 34. What …… of the adult male population is unemployed? a- quality b- percentage c- advantage d- quantity 35. What sets Sameh apart from most engineers is his constant desire to …… and experiment. a- innovate b- invite c- prepare d- explore 36. Dr Ramy was a distinguished …… of Egyptian history and government. a- adult b- apprentice c- scholar d- biologist 37. He was rather …… about having to trail across London. It's a tiring journey. a- delighted b- pleased c- amused d- cross 38. It is better to convince by …… than seduce by example. a- fight b- battle c- worry d- argument 39. You …… boy, you gave me such a fright. a- respectful b- naughty c- cute d- gentle 40. The …… will be only too pleased to help you teach how to read your thermometer. a- scientist b- scholar c- pharmacist d- pilot 41. Research in the field of medicine has led to …… health advances in the last decade. a- significant b- crucial c- sighting d- signify 42. She will be banned from international …… for five years. a- comprehension b- completion c- composition d- competition 43. The …… Ⓒ shows that something is protected by copyright. a- flag b- sign c- symbol d- leaflet 4 44. Soldiers had temporarily closed the …… between the two countries. a- borders b- board c- angles d- edges 45. Your health is generally good, but you do have a few …… problems. a- major b- terminal c- minor d- senior 46. I'm sure we'll hear something soon, you'll just have to be …… a- patient b- patent c- lazy d- nervous 47. It's possible to break a piece of wood using a …… chop. a- volleyball b- tennis c- squash d- karate 48. The footballer appealed to the referee for a free …… a- link b- throw c- kick d- knock 49. The …… for calculating the cost of each carpet can be found at the back of the catalogue. a- forum b- formula c- farm d- form 50. It is always an important …… for setting out government policy. a- occasion b- time c- situation d- view 51. He was very …… when his daughter received a commendation for her achievement. a- pride b- shy c- sorry d- proud 52. She took a series of badly paid secretarial jobs which made her really …… a- delighted b- cheerful c- miserable d- glad 53. There's a clear distinction between the dialects spoken in the two …… a- positions b- regions c- events d- regards 54. It's wrong to …… animals as if they had no feelings. a- fire b- beg c- mean d- treat 55. The military government has been unable to win …… supports. a- popular b- polluted c- pollinated d- populated 56. She had …… so much that the doctor had cut her dosage. a- provided b- improvised c- improved d- proved 57. It is sad to see him go but it won't make any …… to the way we conduct our affairs. a- likeness b- difference c- similarity d- resemblance 58. Their friendship …… through their shared interest in the arts. a- enveloped b- evolved c- developed d- devised 59. Farmers and market gardeners have been badly …… by the drought. a- reflected b- defected c- conflicted d- affected 60. Overcrowding remains a large …… to improving conditions. a- obstacle b- ramp c- cure d- contact 61. I would love to go …… this year, perhaps to the south of Turkey. a- board b- abroad c- aboard d- broad 62. The government response seems to be the result of strong public …… against the police apathy. a- cause b- reaction c- explanation d- reason 63. The court sentenced him for life as a …… for terrorist activities. a- connector b- collector c- benefactor d- convict 64. Because of the heavy rain all night, the ground had become a …… a- marsh b- march c- mate d- mass 65. In this …… they serve food and they have rooms where you can stay. a- barrel b- inn c- box d- tunnel 66. He made a small …… in the Istanbul property boom. a- Fortney b- furniture c- fortune d- fortunate 67. The …… inmates are being kept in their cells. a- prison's b- paradise's c- theatre's d- person's 68. In order to …… capture, he fled to the jungle. a- escort b- equip c- esteem d- escape 69. On seeing the orphan, her eyes were filled with …… a- tears b- drops c- sweat d- tiers 70. I felt incredibly …… of myself for getting so angry. a- shy b- ashamed c- proud d- sad 71. I was …… if you would like to come to the cinema with me this evening? a- wondering b- wandering c- thinking d- talking 72. "Anything else?" Tamer asked. Rady …… his head wearily. a- chatted b- got c- shook d- caught 73. If you're going to walk those sort of …… you need proper walking boots. a- lengths b- widths c- heights d- distances 74. The queen's carriage will now return along the mall to the …… a- palace b- cottage c- tent d- cave 75. The …… hair was decorated with pearls and white flowers. a- husband's b- groom's c- bride's d- pride's 76. The dining room was lit by four large …… a- wax b- fires c- oil d- candles 77. Slowly add the flour, …… until completely blended. a- staring b- storing c- stirring d- steering 5 78. The woman wore a black …… which covered all but her eyes. a- sock b- veil c- glass d- scarf 79. There is always a/an …… on the bathroom mirror when I've had a shower. a- ice b- snow c- thunder d- mist 80. I should like to extend my …… thanks to all the volunteers. a- grateful b- furious c- sad d- angry 81. I enjoyed my course at first, but after a time I got …… with it. a- untidy b- amused c- bored d- interested 82. I can put up with the house being ……, but I hate it if it's not clean. a- bored b- tidy c- organized d- untidy 83. Someone that you admire and try to imitate is called a ……. a- role-model b- role-play c- roller blade d- role medal 84. A series of games in a competition is called a/an …… a- score b- around c- round d- route 85. To …… means to be considered to have a higher or lower position than others. a- compete b- rank c- bang d- arrange 86. To …… means to give money or a prize following an official decision. a- award b- support c- appreciate d- encourage 87. …… means the quality of not being the same. a- Popularity b- Sincerity c- Similarity d- Variety 88. …… the ability to continue trying to do something, although it is very difficult. a- Preparation b- Globalization c- Determination d- Pollution 89. An area where certain ball games are played is called a …… a- field b- court c- frame d- board 90. Something new that has been introduced is called a/an …… a- invitation b- persuasion c- situation d- innovation 91. …… a strong feeling of like or dislike towards somebody that is not based on reason or experience. a- Prejudice b- Respect c- Reference d- Injure 92. …… is something that gives pride or pleasure. a- Honour b- Shame c- Horror d- Misery 93. …… means a fixed idea that people have about what someone or something is like, especially an idea that is wrong. a- Stories b- Sterility c- Stereotype d- Variety 94. …… is the strong feeling that you have because of something unfair or hurtful that has happened. a- Hunger b- Anger c- Laugh d- Comfort 95. A …… is a round stick of wax with a piece of string in the middle that you can burn to give light. a- lamp b- torch c- candle d- cattle 96. A woman on or just before her wedding day is called …… a- widow b- pride c- groom d- bride 97. …… means feeling guilty or embarrassed about something you have done. a- Proud b- Ashamed c- Shy d- Pleased 98. A …… is a very large amount of money or property. a- fortune b- furniture c- fortunate d- frame 99. To move a liquid, round and round with a spoon means to …… it. a- store b- stare c- stir d- steer 100. He is always arguing with his little sister. The synonym of arguing is …… a- debating b- accepting c- regarding d- ignoring 101. Walking is a popular form of exercise in Britain. The opposite of popular is …… a- common b- public c- unusual d- general 102. I'm terribly cross with him. Cross can be replaced by …… a- glad b- pleased c- impressed d- annoyed 103. He was very grumpy when his son broke his mobile. The closest meaning to grumpy is …… a- bad-tempered b- good natured c- nice d- merciful 104. It's cruel to keep birds in cages. The antonym of cruel is …… a- inhuman b- merciful c- merciless d- heartless 105. Please be patient-your cheque will arrive. The antonym of patient is …… a- persistent b- tolerant c- enduring d- intolerant 106. Girls, you're being very naughty. The synonym of naughty is …… a- decent b- well-behaved c- indecent d- pure 107. She has a miserable existence living with him. The antonym of miserable is …… a- happy b- sad c- irritable d- wretched 108. People change their minds for a variety of reasons. Variety can be replaced by …… a- diversity b- likeness c- similarity d- resemblance 109. She is now a qualified secretary. The antonym of qualified is …… a- fit b- suitable c- competent d- unskilled 110. I need a definite answer by tomorrow. The synonym of answer is …… a- response b- question c- wonder d- inquiry 111. He managed to escape from prison. The synonym of prison is …… a- castle b- workhouse c- jail d- shelter 6 112. She looked pretty in a simple cotton dress. The antonym of pretty is …… a- attractive b- beautiful c- amazing d- ugly 113. I watched as the bus disappeared into the distance. The synonym of disappeared is …… a- existed b- hid c- happened d- appeared 114. She has gone …… a lot in order to achieve what she has. a- though b- through c- away d- beneath 115. They've set themselves a series of goals to …… by the end of the month. a- achieve b- record c- succeed d- cross 116. He asked me for my …… on which mobile to buy. a- device b- advise c- revise d- advice 117. They won the …… for the most promising new band of the year. a- present b- gift c- award d- price 118. He didn't seem very …… in what I was saying. a- interested b- fond c- delighted d- happy 119. This invention …… a major contribution to road safety. a- made b- did c- grew d- drew 120. …… sure you lock the door behind you. a- Take b- Make c- Do d- Look 121. She …… mental note of the title. a- caught b- made c- drew d- did 122. How did you find out …… the party? a- through b- with c- above d- about 123. Sameh …… a karate gold medal. a- earned b- beat c- won d- did 124. He hoped to qualify …… a lawyer at the end of the year. a- through b- as c- in d- at 125. She …… voluntary work for a charity two days a week. a- does b- makes c- puts d- goes 126. You'll have to wait for the bus at …… an hour. a- list b- less c- least d- last 127. The radiation leak had a disastrous …… on the environment. a- effect b- affect c- affection d- affecting 128. They are …… some fascinating research on the language of dolphins. a- making b- doing c- growing d- looking 129. They named their son Nagy …… his grandfather. a- down b- before c- through d- after 130. He has …… physics degree from Cairo. a- made b- gone c- got d- grown 131. He is always …… into trouble with the police when he was young. a- getting b- going c- growing d- taking 132. She …… her head from side to side expressing "No". a- shoots b- cheats c- shakes d- stirs 133. He really …… his mother's heart when he left home. a- broke b- formed c- brought d- cut 134. You can …… a fortune out of junk if you call it "antiques". a- do b- make c- generate d- grow 135. If I …… a promise, I like to keep it. a- employ b- go c- do d- make 136. …… asleep on the bus and woke up at the last station. a- felt b- failed c- fell d- filled 137. He got a …… as an editor in a big company. a- career b- job c- work d- task 138. I've spent years …… up my collection. a- built b- to build c- building d- to building 139. Rana was …… into a wealthy family. a- born b- bear c- borne d- bearing 140. Sugar is a major …… of tooth decay. a- aim b- reason c- result d- cause 141. She …… a bit of extra pocket money by baby-sitting. a- gains b- earns c- wins d- beats 142. In the end, we decided …… to the theater. a- to go b- to going c- went d- go 143. The photograph makes me …… about 60! a- look b- looked c- to looking d- looking 144. They started …… their villa in January. a- build b- building c- built d- to building 145. The company specializes …… customized computer systems. a- of b- on c- in d- for 7 146. It's difficult for that small supermarket to compete …… the big supermarkets. a- with b- at c- on d- of 147. She insisted …… seeing her lawyer. a- for b- of c- on d- with 148. Hany, stop arguing …… me, and do as you're told. a- at b- with c- of d- on 149. Caring …… young children can be exhausting. a- for b- on c- in d- after 150. Cairo is a city famous …… its nightlife. a- with b- of c- for d- in 151. Hana is completely different …… her sister. a- about b- for c- with d- from 152. You can go instead …… me, if you want. a- with b- of c- on d- in 153. He was proud …… his great achievements. a- about b- for c- in d- of 154. If you really looking …… it, you'll probably find it's not such a good deal. a- along b- for c- after d- into 155. Iran …… someone I used to know at school the other day. a- before b- over c- about d- into 156. A/An …… is a person who teaches at a university. a- lecturer b- surgeon c- pilot d- editor 157. …… means something you do to help make something successful or someone advance. a- Globalisation b- Contribution c- Distribution d- Imagination 158. A/An …… is a scientist who specialises in the field of physics. a- oculist b- biologist c- chemist d- physicist 159. A/An …… is a person young people can look up to and try to be like them. a- producer b- manager c- role model d- role play 160. To …… is to successfully finish a training course so you can do a job. a- purify b- qualify c- retire d- employ 161. A …… is a fixed idea about what a person or thing is like. a- sterility b- steward c- sterling d- stereotype 162. A/An …… is a prize or symbol given to recognise an achievement. a- award b- fine c- cup d- reward 163. …… is an unfair or unreasonable opinion because you do not have enough knowledge. a- Truth b- Prejudice c- Justice d- Reality 164. Successful athletes are usually able to …… their problems. a- overcome b- earn c- beat d- gain 165. The first …… of a sporting competition is when the opening game or match is played. a- circle b- course c- round d- lecture 166. …… is a Japanese sport in which you must defeat a person using hits, kicks or throws. a- Jump b- Karate c- Yoga d- Bowling 167. A …… is a person who knows which medicines you should take to make you better. a- geologist b- biologist c- physicist d- pharmacist 168. People often …… Hong Kong as the most expensive city to live in the world. a- establish b- rank c- observe d- watch 169. Hard work and …… were the key to Mayar Sherif's success. a- globalization b- imagination c- graduation d- determination 170. When he …… the box, he heard something rattling around inside. a- downloaded b- installed c- shaved d- shook 171. The guide told us the Pharaoh spent a/an …… building his palace. a- treason b- pressure c- fortune d- effort 172. The mother of the …… cried during the wedding. a- bride b- toddler c- bribe d- criminal 173. The storm cut off the electricity so we had to use a …… a- bulb b- candle c- socket d- light 174. The man was …… to Pip for bringing him something to eat. a- bad b- cruel c- furious d- grateful 175. If you don't …… the sauce, it won't be smooth. a- stare b- score c- stir d- smell 176. He was …… that he had lied. a- ashamed b- proud c- amused d- shy 177. The bride wore a long …… on her head that matched her wedding dress. a- sock b- veil c- blouse d- glove 178. My English …… at university inspired me to become an English teacher. a- lecturer b- teacher c- surgeon d- editor 179. Yasmeen Yehya Moustafa is a great …… for young female scientists in Egypt. a- role play b- role medal c- role model d- role player 8 180. It is a …… to think that all footballers are tall and strong. Some of them are quite small. a- system sound b- stereo player c- stereo tape d- stereotype 181. Nadia is a nurse who won a/an …… in 2020 for her work during the health emergency. a- present b- award c- record d- order 182. Tarek worked very hard for many years and he has now …… as a doctor. a- qualification b- qualified c- quantity d- quality 183. I would like to thank our volunteers, who have all …… in helping to make the park look so beautiful. a- a contribution b- contract c- worth d- character 184. Albert Einstein is perhaps the most famous …… the world has known. a- physician b- physiologist c- physicist d- poet 185. When you insist on achieving your goals, you have a lot of …… a- determination b- detection c- deterioration d- configuration 186. Amira was able to …… last year's obstacles and received an A in biology this year. a- earn b- succeed c- gain d- overcome 187. Mostafa loves chemistry and he is studying to become a/an …… a- teacher b- engineer c- pharmacist d- professor 188. The soldiers ran into the …… and we saw the two men. a- marshes b- matches c- marches d- marabous 189. I am sorry that I ate your …… a- mental b- meet c- metal d- meat 190. I …… what game I could play. a- wounded b- wondered c- wandered d- winded 191. …… came to my eyes. a- Treys b- Tries c- Tears d- Tiers 192. The …… is so thick, you wouldn't know there was a prison ship out there! a- missed b- most c- moist d- mist ** Model Answer ** 1. d 2. a 3. b 4. c 5. a 6. d 7. b 8. a 9. c 10. d 11. d 12. b 13. b 14. a 15. c 16. a 17. c 18. a 19. b 20. d 21. a 22. c 23. b 24. a 25. d 26. b 27. a 28. b 29. c 30. d 31. d 32. b 33. a 34. b 35. a 36. c 37. d 38. d 39. b 40. c 41. a 42. d 43. c 44. a 45. c 46. a 47. d 48. c 49. b 50. a 51. d 52. c 53. b 54. d 55. a 56. c 57. b 58. c 59. d 60. a 61. b 62. b 63. d 64. a 65. b 66. c 67. a 68. d 69. a 70. b 71. a 72. c 73. d 74. a 75. c 76. d 77. c 78. b 79. d 80. a 81. c 82. d 83. a 84. c 85. b 86. a 87. d 88. c 89. b 90. d 91. a 92. a 93. c 94. b 95. c 96. d 97. b 98. a 99. c 100. a 101. c 102. d 103. a 104. b 105. d 106. c 107. a 108. a 109. d 110. a 111. c 112. d 113. b 114. b 115. a 116. d 117. c 118. a 119. a 120. b 121. b 122. d 123. c 124. b 125. a 126. c 127. a 128. b 129. d 130. c 131. a 132. c 133. a 134. b 135. d 136. c 137. b 138. c 139. a 140. d 141. b 142. a 143. a 144. b 145. c 146. a 147. c 148. b 149. a 150. c 151. d 152. b 153. d 154. d 155. d 156. a 157. b 158. d 159. c 160. b 161. d 162. a 163. b 164. a 165. c 166. b 167. d 168. b 169. d 170. d 171. c 172. a 173. b 174. d 175. c 176. a 177. b 178. a 179. c 180. d 181. b 182. b 183. a 184. c 185. a 186. d 187. c 188. a 189. d 190. b 191. c 192. d ** Unit (2) ‫** ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ * Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1. The fire had spread to the next building before the firemen …… a- arrived b- had arrived c- would arrive d- arrives 2. By the time he arrived at home, his wife …… the dinner. a- has made b- makes c- is making d- had made 3. When she had done the shopping, she …… home. a- will return b- returned c- was returning d- returns 4. We went to the cinema as soon as we …… our work. a- have finished b- will finish c- had finished d- would finish 5. He went for a walk after he …… dinner. a- had eaten b- eating c- has eaten d- having eaten 6. He …… nothing before he saw us. a- does b- had done c- was doing d- would do 7. He …… home after I had met him yesterday. a- returns b- was returning c- returned d- is returning 8. He …… the prize as soon as he had won the competition. a- will take b- took c- would take d- takes 9 9. He …… me her name until she had left. a- didn't tell b- doesn't tell c- won't tell d- hadn't told 10. He had worked for himself before …… this job. a- got b- gets c- getting d- has got 11. Did you post the letter after …… it? a- had written b- wrote c- write d- writing 12. When I arrived at the theatre, the play …… a- has already started b- already starts c- will already start d- had already started 13. I didn't forgive him until I …… the reason for his shameful conduct. a- know b- had known c- would know d- have known 14. When I had heard the good news I …… to inform him. a- hurried b- hurry c- will hurry d- had hurried 15. When I found my wallet I discovered that someone …… the money out of it. a- has taken b- had taken c- was taking d- takes 16. By the time we …… the bus stop, the bus had left. a- had reached b- had been reaching c- reached d- reaches 17. We left the cinema after the film …… a- had been ending b- ended c- ends d- had ended 18. The crowd didn't leave the stadium until the game …… a- had been ending b- had ended c- ends d- ended 19. I went out for a walk after …… dinner. a- had eaten b- had been eating c- have eaten d- eat 20. I missed the train because it …… early. a- leaves b- left c- had been leaving d- had left 21. She …… the questions carefully before answering them. a- reads b- had been reading c- had read d- has read 22. We …… our work before we went to the cinema. a- finish b- had finished c- had been finishing d- finished 23. They had no sooner reached the theatre …… the fire broke out in it. a- when b- than c- while d- but 24. No sooner …… at work than it began to rain. a- had I arrived b- I had arrived c- I arrived d- have I arrived 25. When she arrived home, she realized she …… her purse at the shop. a- forgot b- would forget c- had forgotten d- has forgotten 26. …… him before you received the job offer? a- Had you met b- Have you met c- Do you met d- Were you meeting 27. I was tired yesterday morning because I …… until late the night before. a- stayed b- had been staying c- have been staying d- was staying 28. It was only …… I had reached work that the meeting started. a- when b- until c- as soon as d- before 29. Hardly had we arrived home …… it started to rain. a- after b- as soon as c- until d- when 30. No sooner …… I started watching TV than the telephone rang. a- have b- had c- was d- did 31. She didn't water the plants …… she made sure they were dry. a- until b- as soon as c- by the time d- no sooner 32. …… finished work, we went for a walk. a- Being b- Having c- Doing d- Getting 33. Hardly …… home when the wall collapsed. a- he had left b- has he left c- had he left d- was he leaving 34. No sooner …… the police than he ran away. a- has the thief seen b- the thief had seen c- had the thief seen d- the thief has seen 35. We …… for nearly an hour before the bus finally came. a- had been waiting b- had waited c- waited d- have waited 36. I …… all my water before we got to the top of the mountain. a- had been drinking b- had drunk c- drunk d- have drunk 37. The musician Chopin …… his first piece of music before he was eight. a- had been writing b- wrote c- has written d- had written 38. The fields were flooded because it …… for ten days without stopping. a- rained b- had rained c- had been raining d- was raining 39. They …… for weeks before they played the final match. a- trained b- had been training c- has trained d- been trained 40. After I …… for 20 minutes, my friend arrived and apologised to me. a- have been waiting b- have waited c- wait d- had been waiting 41. I …… three emails before I left the office. a- had sent b- sent c- had been sending d- have sent 42. President Sadat died in 1981, before that our army …… the Suez Canal in 1973. a- was crossing b- had crossed c- have crossed d- crossed 10 43. Mona didn't send the message to her father until she …… it. a- has been writing b- has written c- writing d- had written 44. Having …… the shopping, mother started to prepare lunch. a- do b- she did c- done d- she does 45. No sooner …… the noise than we rushed to the spot. a- had we heard b- did we hear c- we had heard d- we did hear 46. By 2012, I …… three novels. It was a great achievement for me. a- had written b- will have written c- had been writing d- was writing 47. When he arrived in Cairo, he …… English for 6 years. a- had studied b- had been studying c- has studied d- has been studying 48. We arrived late. The film …… half an hour earlier. a- was beginning b- has begun c- begins d- had begun 49. He works …… than anyone else at the office. a- hard b- harder c- hardest d- a bit hard 50. The journey to Mahalla is not so …… as I thought. a- shorter b- shortest c- short d- the shortest 51. Ahmed is the …… person I have ever seen. a- best b- better c- good d- worse 52. Cairo isn't …… cold as London. a- so b- very c- more d- less 53. Rana is …… girl in our class. a- most tall b- tall c- taller d- the tallest 54. I wish our children are …… than us. a- luckier b- lucky c- the luckiest d- more lucky 55. My brother works in …… firm in Egypt. a- big b- bigger c- the biggest d- biggest 56. Hany's behaviour is …… than his brother's. a- good b- better c- best d- the best 57. This is …… difficult maths problem I've ever done. a- more b- less c- the most d- least 58. In general, the food isn't nearly so …… as it was years ago. a- better b- worst c- the worst d- good 59. That is …… photo I've ever taken. a- pretty b- prettier c- prettiest d- the prettiest 60. My wife bought …… dress she could find in the mall. a- the most expensive b- more expensive c- the more expensive d- less expensive 61. Mahdy is …… careful driver in our town. a- more b- the most c- less d- least 62. August is …… month of the year. a- more hot b- hot c- hotter d- the hottest 63. Life in the city is …… than life in the countryside. a- noisier b- the noisiest c- noisy d- more noisy 64. Arabic is …… than many other languages in the world. a- more easy b- easier c- easiest d- the easiest 65. My little son is a bit …… than he usually is. a- cheerful b- most cheerful c- more cheerful d- the most cheerful 66. Inland cities are …… boring than the coastal ones. a- more b- most c- least d- a bit 67. Mostafa speaks German …… than he writes it. a- a few b- worse c- fewest d- worst 68. Mahmoud is a …… engineer than Taha. a- bad b- worse c- best d- the worst 69. He was not …… as his colleagues. a- helpful b- more helpful c- as helpful d- less helpful 70. In my view, Ramy is …… than his brother Atef. a- weak b- the weakest c- more weaker d- much weaker 71. In your opinion, which do you think is …… city in the world? a- the most boring b- more boring c- most boring d- boring 72. This laptop is not …… cheap as the one I bought last year. a- more b- less c- as d- most 73. Nobody here is …… Peter. a- efficient b- as efficient as c- most efficient d- more efficient 74. You were a little depressed yesterday, but you look …… today. a- happier b- more happy c- much happy d- happiest 75. Appliances are twice as …… as they were a few years ago. a- more expensive b- less expensive c- most expensive d- expensive 76. This tree is …… than the building over there. a- more taller b- a bit taller c- very tall d- the tallest 11 77. My uncle bought a car which, is one of …… expensive cars in the country. a- more b- most c- the most d- much 78. Reda is …… of all the employees in the company. a- helpless b- less helpless c- more helpless d- the most helpless 79. She's very clever at cooking, but my mother is …… cook I've ever known. a- more clever b- clever c- less clever d- the cleverest 80. Yasser is …… a basketball player than anyone else in the team. a- worse b- worst c- bad d- the worst 81. Fady was the …… to arrive at my wedding party. a- late b- last c- latest d- later 82. Banha is …… to Cairo than Mansoura. a- near b- nearest c- nearer d- the nearest 83. Essam is much …… than his friend Tamer. a- more cheerful b- least cheerful c- cheerful d- the most cheerful 84. Perhaps I looked bad this morning, but she looked …… a- badly b- the worst c- well d- worse 85. The colder the weather, the …… Kamel feels. a- bad b- worse c- worst d- more bad 86. Hana is the same age …… her friend Nana. a- so b- as c- more d- most 87. Nowadays, it is becoming harder and …… to find a suitable job. a- hard b- hardest c- harder d- the hardest 88. Ramy is the …… of the two brothers. a- older b- old c- oldest d- more old 89. Shady is …… of two friends. a- younger b- the youngest c- young d- the younger 90. Our house is …… to school than yours. a- furthest b- far c- further d- the furthest 91. The more books she reads …… ignorant she is. a- the more b- the less c- the most d- the least 92. The …… protein you eat, the healthier you become. a- more b- much c- least d- most 93. She always arrives …… than any one else. a- late b- later c- latest d- latter 94. Do you think that girls are …… than boys? a- kinder b- kind c- kindest d- the kinder 95. At my primary school, Baher was sometimes naughty, but Marwan was …… boy in the class. a- naughty b- naughty than c- more naughty d- the most naughty 96. Most children are …… as they get older. a- the most well behaved b- well behaved c- more well behaved d- well behaved than 97. Hazem is always a bit grumpy, but he is even …… when his favourite football team loses. a- most grumpy b- grumpy c- the most grumpy d- more grumpy 98. Lama is …… in class. She never gets angry. a- best natured b- the best natured c- the good natured d- better natured 99. Dalia is much …… in her new job than in the last one. She didn't like it. a- most cheerful b- cheerful c- cheerful than d- more cheerful ** Model Answer ** 1. a 2. d 3. b 4. c 5. a 6. b 7. c 8. b 9. a 10. c 11. d 12. d 13. b 14. a 15. b 16. c 17. d 18. b 19. a 20. d 21. c 22. b 23. b 24. a 25. c 26. a 27. b 28. a 29. d 30. b 31. a 32. b 33. c 34. c 35. a 36. b 37. d 38. c 39. b 40. d 41. a 42. b 43. d 44. c 45. a 46. a 47. b 48. d 49. b 50. c 51. a 52. a 53. d 54. a 55. c 56. b 57. c 58. d 59. d 60. a 61. b 62. d 63. a 64. b 65. c 66. a 67. b 68. b 69. c 70. d 71. a 72. c 73. b 74. a 75. d 76. b 77. c 78. d 79. d 80. a 81. b 82. c 83. a 84. d 85. b 86. b 87. c 88. a 89. d 90. c 91. b 92. a 93. b 94. a 95. d 96. c 97. d 98. b 99. d 12  ** Unit (11) ‫** ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻷﻫﻢ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ swap  identity   raise   community   balanced   dialects   linguistic   estimate   traditions   ancestors   influence   shape   impact   precious   improve   perform   tips   classmate   classify   real figure   sociolinguist   organisation   research   festival   gaps   differences   introduce   fiancé   forgive   tight   incredible   guide   leg-irons   acquit   desert   dominant   multicultural   customs   beliefs  clear-cut   convince   unique   heritage   multiculturalism   pride   fluent   celebrate   explore  guide   brain functions   provide   mix   issues   oasis   minorities   isolated   confusing   share   fascinating   aspects   profession   rock music   orphan   scream   bandage   marshes   steamer   lodgings   jealous   rescue   mother tongue   multilingual   noticeable   temporary   deep-seated   endangered   survive   (be) located   roots   embrace   typical   personality   bilingual   benefits   ability   mental tasks   local   truck   adults   include   population   timetable   divide   similarities   favourite   main   fortunate   adopt   spoil   faint   cruel   convict   murder   fight   delay   relatives   lawyer   entrance   save   untidy   lighthouse   injured   trust   opportunity   row   injection   passionate   rest   fault   escape   pack   firefighter   decision   fact   nationalities   last   recommend   tour   expatriate   majority   beneficial   obelisk   represent   initiative   home-sick   blog   expert   mental illness   generosity   the Rosetta Stone   immigrant   peer   diary     13  ** Unit (11) ‫** ﻣﻠﺨﺺ ﻗﻮﺍﻋﺪ‬ ** Relative Clauses **   who The shops whose assistants    which The shops where / which the assistants It is – any – only – all –  + est 1. This is the most beautiful girl that I have ever seen. that All that Amr said, is very important information. – most – someone 2. This is the man about whom I told you yesterday.  + whom The child whom the doctor examined, has recovered.   3. This is the flat where I live.   where This is the flat which is advertised in the newspaper.   when 4. Friday is the day when I visit my uncle.   what Friday is the day which ends the week.   why 5. I don’t understand what you are saying.   how What Amr said, is very important information. 6. I don’t know why he is absent – he is ill.   whose  I don’t know how he comes to school – by bus. 7. * The foreigners (who – whose) stay ends, should leave our country.  The foreigners (who – whose) stay 6 month, should leave our country. 8. * I played a game with my brother (who – which) made me tired. 9. * The group (who – which) repaired the building are clever.  The group (who – which) repaired the building is very clever. 10. * which = which is which / where = which is where / when = which is when 11. * Damiatta is an Egyptian city which / that produces furniture.  Damiatta is an Egyptian city where furniture is produced. 12. * Shoes are expensive – A pair of shoes is expensive.  I bought a pair of shoes which are expensive. 13. * This is the man who I gave some money.  This is the man I gave some money. * The student who arrives early, will attend the lecture.  The student arriving early, will attend the lecture. * The novels which were written by Taha Hussien, were translated into English.  The novels written by Taha Hussien, were translated into English. 14. * Alexandria is the place where I spend my vacation.  Alexandria is the place in which I spend my vacation.  Alexandria is the place which I spend my vacation in.  Alexandria is the place, I spend my vacation in. 15. * Summer is the time when I travel to Alexandria.  Summer is the time in which I travel to Alexandria.  Summer is the time which I travel to Alexandria in.  Summer is the time, I travel to Alexandria in. 16. story – article – magazine – novel – book – newspaper  in which / conference – meeting  at which 17. They said something cruel …… they should apologize. a- from which b- with which c- for which d- through which 18. My sister, who (X that X) lives in Alexandria, is a teacher.  non – defining relative clause My sister ( who / that ) lives in Alexandria is a teacher.  defining relative clause ** Compound Adjectives **  solar-powered / slow-moving / full-length / badly-written / never-ending / man-made / English-speaking / world-famous 1. * The boy is seven years old.  He is a seven-year-old boy. * Amr is well educated.  Amr is a well-educated person. 2. * English is a widely-spoken language.  * He is an English-speaking person.  better-looking / best-looking better-known / best-known 3. good-looking well-known more good-looking / most good-looking more well-known / most well-known 14 4. * It is a terribly hot day.  * Amr is a very clever person. / * Amr is a very well-educated person. 5. * Ten minutes  a ten-minutes break / ten-minute breaks * Note  type two diabetes  (hyphen)  (overstuffed – overstayed – undercooked  up-to-date software / a one-of-a-kind website 8. * I bought Amr Diab tickets. capitalhyphen 9. * He drove a yellow-stripped car.  * He drove a yellow, stripped car.   1. description   exciting – pretty – famous 2. size   large – medium – big – small 3. shape   round – flat – thin – short 4. age   old – new – young – modern 5. colour   red – white – blue – black 6. material   leather – wool – metal – plastic 7. type   electric – sport -classical ** Unit (11) ‫** ﻭﺍﺟﺐ ﻛﻠﻤﺎﺕ‬ * Choose the correct answer from a, b, c or d: 1. Their dad died when they were small so their mum …… the family on her own. a- carried b- managed c- raised d- lifted 2. The highly productive annual farming is the …… agricultural system. a- weak b- dominant c- valueless d- unimportant 3. The characters are all …… and speak Spanish in addition to English. a- multilingual b- multicultural c- bilingual d- monolingual 4. Plus learning words like 'welcome' in different languages can be your first step into becoming …… a- monolingual b- multicultural c- bilingual d- multilingual 5. He was discovered living under an assumed …… in South Egypt. a- equality b- identity c- quantity d- difference 6. Command of the …… is the most distinguishing mark of an educated man or woman. a- mother tongue b- custom c- identity d- belief 7. During a gale a slight shacking is …… on the bridge itself and from the shore. a- hidden b- secrete c- noticeable d- ambiguous 8. In a …… society we need to show respect for the sensibilities of others. a- multilingual b- monolingual c- multicultural d- bilingual 9. The discovery of oil brought many …… to the town. a- disadvantages b- losses c- drawbacks d- benefits 10. She suffered …… loss of vision after being struck on the head. She is well now. a- permanent b- temporary c- lasting d- long 11. Do not miss this …… opportunity to buy all six pans at half the recommended price. a- unknown b- common. c- unique d- hidden 12. Over the hilltop is …… an ancient monument. a- fixed b- seated c- located d- sit 13. The front passengers were lucky to …… the horrible accident. a- survive b- die c- get d- vanish 14. The health of our children is being …… by exhaust fumes. a- defended b- endangered c- covered d- protected 15. The causes of social distress …… inadequate housing. a- contain b- consist c- enclose d- include 16. Children who feel disconnected feel …… and insecure. a- associated b- safe c- isolated d- united 17. The chairman failed in trying to persuade the committee to …… his opinion. a- agree b- divide c- share d- speak 18. These mountains have stood since the time of our …… and are still visible as before. a- ancestors b- descendants c- grandchildren d- authors 19. She saw them …… on the station platform before he set off for Istanbul. a- embrace b- enclose c- reject d- consist 15 20. Swimming is my …… form of exercise. I always do it. a- favour b- favourite c- favourably d- flavour 21. The media has a powerful …… on public opinion. a- character b- prestige c- influence d- power 22. The successful candidate will be …… in French and German. a- hard b- lazy c- unready d- fluent 23. It's Dad's birthday and we're going out for a meal to ……. a- celebrate b- disgrace c- respect d- elaborate 24. An eight-hour working day is still …… for many people. a- boring b- typical c- national d- abnormal 25. The …… of the new legislation has been greatly overstated. a- separation b- impact c- collection d- isolation 26. The documentary presented us with a …… view of the issue. All opinions are equal. a- unbalanced b- measured c- biased d- balanced 27. There's …… in our office that when it's somebody's birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. a- belief b- faith c- tradition d- fact 28. They consider that old building to be an important part of region's …… a- heritage b- inheritance c- concept d- degree 29. They usually ask interviewees to perform a few simple …… on the computer just to test their aptitude. a- events b- masks c- tasks d- careers 30. This letter is really …… to her because it's the last one that her husband wrote before he died. a- trivial b- precious c- valueless d- worthless 31. Lighting is a vitally important …… of film-making. It's a part of the situation. a- line b- aspect c- population d- qualification 32. Children with single parents at my school were very much in the ……. There were very few. a- minority b- majority c- calculation d- importance 33. He leant over to …… the orphan child. He held him tightly to express sympathy. a- enclose b- consist c- reject d- embrace 34. They spoke in Nubian ……. They have their own language. a- diary b- dial c- dialect d- diameter 35. Her appointment will fill the …… created when the marketing manager left. a- hole b- tunnel c- corridor d- gap 36. Ramy's face went pale and he looked as if he might …… a- retrain b- swim c- paint d- faint 37. He just opened the door as usual and the …… came away in his hand. a- palm b- handle c- fuse d- hand 38. The gang had …… him up to the bed and stole his apartment. a- tied b- wired c- separated d- enclosed 39. The wind was strong, so they had to …… the ferry back home. a- raw b- swim c- dive d- row 40. That jacket's too …… you want a bigger size. a- baggy b- right c- tight d- wide 41. Don't …… your appetite by eating sweets between meals. a- spell b- split c- spoil d- save 42. …… the wound to reduce the risk of infection. a- Bandage b- Cut c- Wrap d- Tie 43. When they tried to cross the ……, their shoes sank into the soft ground. a- bridge b- marsh c- march d- mass 44. Having no children of their own they decided to adopt a/an …… whose parents had died. a- infant b- toddler c- adult d- orphan 45. They have no children of their own, but they're hoping to …… one. a- arrest b- adapt c- adopt d- kidnap 46. He could be jailed for five years as a …… for living off illegal earnings. a- collector b- convict c- lawyer d- guide 47. Five months ago he was …… on a shoplifting charge. He was not guilty. a- sentenced b- charged c- accused d- acquitted 48. He has admitted committing several crimes, including two …… a- championships b- prizes c- awards d- murders 49. The passengers are requested to remain …… during takeoff. a- seated b- moved c- stood d- produced 50. …… means occupying or being in a commanding or elevated position. a- Identical b- Employable c- Dominant d- Surprising 51. …… means relating to or including several cultures. a- Bilingual b- Multicultural c- Monolingual d- Multilingual 52. …… means spoken, written, or containing similar information in two different languages. a- Monolingual b- Multilingual c- Language d- Bilingual 53. …… means spoken or written in several or many languages. a- Multilingual b- Monolingual c- Multicultural d- Bilingual 16 54. To …… is to become unconscious for a short time, usually falling down. a- paint b- faint c- grow d- draw 55. …… is when clothes or shoes that are too closely and uncomfortable. a- Tight b- Right c- Baggy d- Wide 56. To tie a sheet of cloth around an injury means to …… it. a- wire b- rope c- connect d- bandage 57. What influenced you to choose a career in teaching? The synonym of the word influenced i