Summary

This document provides an introduction to rolling stock, a generic term for any wheeled vehicle running on rails. It details the critical components and functions of different types of rolling stock used for passenger and freight transport. The document also discusses the differences between rolling stock and trains.

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9/28/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING TOPIC No.1: INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK PUP Departments of...

9/28/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING TOPIC No.1: INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK PUP Departments of CIVIL ENGINEERING RAILWAY ENGINEERING DCVET & DREMT 1 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Session Objectives 1. Describe basic concepts and principles of Rolling Stocks in railway transportation. 2. Identify the important parts and components of Rolling Stocks. 2 1 9/28/24 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING What is a Rolling Stock? 1. Any wheeled vehicle that runs on rails. 2. One of the most important components of a railway system. 3. Transports passengers and goods safely. 3 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING ROLLING STOCK The GENERIC TERM used in the railway industry to denote anything on rail wheels. These may be powered or unpowered vehicles used on a railroad. 4 2 9/28/24 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING WHAT ROLLING STOCKS MUST BE ABLE TO DO? 1. Ferry – must be able to ferry or contain passengers and/or goods. 5 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING WHAT ROLLING STOCKS MUST BE ABLE TO DO? 2. Protect – passengers and/or goods must be protected. 6 3 9/28/24 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING WHAT ROLLING STOCKS MUST BE ABLE TO DO? 3. Drive – they must be able to accelerate and overcome aerodynamic friction, rolling resistance, as well as gradient resistance. 7 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING WHAT ROLLING STOCKS MUST BE ABLE TO DO? 4. Brake – they must be able to brake and stop even on a downward slope. 8 4 9/28/24 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING WHAT ROLLING STOCKS MUST BE ABLE TO DO? 5. Sense – they must be able to receive information Balise, ATP, Trip- Clock). 9 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING WHAT ROLLING STOCKS MUST BE ABLE TO DO? 6. Actuate – they must operate /actuate axle counters and track circuits. 10 5 9/28/24 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING HOW ROLLING STOCKS DIFFER FROM TRAINS? A train is a series or succession of vehicles travelling in the same direction. 11 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING What are the different types of rolling stock? ACCORDING TO PURPOSE Passengers Transport Freight Transport ○ EMU- Electric Multiple Units Freight cars or wagons ○ DMU- Diesel Multiple Units ○ Coaches, carriages or passenger cars, Other types of Rolling Carrying other vehicles Stock: (Locomotives) ○ Bullet trains ○ Electric ○ Maglev trains ○ Steam ○ Automated Guideway ○ Diesel Transit- AGT ○ Monorail Train 12 6 9/28/24 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Passenger Transport Electric Multiple unit Diesel Multiple Unit Coaches Rolling stock that is moved by A diesel multiple unit or DMU is a multiple- Coaches are rolling stock consisting electricity using current collectors. unit train powered by on-board.diesel en- of passenger cars without a power gines. unit. 13 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Carrying other Vehicles (Locomotives) An Electric locomotive is a A diesel locomotive is a type A steam locomotive is a locomotive powered by electricity locomotive whose primary of railway locomotive in from overhead lines, a third rail or power source is a steam on-board energy storage such as a which the prime mover is a engine. battery or a supercapacitor diesel engine. 14 7 9/28/24 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Wagons Are unpowered railway vehicles that are used for the transportation of cargo. 15 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING What are the different types of rolling stock? ACCORDING TO MOTIVE POWER Motive Powers Electric Diesel Steam None Merits Demerits Types Passenger Electric Multiple Diesel Multiple - Coaches Comfort and Accessibility Lack of flexibility Transport unit Unit Reduced traffic congestion Lack of door-to- Increases mobility door services Dependable Huge capital outlay Cheaper Transport Safety Large capacity Carrying Electric Diesel Steam Capable of hauling passenger Cannot run into other vehicles Locomotive Locomotive Locomotive cars, coaches reverse Freight - - - Wagon More environmentally Cannot run without Transport friendly being haul by locomotives 16 8 9/28/24 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING EXISTING ROLLING STOCKS 17 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING LRT Line-1 System 1st Generation (1984 Class 1000) The first-generation train set is a class of high- floor LRV that first entered service under the Light Rail Transit Authority in 1984. 18 9 9/28/24 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING LRT Line-1 System 1st Generation (1984 Class 1000) 19 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING LRT Line-1 System 2nd Generation (1999 Class 1100) The second-generation was manufactured by a South Korean company Hyundai Precision and Adtranz. Utilizes AC traction motors. 20 10 9/28/24 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING LRT Line-1 System 2nd Generation (1999 Class 1100) 21 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING LRT Line-1 System 3rd Generation (2007 Class 1200) Over 48 vehicles were built by two Japanese manufacturers Kinki Sharyo and Nippon Sharyo. On December 9, Japanese Prime Minister and former Philippine President attended the handover ceremony of 1200 series in order to enhance transportation capacity of the Manila LRT Line 1. 22 11 9/28/24 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING LRT Line-1 System 3rd Generation (2007 Class 1200) 23 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING LRT Line-1 System 4th Generation Purchased in 2017 as part of the south extension (2023 Class 13000) of the line, the trains entered service in July 2023 to replace the aging first-generation 1000 class trains. It is the first LRV in the system with 5 digits in the body number due to the class fleet exceeding 99 units, in comparison to the older fleet. 24 12 9/28/24 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING LRT Line-1 System 4th Generation (2023 Class 13000) 25 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING LRT Line-2 System The LRTA Class 2000 is an electric multiple 2003 Class 2000 unit of Light Rail Transit Authority (LRTA) in Manila, Philippines, which began operation in 2003. The trains were manufactured by Hyundai Rotem, and the electric products were made by Toshiba. A total of 72 cars were built between 2002 and 2003. 26 13 9/28/24 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING LRT Line-2 System 2003 Class 2000 27 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING MRT Line-3 System 1st Generation (1999 Class 3000) 73 light rail vehicles (LRV) made in Czech Republic by CKD Tatra in a three-car configuration with a capacity of 1,182 passengers. 28 14 9/28/24 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING MRT Line-3 System 1st Generation (1999 Class 3000) 29 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING MRT Line-3 System 2nd Generation (2016 Class 3100) Dalian Train, is the class of second- generation uni-directional light rail vehicles built in China by CNR Dalian, now CRRC Dalian. 30 15 9/28/24 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING MRT Line-3 System 2nd Generation (2016 Class 3100) 31 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING 32 16 9/28/24 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Class 1000 MC M M MC Class 1100 MC M M MC Class 1200 MC M M MC Class 1300 - Drive Axles (Motor Bogie) MC - Motorized Car with Driver’s Cab - Neutral Axles (Trailer Bogie) M - Motorized Car 33 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Class 2000 ← Going to Recto Going to Antipolo → MC M1 M2 MC 1 2 Legend: - Drive Axles (Motor Bogie) MC - Motorized Car with Driver’s Cab - Neutral Axles (Trailer Bogie) M - Motorized Car 34 17 9/28/24 ROLLING STOCK INTRODUCTION TO ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Class 3000 A B C A B C C B A Class 3100 A B C A B C C B A Legend: - Drive Axles (Motor Bogie) A - Car Section with Driver’s Cab - Neutral Axles (Trailer Bogie) B - Car Section C - Car Section with Hostler’s Control 35 18 10/7/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING TOPIC No.2: BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS PUP Departments of CIVIL ENGINEERING RAILWAY ENGINEERING DCVET & DREMT 1 ROLLING STOCK OVERVIEW OF ROLLING STOCKS ENGINEERING Session Objectives At the end of this session, the students shall be able to: 1. Explain the causes of train resistances. 2. Discuss the different types of train resistances. 3. Compute for the train resistances. 2 1 10/7/24 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING RESISTANCE TO MOTION 3 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING What is Train Resistance? Train resistance refers to the forces that oppose the motion of a train as it moves along a track. These forces must be overcome by the train's propulsion system (typically an engine or traction motor) in order to maintain or increase speed. 4 2 10/7/24 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING What is Train Resistance? 5 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY The Cause of Resistance Resistance due to friction is caused by the rail-wheel interaction on account of the movement of metal wheels on a metal rail. 6 3 10/7/24 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY The Cause of Resistance Resistance due to friction is the resistance generated by the friction between the internal parts of the train that is moving. Internal resistance is consequential to the movement of the various parts of the train. 7 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY The Cause of Resistance The railway track condition adds a factor in the resistance of a running train. Dips and ups in the railway track add to the resistance that a train is experiencing especially when the scale is too many and scattered. 8 4 10/7/24 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY The Cause of Resistance When a train runs on an upward gradient, it needs extra effort in order to move against the pull of gravity, but when a train runs upward at the same time with the condition running on a curve, the train needs more than the extra effort required than running on a rising gradient alone. 9 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY The Cause of Resistance When a train speeds up, resistance due to air or wind starts to develop as the train progresses forward. 10 5 10/7/24 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Types of Train Resistance Resistance Starting Running Gradient Curve Tunnel Causes Friction Friction Friction between Friction between Friction between between Whee between Internal Wheel and rail Wheel and rail Wheel and rail l and rail Vehicle parts Friction between axle Friction between axle Friction between axle Friction Friction between and bearing and bearing and bearing between axle axle and bearing Air/Wind Drag Air/Wind Drag Air/Wind Drag and bearing Air/Wind Drag Lateral movement Lateral movement Wayside and vibration and vibration Equipment Railway track Railway track condition condition Air/Wind drag Underground Railway track Railway track Railway track Equipment condition condition condition 11 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Types of Train Resistance STARTING RESISTANCE. It is the initial force by the train to overcome the inertia, the low temperature of the bearing and the tightening of the couplers. 12 6 10/7/24 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Types of Train Resistance Starting Resistance: 𝑅! = 𝑟! 𝑤𝑛 Rs is the starting resistance, w is the mass per railcar, 𝑅! = 𝑟! 𝑊 n is the number of railcars, and rs is the starting resistance per ton which is 30 N/t constant. W is wn, mass per car multiplied by the number of cars 13 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Types of Train Resistance Rs = rs w n rs = 30 n/t Starting Resistance: W = 40 t n = 4 cars Example: Find the starting resistance of a Rs = 30 x 40 x 4 Rs = 4,800 N four-car train with a mass of 40 tons for each car including the passengers. 14 7 10/7/24 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Types of Train Resistance RUNNING RESISTANCE. Running resistance is the resistance generated when a train is running on a straight and flat surface. 15 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Types of Train Resistance RUNNING RESISTANCE. Running resistance per ton weight. 16 8 10/7/24 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Types of Train Resistance Where: Rr is the Running resistance (N/t). V is the train speed (km/h). A is the resistance which is specific to a railcar such as the frictional drag between axle and bearings, and the frictional drag between the machine parts (N/t). 17 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Types of Train Resistance Where: BV is the resistance that is proportional to speed, such as the frictional drag between the wheel tread and the rail, and the aerodynamic drag generated at the side of the railcar (N/t). CV2 is the resistance that is proportional to the square of the speed, such as the aerodynamic drag generated at the front and rear of the railcar, and the strong shaking resistance when running through a tunnel (N/t). 18 9 10/7/24 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Types of Train Resistance Example 1: Determine the running resistance of the train in PUP line if Rr = A + BV + CV2 (including the train mass) with the given data: A = 1.645 B = 0.0396 C = 0.000701 V = 60 km/hr 19 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Types of Train Resistance Solution: Rr = A + BV + CV2 Rr = 1.645 + 0.0396 (60) + 0.000701 (60)2 Rr = 6.5446 N/t 20 10 10/7/24 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Types of Train Resistance GRADIENT RESISTANCE. When a train runs up a gradient, the gravitational pull of earth affects its motion on the tracks including the different resistance forces and friction. 𝑅! = 𝑊 sin 𝜃 = 9.8 𝑊𝑖 𝒓𝒈 = 𝟗. 𝟖𝒊 21 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Types of Train Resistance There are three possible cases where the length of the section of the gradient is greater than the length of the train set. The head end of the train set is on the gradient section and the tail end of the train set is in the flat section of the tracks. The whole train set is on the gradient section. The head end of the train set is on the flat section and the tail end of the train set is on the gradient section. 22 11 10/7/24 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Types of Train Resistance Also, there are cases that the gradient section is less than the length of the train set. The head end and the tail end of the train set is on the flat sections of the track while the middle part of the train set is on the gradient section The head and tail end of the train set is on the gradient sections while the middle part of the train set is on the flat section of the tracks. 23 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Types of Train Resistance CURVE RESISTANCE. Curve resistance is the greater frictional drag between the wheel tread and the rail when a train is running on a curve. 24 12 10/7/24 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Types of Train Resistance Curve Resistance Formula Rc = 600 / r x 9.8 Rc = 5880 / r Where: Rc is the curve resistance per ton r is the curve radius 25 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Types of Train Resistance Example 1: Find the curve resistance when the curve radius is 300 m. Solution: Rc = 5880 / r = 5880 / 300 = 19.6 N/t 26 13 10/7/24 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Types of Train Resistance Example 2: When the curve radius is 1500 m, Determine the curve resistance of a running train. Solution: Rc = 5880 / r = 5880 / 1500 = 3.92 N/t 27 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Types of Train Resistance EQUIVALENT GRADIENT In a condition when the train runs where curve and gradient are combined the resistance is called equivalent gradient. 28 14 10/7/24 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Types of Train Resistance The train resistance where the presence of curve and gradient is combined is the sum of each resistances. Curve resistance may be combined with gradient resistance as an equivalent gradient. Since the gradient and curve are combined, rcg is the gradient resistance per ton. 29 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Types of Train Resistance 𝑟"# = 𝑟" ± 𝑟# = 9.8𝑖′ where i’ is the equivalent gradient. 30 15 10/7/24 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Types of Train Resistance 5800 ( ) ± 9.8𝑖 𝑖′ = 𝑟 9.8 31 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Types of Train Resistance Example 1: Compute for the equivalent gradient with ascending gradient of 35 ‰ accompanied by a curve with a radius of 100 m. Solution: i’ = (Rc ± Rg) / 9.8. i’= (5880/r ± 9.8 i) / 9.8 i’= (5880/100 ± 9.8 x 35) / 9.8 i’= 41 % 32 16 10/7/24 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Exercise 1 Compute the train resistance of the running train on a rising gradient of 35‰ accompanied by a curve with a radius of 300 m at a constant speed. The running resistance is constant at 50 N/t. 33 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Exercise 2 Compute the train resistance of a four-car train set with a mass of 40 ton for each car including the passengers. 34 17 10/7/24 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Exercise 3 Compute for the train resistance of an 8-car train composed of 4 motor cars and 4 trailer cars. The mass of the motor car is 35 ton/car, the trailer car mass 25 ton/car, the mass of the passengers is 5 ton/car. The standard value for starting resistance is used. What is the tractive effort needed per motor car during start-up? 35 ROLLING STOCK BASICS OF TRAIN DYNAMICS ENGINEERING TECHNOLOGY Exercise 4 Determine the train resistance per ton and the train resistance of the whole train set and take account of the mass when the train is running on ascending gradient of 25‰ accompanied by a curve with a curve radius of 200m. assuming that the running resistance per ton is 50N/t and the train mass is 200t. 36 18 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING TOPIC No.4: ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM PUP Departments of CIVIL ENGINEERING RAILWAY ENGINEERING DCVET & DREMT 1 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM OBJECTIVES: At the end of this session, the students are expected to: 1. Discuss the importance of rolling stock brakes. 2. Explain the functions and working principles of the different types of brakes. 3. Differentiate the different brakes according to operational requirements. PUP Departments of CIVIL ENGINEERING RAILWAY ENGINEERING 4. Compute for the braking effort. DCVET & DREMT 2 1 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE ROLLING STOCK BRAKING SYSTEM? DOTr-MRT3 runaway train incident on 13 August 2014. (Inquirer.Net, 2014) The brake system enables the rolling stock to decelerate to a desired speed within a certain time or distance, control acceleration (downhill), or to keep them immobile when parked. (Sharma, Dhingra, & Pathak, 2015) 3 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM EARLY BRAKES Stopping a moving train is a perennial problem with various solutions throughout history. In the early days of rail travel, brake Illustration of the early steam braking device for Steam Locomotive systems were simple or even non- (Hasegawa & Uchida, 1999) existent. 4 2 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM EARLY BRAKES It was the job of brake men to walk the length of the train and apply brakes in each car through the hand brakes. Brakeman winding the handbrake equipment on a box car. (Industrial History, 2015) 5 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM AIR BRAKE SYSTEM The air brake is the standard, fail-safe, train brake used by railways all over the world. It is based on the simple physical properties of compressed air. 6 3 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM STRAIGHT AIR BRAKE SYSTEM It performs poorly on long trains because it takes time for the compressed air to travel to the car furthest from the locomotive, resulting in uneven brake application and release. 7 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM AUTOMATIC AIR BRAKE SYSTEM In an automatic air brake system, air is supplied from the main reservoir and stored in a reservoir on each individual car (auxiliary reservoir), connected by a brake pipe. 8 4 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM AUTOMATIC AIR BRAKE SYSTEM. Illustration of How Air Brakes Work (Olsen, 2019) 9 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM TYPES OF BRAKES The application of brakes is based on a command. This command is given by a train operator (manual) or by the various systems that regulates the movement of the train (automatic). It is then translated into a brake demand that will be compensated by brake effort that will be applied by the brake system. 10 5 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM TYPES OF BRAKES -Service Brake Service brake is the brake used to regularly decelerate or stop the train. The braking force (effort) can be adjusted as desired by the operator using the master control handle. A typical Master Control Handle with 7-steps for service (normal) braking and the 8th step (end position) for emergency braking. (Philippine Railways Institute, 2024) 11 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM TYPES OF BRAKES -Emergency Brake Emergency brake is used for sudden stops. Emergency brake is the instantaneous application of the maximum or highest braking force (effort) available to stop the train in the shortest time and distance A typical Master Control Handle with 7-steps for service (normal) braking and the 8th possible. step (end position) for emergency braking. (Philippine Railways Institute, 2024) 12 6 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM TYPES OF BRAKES -Emergency Brake A sample of Rolling Stock Brake System layout (Gonzales, 2024) 13 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM TYPES OF BRAKES -Parking Brake Parking brake is used to hold or prevent movement of a rolling stock or a train when it is stopped, stabled, or parked. When using the parking brake, the brake effort shall be strong enough to hold the train even when it is loaded and should remain in stand still even when stopped along a slope to ensure a safe condition. 14 7 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM TYPES OF BRAKES -Parking Brake Parking brake is used to hold or prevent movement of a rolling stock or a train when it is stopped, stabled, or parked. When using the parking brake, the brake effort shall be strong enough to hold the train even when it is loaded and should remain in stand still even when stopped along a slope to ensure a safe condition. 15 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM TYPES OF BRAKES -Parking Brake 16 8 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM TYPES OF BRAKES -Safety Brake Following the standard of other countries to guarantee rolling stock safety, rolling stocks are required to have a safety brake. The safety brake acts as a fail-safe mechanism to ensure that the train can be brought to a stop even when other braking systems fail. It is the last resort for stopping the train using a simple switch. 17 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM TYPES OF BRAKES Incident/Situation Brakes Applied Main Reservoir air pressure level drops below Emergency Brake normal. Main Reservoir air pressure level is at critical level Parking Brake (lower limit to 0). Signal Passed at Danger (SPAD) Emergency Brake Maximum Service Brake or Dead-man’s Device or Vigilance System penalty Emergency Brake Passenger activation of the emergency door release Maximum Service Brake or mechanism Emergency Brake Activation of Security Brake Trip Safety Brake 18 9 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM ELECTRIC BRAKING One of the braking systems used by electric trains is electrical dynamic braking or electrodynamic braking. In electrodynamic braking, the traction motors of the rolling stock are converted into braking generators. Electro-dynamic braking can be either of the two – rheostatic or regenerative (Hasegawa & Uchida, Braking System, 1999) 19 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM Principles of Electrical Braking (Hasegawa & Uchida, Braking Systems, 1999) 20 10 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM ELECTRIC BRAKING -Rheostatic Braking In rheostatic braking, the generated electricity is fed into an on-board resistor (brake resistor) and is dissipated as heat. 21 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM ELECTRIC BRAKING -Rheostatic Braking 22 11 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM ELECTRIC BRAKING -Regenerative Braking In regenerative braking, the generated electricity is fed back in the power supply distribution system. 23 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM ELECTRIC BRAKING -Regenerative Braking 24 12 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM ELECTRIC BRAKING -Regenerative Braking 25 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM ELECTRIC BRAKING -Eddy Current Brake This method of braking stops or slows the rotating disc by cutting through the magnetic line of an electromagnet. 26 13 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM ELECTRIC BRAKING -Eddy Current Brake 27 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM ELECTRIC BRAKING -Electro Magnetic Braking Magnetic brakes are often used as emergency brakes due to their ability to provide rapid and powerful braking, but they can also be used for regular braking depending on the system design. 28 14 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM ELECTRIC BRAKING -Electro Magnetic Braking Figure 13. MRT3 Gen 1 Bogie with Magnetic Track Brakes (Yellow Line supplied). (DOTr-MRT3, 2024) 29 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM ELECTRIC BRAKING -Electro Magnetic Braking 30 15 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM MECHANICAL BRAKE SYSTEM Mechanical brake system (friction brake) is essential for safe and reliable braking of rolling stocks. It is a type of braking system that utilizes frictional resistance between brake pads or shoes and a rotating surface (brake discs or the wheel itself) to slow down or stop a train. 31 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM MECHANICAL BRAKES -Wheel-Tread Brake System Tread brake directly applies friction to the surface of the wheel tread. Wheel-Tread Brake System typical configuration. (Hasegawa & Uchida, Braking Systems, 1999) 32 16 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM MECHANICAL BRAKES -Wheel-Tread Brake System Tread brake directly applies friction to the surface of the wheel tread. Wheel-Tread Brake System typical configuration. (Hasegawa & Uchida, Braking Systems, 1999) 33 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM MECHANICAL BRAKES -Axle-Mounted Disc Brake System Disc Brake involves brake pads pressing against a rotating disc attached to the axle. Axle-Mounted Disc Brake System configuration. (Hasegawa & Uchida, Braking Systems, 1999) 34 17 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM MECHANICAL BRAKES -Wheel-Mounted Disc Brake System Disc Brake involves brake pads pressing against a rotating disc attached to the axle. Wheel-Mounted Disc Brake System configuration. (Hasegawa & Uchida, Braking Systems, 1999) 35 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM PNEUMATIC BRAKING Pneumatic brakes, also known as air brakes, is a type of friction braking system that rely on compressed air for braking force. When pneumatic brakes are activated, the tread brake or disc brake on the rolling stock is engaged by compressed air. 36 18 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM PNEUMATIC BRAKING -Air Compressor The air compressor generates compressed or pressurized air which is the source of energy for the pneumatic braking system. Air Compressor of the 4th Generation LRT1 Rolling Stock. (Light Rail Manila Corporation (LRMC), 2024) 37 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM PNEUMATIC BRAKING -Main Air Reservoir The main reservoir (MR) is an air storage tank that is used to hold compressed air. Rolling stock main air reservoir. (Railway Brakes, 2020) 38 19 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM PNEUMATIC BRAKING -Brake Cylinder The brake cylinder operates the tread or disc brakes. Air is admitted into the brake cylinder to press the brake pads on the disc, or the brake shoe on the wheel tread. 39 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM PNEUMATIC BRAKING -Brake Pads or Brake Shoes The brake pads are devices that slow or stop a wheel by being pressed directly against brake disc. On the other hand, the brake shoes are pressed directly against the wheel tread. Worn-out and brand-new brake shoes in Ayase Workshop, Tokyo Metro. (Tokyo Metro, 2022) 40 20 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM BRAKE CONTROL Brakes must function on every car at the same moment and the exact required force. Since the driver cannot directly apply specific forces to each axle or bogie, the brake control systems must incorporate several intelligent functions. 41 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM BRAKE CONTROL -Brake Command Systems The timing and the braking force are controlled by an electrical command system or an air command system. 42 21 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM Brake Control Unit (BCU) System. (Hasegawa & Uchida, Braking Systems, 1999) 43 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM BLENDING OF BRAKES Blending of brakes or “brake blending” in railways refers to the coordinated use of different types of braking systems to achieve optimal braking performance. 44 22 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM BLENDING OF BRAKES Legend: Motor Axle Trailer Axle M – Motor Car / Vehicle T – Trailer Car / Vehicle Tc – Trailer Controller Vehicle / Car with Driver’s Cabin 45 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM BLENDING OF BRAKES-Full Dynamic (Regenerative) Brake 46 23 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM BLENDING OF BRAKES-Full Dynamic (Regenerative) Brake 47 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM BLENDING OF BRAKES- Regenerative + Pneumatic Brakes 48 24 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM BLENDING OF BRAKES- Regenerative + Pneumatic Brakes 49 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM BLENDING OF BRAKES- Insufficient Regenerative Brake 50 25 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM BLENDING OF BRAKES- Insufficient Regenerative Brake 51 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM TRAIN CONTROL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 52 26 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM TRAIN CONTROL MANAGEMENT SYSTEM 53 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM WHEEL SLIP AND WHEEL SLIDE PROTECTION (WSP) 54 27 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK BRAKE SYSTEM WHEEL SLIP AND WHEEL SLIDE PROTECTION (WSP) 55 28 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING TOPIC No.5: ROLLING STOCK DOOR SYSTEM PUP Departments of CIVIL ENGINEERING RAILWAY ENGINEERING DCVET & DREMT 1 ROLLING STOCK DOOR SYSTEM 2 1 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK DOOR SYSTEM 3 ROLLING STOCK DOOR SYSTEM 4 2 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK DOOR SYSTEM 5 ROLLING STOCK DOOR SYSTEM 6 3 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK DOOR SYSTEM WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE ROLLING STOCK DOOR SYSTEM? Train doors serve as the primary interface between passengers and trains, facilitating boarding and disembarking. While essential for passenger movement, they can sometimes malfunction, leading to accidents with varying degrees of severity. (Gonzales, 2022) Passengers boarding the train in LRT Line 2 system. (Inquirer.Net, 2023) 7 ROLLING STOCK DOOR SYSTEM WHAT IS THE FUNCTION OF THE ROLLING STOCK DOOR SYSTEM? Rolling stock door systems are designed to prevent various safety hazards, including trains departing with open doors, passenger entry or exit while the train is in motion, and injuries caused by closing doors. (Gonzales, 2022). An image taken from a video posted by Jason Ibe shows an LRT-1 2nd Generation train running with its door open. (The Philippine Star, 2017) 8 4 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK DOOR SYSTEM OBJECTIVES: At the end of this session, the students are expected to: 1. Recognize the importance of the rolling stock door system to the railway operations. 2. Identify the different types of train doors. 3. Explain the working principles of the various door sub- components and parts. PUP Departments of CIVIL ENGINEERING RAILWAY ENGINEERING 4. Compute for the design of train doors. DCVET & DREMT 9 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING DEVELOPMENT OF ROLLING STOCK DOORS PUP Departments of CIVIL ENGINEERING RAILWAY ENGINEERING DCVET & DREMT 10 5 11/22/24 ROLLING STOCK DOOR SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT OF ROLLING STOCK DOORS 1825 Stockton & Darlington Railroad First, railway coaches did not have doors and ceilings, but doors were later added due to longer operating hours and fast speeds along the journey. Centennial celebrations of the Stockton & Darlington Railway in England showing their rolling stock without windows nor doors, 1925. (Britannica) 11 ROLLING STOCK DOOR SYSTEM DEVELOPMENT OF ROLLING STOCK DOORS 1830 COMPARTMENT COACHES 1887 SWING DOORS 1896 SLIDING DOORS 1920 MECHANICAL POWERED AUTOMATIC DOORS 1930 OBSTRUCTION DETECTION SYSTEM & DOOR INTERLOCKING SYSTEM 19602 DEPARTURE LOCKING SAFETY SYSTEM 12 6 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING TYPE OF PASSENGER TRAIN DOORS PUP Departments of CIVIL ENGINEERING RAILWAY ENGINEERING DCVET & DREMT 13 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING TYPES OF PASSENGER DOORS Slam Door This door was the earliest technology for doors when passenger cars were made for railways. The reason behind the name is because of the distinctive sound created when passengers slam the doors to close it. It was designed before the introduction of automatic doors in railway carriages. PUP Departments of CIVIL ENGINEERING ScotRail trains with manually opened "slam doors". RAILWAY ENGINEERING (The Scotsman, 2018) DCVET & DREMT 14 7 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING TYPES OF PASSENGER DOORS Folding Doors The door is pulled by an actuator inside the vehicle and bends in two. This technology was devised to prevent the slam door, which opens the vehicle doors outward from colliding with other trains. PUP Departments of A Japanese rolling stock with folding doors. CIVIL ENGINEERING RAILWAY ENGINEERING DCVET & DREMT 15 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING TYPES OF PASSENGER DOORS Plug Doors In operation, plug doors will move perpendicular to the car body, then opens by moving parallel to the car body, powered by pneumatic or electric actuators. It can have either single or double panel configuration. PUP Departments of CIVIL ENGINEERING DOTr-MRT3 CKD Trains equipped with Plug Doors. RAILWAY ENGINEERING (GMA News Online, 2022) DCVET & DREMT 16 8 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING TYPES OF PASSENGER DOORS Pocket (Built-in) Sliding This is the type of door that is widely used in the electric-multiple units around the world. This door type is known for its space-efficient design. The leaves are opened by a synchronization belt, or a spindle and spindle nuts rotated by an electric motor. When a sliding door is fully opened, a pocket door fits LRT Line 1 fourth generation trains are equipped with pocket sliding doors. (The Philippine Star, 2023) into the gap in the wall adjacent to it. 17 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING TYPES OF PASSENGER DOORS Outside Hanging Sliding Door It has a door guideway installed on the outside of the vehicle. It has the simplest configuration with no complicated movements or door pockets; thus, it is also the easiest to maintain. Taipei, Taiwan's MRT C301 train equipped with outside hanging sliding door. 18 9 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING BASIC COMPONENTS OF TRAIN DOORS PUP Departments of CIVIL ENGINEERING RAILWAY ENGINEERING DCVET & DREMT 19 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Door Leaves/Panels The door panels are typically made of durable, lightweight materials that move to open and close the doorway. Door leaves for a sliding plug door design. (masats-llc, n.d.) 20 10 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Control Units Electronic or mechanical systems that control the operation of the door, such as opening and closing Door Control Units manage primary operational functions, safety functions sequences, safety interlocks, and (e.g. obstruction detection, spurious door opening protection) and data recording emergency override devices. for diagnostic and Condition-Based Maintenance of train doors locally. (Wabtec Corporation, n.d.) 21 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Audio-Visual Indicators WHAT ARE THE PURPOSE OF THESE INDICATORS? Door indicator lamps indicate door status. I.e. lighted means the door is open. 22 11 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Audio-Visual Indicators JAPAN CHIMES 23 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Obstruction Detection Device Its primary function is to detect if there are obstructions on the doors. The doors shall not lock and permit a closed-door indication if an obstruction is detected thus preventing any train movement. 24 12 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Obstruction Detection Device Some other train doors are equipped with push-back functions. The push-back function makes it possible to manually push back the door leaf. Even with the doors being fully locked, the door device can be opened to +/- 15mm. With this function, passengers can withdraw obstacles such as clothing. 25 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Obstruction Detection Device 26 13 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Door Seals Gaskets or seals that create a weatherproof barrier between the door leaves and the door frame, preventing drafts and ingress of water or dust. 27 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Door Isolation/Bypass Switch Its primary function is to allow the train operator to override the automatic opening and closing of the train door/s especially during door failure. When activated, depending on the orientation, the train door/s will not open when the opening command is given while it is closed, or it will not close when bypassed while open. 28 14 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Door Isolation/Bypass Switch Door isolation mechanism. The door isolation switch (in yellow) is turned using the crew key. A mechanical lock will latch on the door preventing it from opening while also integrated to the door circuitry system. 29 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Emergency Release Mechanism These are devices that allow passengers to manually open the doors in case of an emergency such as fire. PRI's Interior Door Emergency Release Handle. The equipment will manually put the door locking pin into its 'unlock' position. 30 15 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Door Drives The door driving system is the actuator that provides the power to move the door leaves. Basic prime mover system of train doors are pneumatics and electricity. Either pneumatic or electric, both system either uses a spindle shaft or transmission belt and pulley for the mechanical drive/linkage. 31 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Door Drives 32 16 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Door Drives The door driving system is the actuator that provides the power to move the door leaves. Basic prime mover system of train doors are pneumatics and electricity. Either pneumatic or electric, both system either uses a spindle shaft or transmission belt and pulley for the mechanical drive/linkage. 33 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Door Drives – Transmission Belt and Pulley The electric motor or the pneumatic cylinder are attached to the transmission pulley. It transmits the rotational movement to the transmission belt where the drive brackets holding the door panels are attached. 34 17 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Door Drives – Spindle Shaft The spindle shaft rotates and transfers the movement to the drive brackets through the spindle nuts. The door opposite opening motion is possible due to the right and left turn thread of the spindle shaft. 35 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Door Drives – Drive Brackets Drive brackets are mounted on the door panels and are responsible for securely transferring the spindle shaft’s motion to the door panels themselves. 36 18 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Door Drives – Pneumatic Driving System Pneumatic driven doors are opened and closed by the air cylinders using compressed air. When the cylinder piston moves, the force also moves a driving bracket which is attached to the synchronization belt or the spindle shaft. 37 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Door Drives – Pneumatic Driving System Illustration of pneumatic driving system with spindle shaft. (RailSystem.Net) 38 19 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Door Drives – Pneumatic Driving System 39 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Door Drives – Pneumatic Driving System Illustration of pneumatic driving system with transmission/synchronization belt and pulley. (RailSystem.Net) 40 20 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Door Drives – Pneumatic Driving System Illustration of the air flow process of pneumatic driven doors. 41 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Door Drives – Electric Driving System Electrical driven doors receive signals to open and close the door. When the electric motor moves, the spindle shaft or the belt rotates and transfers the movement to the drive brackets. It has accurate and sensitive operation for obstruction detection. Electric drive system has a shorter life span than pneumatic driven doors and were proven to have high maintenance cost. 42 21 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING COMPONENTS Door Drives – Electric Driving System Illustration of electric drive door assemblies using spindle shaft and synchronization belt. (RailSystem.Net) 43 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING DOOR GEAR ASSEMBLY PUP Departments of CIVIL ENGINEERING RAILWAY ENGINEERING DCVET & DREMT 44 22 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING PUP Departments of Illustration of the Door Gear Assembly manufacturedCIVIL by Fuji ENGINEERING electric and being used by the Philippine Railways Institute RAILWAY ENGINEERING and other Railway Lines. DCVET & DREMT 45 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operator Driving Motor It is the primary source of power to move (drive) the train doors for opening and closing function. A Permanent Magnet Synchronous Motor used for door operations 46 23 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operator Door Locking Device The door locking device prevents accidents caused by unintended or unexpected door opening while the train is in motion. A sample of the Door Locking Device composed of the Locking Pin, Limit Switches and a Solenoid. 47 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operator Door Locking Device 48 24 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operator Door Locking Device 49 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operator Door Locking Device For locking, the solenoid pin moves to the locking side by energizing a positive voltage to the solenoid Visual representation of the Door Locking Device in action during the locking phase, showcasing its movement and functionality. 50 25 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operator Door Locking Device 51 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operator For unlocking, the Door Locking Device solenoid pin moves to the unlocking side by energizing a negative voltage pulse to the solenoid (the lock pin rise and unlock from the hole). Visual representation of the Door Locking Device in action during the unlocking phase, showcasing its movement and functionality. 52 26 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operator Door Locking Device 53 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operator Door Locking Device 54 27 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operator Door Close Switch (DCS) & Door Lock Switch (DLS) The Door Close Switch is a limit switch or a type of sensor that detects and monitors the position of the train doors. The DCS confirms whether the doors are fully open or fully closed. 55 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operator Door Close Switch (DCS) & Door Lock Switch (DLS) Door Lock Switch detects whether the doors are locked or not. The exterior indicator light is connected to these two switches, through the LCU, and will not turn off until both are in close and locked position. 56 28 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operator Door Close Switch (DCS) & Door Lock Swithc (DLS) 57 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operator Local Control Unit The Door Control Unit (DCU) is the electronic nerve center of a door system that controls and monitors all components to ensure that they function properly while ensuring maximum safety, except when the manual emergency mechanism is used. 58 29 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operator Local Control Unit Zero speed/velocity signal Manual release signal Door open command signal Door close command signal Close reset signal Door close switch signal (DCS) Door lock switch (DLS) 59 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING DOOR OPERATION CONCEPT PUP Departments of CIVIL ENGINEERING RAILWAY ENGINEERING DCVET & DREMT 60 30 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operation Concept 61 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operation Concept 62 31 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operation Concept 63 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operation Concept 64 32 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operation Concept Opening of Doors The train operator presses the opening command, the signal is sent to the Door Control Unit. The Door Control Unit then processes this signal together with the other input signals that allows the safe opening of the train doors. 65 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operation Concept Opening of Doors If the condition for safe door opening is met, the DCU will provide power to the solenoid for unlocking. Then the door lock is released by the solenoid. Currently, the Door Lock Switch (DLS) is turned off. Lastly, the DCU will provide power to the motor that rotates a pinion. The door leaves will move toward fully open position. Currently, the Door Close Switch (DCS) is turned off. 66 33 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operation Concept Opening of Doors 67 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operation Concept Closing of Doors The closing command signal is sent to the DCU, and the door starts the door closing operation. The chime and warning lights will start for +/- 1 second before closing. The DCU provides power to the motor and the motor rotates the pinion. The door leaves start moving to fully closed position. When the door reached the change speed point, the DCU will slow down the closing speed of the door to reduce impact. 68 34 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operation Concept Closing of Doors DCS is turned ON when the door approaches the fully closed position. When the door leaf reaches fully closed position, the lock-pin of the locking device is inserted into the lock-hole and mechanically locks the door leaf at tis closed position. The DLS is then turned ON when the door is locked. 69 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operation Concept Closing of Doors 70 35 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operation Concept Obstacle Detection Operations During closing of the door leaves, if an obstacle is detected by the door closing speed decreasing below a threshold value, an obstacle detection signal is transmitted to the TCMS. An obstacle, sometimes, with a thickness of about 15mm can be detected. 71 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operation Concept Obstacle Detection Operations During closing of the door leaves, if an obstacle is detected by the door closing speed decreasing below a threshold value, an obstacle detection signal is transmitted to the TCMS. An obstacle, sometimes, with a thickness of about 15mm can be detected. 72 36 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operation Concept Obstacle Detection Operations 73 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operation Concept Obstacle Detection Operations 74 37 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING Door Operation Concept Obstacle Detection Operations 75 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING CASE STUDY PUP Departments of CIVIL ENGINEERING RAILWAY ENGINEERING DCVET & DREMT 76 38 11/22/24 RAEN 30083: ROLLING STOCK ENGINEERING

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