Illinois Before Early Statehood Study Guide PDF

1.​ Jacques Marquette: A French Jesuit missionary who, in 1673, alongside Louis Joliet, became one of the first Europeans to contact Native Americans in Illinois, mapping the Mississippi River and helping France expand its influence in the region. 2.​ Louis Joliet: A French-Canadian explorer w...

1.​ Jacques Marquette: A French Jesuit missionary who, in 1673, alongside Louis Joliet, became one of the first Europeans to contact Native Americans in Illinois, mapping the Mississippi River and helping France expand its influence in the region. 2.​ Louis Joliet: A French-Canadian explorer who partnered with Jacques Marquette in 1673 to explore the Mississippi River and the Illinois region, establishing contact with local Native Americans and searching for the Northwest Passage. 3.​ Illinois Confederacy: A group of Native American tribes, including the Kaskaskia and Peoria, who lived in Illinois before European contact. They were known for their farming and mound-building but were displaced due to colonization and disease. 4.​ Pontiac’s War: A 1763 rebellion led by Ottawa Chief Pontiac, uniting tribes against British rule in the Great Lakes region to resist land encroachment, significantly impacting British policies like the Proclamation of 1763. 5.​ Northwest Ordinance: A 1787 law that organized the Northwest Territory, including Illinois, establishing a path to statehood and banning slavery, shaping the political and social structure of the region. 6.​ Cahokia: An ancient Native American city near modern St. Louis, flourishing around 1050–1350 AD, significant for its large population, advanced agriculture, and monumental earthworks, which highlight the complexity of pre-Columbian societies. 7.​ Shadrach Bond: Illinois’ first governor (1818–1822), who governed from Kaskaskia, Illinois' first capital, and helped establish the state’s early government after achieving statehood. 8.​ René-Robert Cavelier, sieur de La Salle: A French explorer who claimed the Mississippi River Valley for France in 1682, expanding French territory and influence in North America. 9.​ Proclamation of 1763: A British decree prohibiting colonial settlement west of the Appalachian Mountains after the French and Indian War, aimed at reducing conflict with Native Americans. 10.​Vandalia: The second capital of Illinois, established in 1820, chosen to centralize government as the population grew and moved further north 1.​ What were the people of Illinois like prior to contact with Europeans? How did they get here? What caused their populations to decline/disappear?​ The Native Americans of Illinois, such as the Mound Builders, lived in organized societies with agriculture and large earthworks. They arrived through ancient migration routes like the Bering Land Bridge. European diseases, conflicts, and displacement caused their populations to decline. 2.​ Who were the first Europeans to come into contact with the Native Americans of Illinois? Why were they there? Why did the French continue to explore Illinois afterward?​ Jacques Marquette and Louis Joliet were the first Europeans to contact Illinois Native Americans in 1673 while exploring France to map the Mississippi River and find the Northwest Passage. The French continued exploring fur trade opportunities, resources, and strategic expansion. 3.​ Who was involved in the French and Indian War and what caused the war? Who eventually won the war and what did they gain? How did this impact Native Americans living in Illinois?​ The French, British, and Native American allies fought over land and fur trade dominance. The British won in 1763, gaining French territories like Illinois. Native Americans lost land and faced stricter British control. 4.​ What steps did Illinois have to do in order to become a state? Did they achieve these steps by reaching enough population? Why isn’t Chicago significant during this time?​ Illinois met the Northwest Ordinance’s population requirement of 60,000 to achieve statehood in 1818. Chicago was insignificant because it was a small settlement and had not yet become a major trade or population center.