GENELECT1 Living in the IT Era - St. John Paul II College of Davao PDF

ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached SIMPLIFIED COURSE PACK (SCP) FOR SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING GE...

ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached SIMPLIFIED COURSE PACK (SCP) FOR SELF-DIRECTED LEARNING GENELECT1 – Living in the IT Era This Simplified Course Pack (SCP) is a draft version only and may not be used, published or redistributed without the prior written consent of the Academic Council of SJPIICD. Contents of this SCP is only intended for the consumption of the students who are officially enrolled in the course/subject. Revision and modification process of this SCP are expected. SCP-GENELECT1 | 1  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached By 2023, a recognized professional institution providing quality, Vision economically accessible, and transformative education grounded on the teachings of St. John Paul II. Serve the nation by providing competent JPCean graduates through quality teaching and learning, transparent governance, holistic student services, Mission and meaningful community-oriented researches, guided by the ideals of St. John Paul II. Respect Hard Work Perseverance Core Values Self-Sacrifice Compassion Family Attachment Inquisitive Ingenious Innovative Graduate Attributes Inspiring Course Code/Title GENELECT1/Living in the IT Era This course familiarizes the students on the importance of science, culture Course Description and ethics information technology, its influence in modern living and human relationships, and uses for personal and social advancement. Course Requirement Final Assessment Time Frame 54 Hours “Based 40” Cumulative Averaging Grading System Grading System Periodical Grading = Attendance (5%) + Participation (15%) + Quiz (25%) + Exam (55%) Final-Final Grade = Prelim Grade (30%) + Midterm Grade (30%) + Final Grade (40%) Contact Details Dean/Program Head Karen Shane A. Priete (09662456713) SCP-GENELECT1 | 2  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Course Map Living in the IT Era - Simplified Course Pack (SCP) SCP-Topics: Prelim Period SCP- Topics: Midterm Period SCP- Topics: Final Period ICT in Modern Society Week Week 1 Week 7 Presentation Software Spreadsheet Software 13 Navigating the Computer Week 8 Digital Revolution Week Week 2 Digital Globalization 14 Computer History and Week 3 Evolution Week 9 Digital Mind Week Digital Innovation 15 Week Week Week 4 Word Processing Software Digital Ethics Digital Art 10 16 Week Week Week 5 The Internet and the Web Intellectual Property Emerging Technologies 11 17 Preliminary Examination Week Midterm Examination Week Final Examination Week 6 12 18 Course Outcomes 1. Explain the different discoveries and inventions in all ages and generations of computer, understanding the history of the internet, and working with teams or individual to experience to live in this IT era. 2. Understand the social, cultural, and economic consequences of new communication technologies and to encourage critical thinking about “new media” generally. 3. Learn to analyze the evolving information ecology as it affects the modern living and human relationships for personal and social advancement. SCP-GENELECT1 | 3  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Welcome Aboard! This course covers the rise of information and communication technologies, such as computers, software, telecommunications, and the internet, and their significant impact on society. It aims to provide an understanding of the relevance of ICT in contemporary times and its influence on various aspects of daily life. SCP-TOPICS: PRELIM PERIOD TOPICS Week 1 ICT in Modern Society Lesson Title Introduction ICT in the Modern Era Understand the definition of Information and Communications Technology (ICT), gain an overview of what Learning Outcome(s) it means to live in the IT era, and develop a basic understanding of ICT concepts. At SJPIICD, I Matter! LEARNING INTENT! Terms to Ponder This section defines important terms used in the Living in the IT Era course pack. If you come across difficult terms, refer back to this section for clarification. ICT Infrastructure: The underlying physical or virtual infrastructure that enables the use of digital technologies such as computers, networks, and communication systems. Digital Divide: The gap between those who have access to digital technologies and those who do not, leading to inequality in opportunities for education, employment, and social engagement. Ethical Implications: The potential consequences of using technology that may be morally right or wrong, and how they may affect society and individuals. Digital Literacy: The ability to use digital technologies to access, evaluate, and create information. This includes basic computer and Internet skills, as well as more advanced skills such as coding and digital media production. Proficient: Having or showing a high degree of skill or expertise in a particular area Inclusion: The act of making sure that everyone feels welcomed and valued, regardless of their background or characteristics. SCP-GENELECT1 | 4  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Adept: Meaning highly skilled or proficient, as in "Millennials are adept at adapting to new technology." Cohort: Refers to a group of people who share a common characteristic or experience. Millennials are a generational cohort who share common experiences of growing up in the information society due to being born within a specific time period. Technological competence: The ability to use and understand technology effectively. Interpersonal communication skills: The ability to communicate effectively and build relationships with others in face-to-face interactions. Immigrants: People who move to a different country or region with the intention of living there permanently or for an extended period. Proliferation: The rapid increase or spread of something, especially in large numbers. Essential Content Introduction ICT in the Modern Era Information and Communications Technology (ICT) refers to the integration of digital devices, communication networks, and software applications that enable the creation, processing, storage, and sharing of electronic data. It encompasses the use of computers, mobile phones, the Internet, social media, software, and other digital technologies that facilitate the communication and dissemination of information. The field of ICT is constantly evolving and expanding, as new technologies and applications are developed and integrated into various aspects of daily life. ICT transformed how we live and work by revolutionizing communication and access to information. It's crucial for e- commerce, online education, and digital entertainment, driven by advancements in tech meeting our need for faster information exchange. An example of ICT in action is the use of mobile banking. With mobile banking, customers can access their bank accounts and perform transactions such as deposits, withdrawals, and bill payments using their mobile devices. This has made banking more convenient and accessible, especially for people who live in remote areas or have limited access to traditional banking services. Mobile banking has also reduced the need for physical bank branches, which has led to cost savings for banks and improved efficiency in the banking industry. SCP-GENELECT1 | 5  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Use of Mobile Banking Image source: https://www.freepik.com/vectors/mobile-banking The Role of ICT Infrastructure in Bridging the Digital Divide Addressing ICT Inequality: The Digital Divide The digital divide refers to the unequal distribution of access to and utilization of information and communication technologies (ICTs) among various groups or communities. This divide can exist between countries, regions, cities and towns, and socioeconomic groups. It's a significant challenge in today's world, where access to ICTs is increasingly important for social, economic, and political participation. About half of the world's population lacks internet access, mostly in developing nations. Disparities in ICT access exist within countries, impacting marginalized groups like low-income households, rural areas, and the elderly. This digital gap leads to limited educational and economic opportunities, hinders social and political participation, and perpetuates inequalities. Bridging this divide is crucial for universal digital inclusion and sustainable development. Digital Divide Image source: https://assets-global.website- files.com/5f2ac1971182eaa734b412d4/5f6b4d0aab7d72296da7d422_1_TY4AhknoFcRAGW0Yi h5pMw-p-800.jpeg SCP-GENELECT1 | 6  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached To close the digital divide, we must address the variables impacting ICT infrastructure access. Affordability, availability, geographic location, and infrastructure types such as broadband networks, mobile networks, and wireless technologies are among these considerations. These issues can prevent people from accessing necessary technology and must be addressed in order to ensure equal access to opportunities. Access to ICT Infrastructure To bridge the digital gap, access to ICT infrastructure, including the internet and digital devices, is crucial. It determines who can engage in the digital economy. This access facilitates information, education, job opportunities, and connections to vital services like healthcare and government support, irrespective of location or socioeconomic status. Sectors that can bridge the digital divide: 1. Affordability: One of the main barriers to access is the cost of ICT infrastructure. Governments and other organizations can work to make technology more affordable by subsidizing costs or offering other forms of financial support. 2. Availability: Availability refers to the physical availability of ICT infrastructure, such as the presence of broadband networks, mobile towers, and other digital infrastructure. Governments and private companies can work to expand the reach of these networks to ensure that they are available in more locations. 3. Geographic location: Rural and remote areas often have limited access to ICT infrastructure. Addressing this issue involves investing in infrastructure in these areas, including building new networks and expanding existing ones. 4. Infrastructure types: Different types of infrastructure, such as broadband networks, mobile networks, and wireless technologies, can be used to bridge the digital divide in different ways. For example, mobile networks are often more accessible in remote areas, while broadband networks are more suitable for densely populated areas. It is essential to invest in the right types of infrastructure to meet the needs of different communities and bridge the digital divide. Access to ICT infrastructure is crucial for participation in the digital economy, promoting equality and social inclusion, and enabling access to essential services regardless of location or socioeconomic status. SCP-GENELECT1 | 7  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Case Studies Case studies of successful initiatives that used ICT infrastructure to bridge the digital divide show how technology can be used to overcome access barriers and promote digital inclusion. Government policies, public-private partnerships, and community- led projects are all examples of such initiatives. Three successful efforts that used ICT infrastructure to bridge the digital divide in various contexts are as follows: 1. Community Network Project, South Africa: This project aimed to connect underserved communities in South Africa with high-speed internet by building community-owned wireless networks. The project relied on community participation and engagement to build and maintain the networks, which provided affordable access to the internet for local residents. 2. Kiva, Kenya: Kiva is a microlending platform that connects borrowers in developing countries with lenders around the world. In Kenya, Kiva partnered with a local mobile network operator to provide access to mobile money accounts and mobile data to borrowers, enabling them to apply for loans and manage their finances remotely. 3. Telemedicine, India: In India, telemedicine initiatives have been used to improve access to healthcare in rural areas. By using technology such as video conferencing and mobile apps, doctors are able to remotely diagnose and treat patients who would otherwise have limited access to healthcare services. This has helped to bridge the gap in access to healthcare between rural and urban areas. The three case studies illustrate successful initiatives that utilized ICT infrastructure to bridge the digital divide in diverse contexts. The South African community network project revealed that community-based networks can offer affordable and accessible internet access to rural areas. M-PESA allowed low-income individuals in Kenya to engage in digital financial services through their mobile phones, enabling financial inclusion. Through telemedicine, the Apollo Telemedicine Networking Foundation in India provided access to healthcare in rural areas by connecting remote communities with specialist doctors and medical services. These case studies demonstrate the potential of ICT infrastructure to promote social inclusion and economic development in various settings, offering valuable insights for future initiatives aimed at bridging the digital divide. SCP-GENELECT1 | 8  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Digital Literacy and Skills Development Mastering digital literacy is crucial in today's landscape as it enables individuals to navigate, assess, and generate information using digital technologies. It spans from basic computer skills to advanced abilities like coding and media production, impacting job prospects, access to information, and service utilization. Developing digital literacy enhances critical thinking, problem-solving, creativity, and innovation. It opens doors to education, improves communication, and bolsters job market success. Resources like online courses aid in skill enhancement, but regular practice using digital tools is key to skill development and retention. Online courses, tutorials, and workshops are just a few of the tools and resources available to help you improve your digital literacy and skills. Codecademy, Khan Academy, and Lynda.com are some examples of resources. Many public libraries and community centers also provide digital literacy training and resources. It is also critical to regularly practice using digital tools and resources in order to develop and maintain skills. Image sources: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/6/6c/Codecademy.svg/1200px- Codecademy.svg.png, https://assets.stickpng.com/images/62a63a4e03a870b920cbfd49.png, https://cetl.westernu.edu/wp-content/uploads/2018/11/lynda-com-logo.png While online courses and training sessions can provide a solid foundation for developing digital literacy and skills, regular practice with digital tools and resources is also essential. Writing reports, analyzing data, and creating visual aids for presentations using Word Processing, Spreadsheet, and Presentation applications are examples of such tasks. The more you use these tools, the more at ease and proficient you will become, which will help you succeed in the digital age. Digital literacy and skills development are crucial for students today. The following are some key points that highlight their importance: SCP-GENELECT1 | 9  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached 1. Access to Information: It broadens knowledge through internet resources. 2. Communication: It fosters effective collaboration using digital tools. 3. Creativity and Innovation: Encourages content creation like videos and blogs. 4. Career Opportunities: Enhances job prospects in a digitally driven world. 5. Safety and Privacy: Educates about online safety, cyberbullying, and privacy. In conclusion, digital literacy empowers students in various ways—accessing information, effective communication, fostering creativity, improving career prospects, and ensuring online safety. As industries shift towards digitization, these skills are essential. Developing digital literacy also cultivates responsible digital citizenship, a crucial aspect of thriving in the digital era. Educators and institutions should prioritize this development for students' success. The Rise of the Information Society and the Impact on Millennials Digital globalization has revolutionized global communication, information access, and business operations. The world's increasing interconnectivity has given rise to a generation profoundly influenced by the information society. These individuals, commonly referred to as millennials, have grown up with the internet, social media, and other digital technologies, and their experiences and perspectives offer valuable insights into the broader social, cultural, and technological changes associated with the rise of the information society. In this context, exploring the role of millennials in the information society is a crucial step in understanding the impact of digital globalization on contemporary society. The Millennials Millennials, also known as Generation Y, are a generational cohort born roughly between the early 1980s and the mid-1990s to early 2000s. According to Pew Research Center, they are defined as those born between 1981 and 1996 (Dimock, 2019). Millennials are the first generation to come of age in the information society and have been shaped by technological advancements, globalization, and economic and social changes. SCP-GENELECT1 | 10  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached The Millennials Image source: https://cdn3.vectorstock.com/i/1000x1000/10/12/millennials- generation-y-vector-21201012.jpg Millennials are the first generation to grow up with modern digital technology and are experts in multitasking and have a high level of technical competence. They have been surrounded by technology like cellphones, digital cameras, email, text messaging, personal digital assistants, and other digital devices for their entire lives. They are also the younger siblings of Generation X and the children of baby boomers and Gen-Xers. Strengths and Weaknesses Millennials, known for tech prowess and open-mindedness, excel in a digital age. Comfortable with multitasking and technology, they thrive in fields like tech and social media. Their tolerance and acceptance of diversity suit today's globalized world, fostering innovation through their open-mindedness and willingness to challenge norms. However, millennials also have some weaknesses. For example, they may lack discretion and common sense in terms of what they choose to share online, which can lead to embarrassing or damaging situations later in life. They may also struggle with interpersonal communication skills, preferring to communicate digitally rather than in person. Millennials, like any generation, might exhibit a sense of entitlement, seeking rapid career growth and recognition without investing adequate effort or time. Acknowledging their strengths while offering guidance and support can help them maximize their potential by addressing these weaknesses. Digital Natives A digital native is a term used to describe a person who has grown up in the digital age and is therefore familiar with digital technologies and media from an early age. The concept was first introduced by Marc Prensky in his 2001 article "Digital Natives, Digital Immigrants." Prensky argued that digital natives possess a distinct thinking and learning style that sets them apart from previous generations due to their exposure to advanced technology. SCP-GENELECT1 | 11  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached The table explores how growing up in the information age shapes millennials' attitudes, behaviors, and values. It showcases their tech-positive outlook, digital behaviors, and values influenced by the information society. It highlights the unique experiences of this generation compared to previous ones and offers insight into their distinct relationship with technology and the societal changes accompanying it. Positive and Negative Topic Discussion Implications Pros: Access to huge Millennials fully embrace info, online learning, tech, seeing its power to collaboration, fresh improve life. They social connections, and effortlessly use digital tools expression. Attitudes for communication, work, Cons: Online and fun, valuing harassment, addiction, convenience, speed, and disinformation, privacy efficiency—the hallmarks of concerns, security the information age. issues, and digital overload. Millennials juggle diverse online activities like social Pros: Boosted media, shopping, and productivity, new content consumption, creativity, and easy multitasking across devices. access to goods/services. Behaviors Some prefer digital over Cons: Limited social face-to-face communication, skills, less face-to-face but preferences vary based interaction, potential for on individuals and addiction. situations. Pros: Increased Millennials value diversity, inclusivity, and individualism, self- social justice, new forms expression, and diversity, of creative expression aiming for global impact and collaboration. through inclusion and Cons: Reduced privacy, Values social justice. They favor potential for transparency, authenticity, disinformation, loss of and personalized authenticity and experiences, seen in their personal connection, tech and media choices. reduced empathy and social skills. SCP-GENELECT1 | 12  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Pros: Boosted The info society gives productivity, fresh millennials great perks: lots creativity, and the of info, online learning, and chance for positive social Implications new social ties. But it impact. of being a brings challenges like online Cons: Less face-to-face "digital harassment, addiction, and interaction, risk of native" misinformation. Privacy, addiction, vulnerability security, and digital to online harassment, overload worries loom large disinformation, and in this tech-heavy world. privacy/security concerns. Pros: Comfort with tech, Millennials, raised in a opening doors to fresh digital era, reshape norms, communication and Differences social links. blurring public-private lines from on social media. They tackle Cons: Possible negative previous unique economic hurdles, effects on norms/values, generations from automation's career plus economic/political impact to the gig economy. hurdles due to tech/automation. Education and Learning The information society has revolutionized how millennials learn and gain skills. Digital tools and online resources offer unprecedented avenues for self-learning outside traditional education. Massive open online courses (MOOCs), tutorials, and virtual communities enable lifelong learning and professional growth. Research indicates that digital tech elevates learning by encouraging collaboration, personalization, and interactivity. Platforms like Kahoot and Quizlet engage students through interactive activities, aiding information retention. Online forums and social media foster collaboration and knowledge exchange among students and educators. Image source: http://todallycomprehensiblelatin.blogspot.com/2018/11/kahoot-vs- quizizz-vsquizlet-live-vs.html Image source: https://1000logos.net/wp-content/uploads/2021/11/Quizlet-Logo.png SCP-GENELECT1 | 13  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Digital technologies in education pose challenges like discerning credible sources and classroom distractions, but harnessing their power can bridge educational gaps and foster lifelong learning for all. Work and Career The information society reshaped the job market for millennials, offering new opportunities in digital fields while automating some jobs, increasing demand for specialized skills, and fostering a preference for work-life balance and flexible arrangements due to their remote work experience. Despite their unique perspective on flexibility and productivity, challenges persist, including job security, lower wages, and limited career advancement. To harness the opportunities and overcome the challenges, organizations have begun to adopt technology-based approaches to work and career development. For example, remote work, online training programs, and digital collaboration tools have become increasingly popular. Employers have also begun to recognize the importance of offering flexible work arrangements and investing in employee development and training. In conclusion, millennials, extensively studied for their upbringing and tech savvy, bring unique learning approaches and workplace adaptability, yet grapple with instant gratification and interpersonal skill challenges. Their multifaceted impact on society presents a complex portrait of strengths, weaknesses, and nuances. The rise of millennials coincided with the proliferation of ICT in modern society, shaping a generation deeply influenced by digital technologies in their behaviors, communication, and opportunities. SELF-SUPPORT: You can click the URL Search Indicator below to help you further understand the lessons. Search Indicator United Nations Educational, Scientific and Cultural Organization. (2017). Information and communication technology (ICT). Retrieved from https://en.unesco.org/themes/information-society/ict International Telecommunication Union. (2021). The State of Broadband 2021: The digital divide persists. https://www.itu.int/en/ITU- D/Statistics/Documents/publications/2021/State_of_Broadband_ 2021_executive_summary.pdf Molla, R., & Licker, P. S. (2020). The Digital Divide and COVID-19: A Review and Commentary. Journal of Information Technology and Politics, 17(4), 357-365. https://doi.org/10.1080/19331681.2020.1814243 Adhikari, R., & Chib, A. (2018). South Africa's community network project: A model for Africa's digital future. Information Technologies & International Development, 14(1), 48-64. https://doi.org/10.1162/itid_a_00089 Telemedicine in India: The Apollo telemedicine networking foundation. In T. K. Saha, S. Saha, & R. K. Gupta (Eds.), Digital healthcare: The SCP-GENELECT1 | 14  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached essential guide (pp. 217-231). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981- 10-8497-1_13 Dimock, M. (2019). Defining generations: Where Millennials end and Generation Z begins. Pew Research Center. https://www.pewresearch.org/short-reads/2019/01/17/where- millennials-end-and-generation-z-begins/ Prensky, M. (2001). Digital natives, digital immigrants. On the Horizon, 9(5), 1-6. https://www.marcprensky.com/writing/Prensky%20- %20Digital%20Natives,%20Digital%20Immigrants%20- %20Part1.pdf Kirschner, P. A., & De Bruyckere, P. (2017). The myths of the digital native and the multitasker. Teaching and Teacher Education, 67, 135-142. Bridgstock, R. (2018). Generational perceptions of work-integrated learning: Millennials, employers and future directions. Higher Education Research & Development, 37(6), 1246-1259. Kleykamp, M. A. (2018). The changing nature of work in the digital age. Oxford Research Encyclopedia of Politics. Spreitzer, G. M., Perttula, K. H., & Xin, K. R. (2019). Millennials' career aspirations and the organizations of the future. Journal of Business and Psychology, 34(4), 487-502. D’Souza, C., & Powell, R. (2018). Learning in the digital age: A review of learning preferences of millennial students. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 6(4), 47-57. LET’S INITIATE! The topics discussed above call for checking your understanding. Hence, you are asked to answer the following questions. 1. Discuss the concept of ICT infrastructure, and how does it help bridge the digital divide? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2. What are some examples of digital tools and resources that can help individuals improve their digital literacy and skills, and how can they be accessed? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 3. What is digital literacy, and why is it essential for success in today's job market? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ SCP-GENELECT1 | 15  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached LET’S INQUIRE! Activity1. In this activity, think creatively to answer the questions below. 1. In what ways can governments and organizations ensure that ICT infrastructure investments are inclusive and equitable, and benefit marginalized communities? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2. Analyze the impact of technology on millennials' interpersonal skills. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 3. How can employers and educational institutions collaborate to develop digital literacy and skills development programs that align with industry needs and trends? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ LET’S INFER! Laboratory Activity Analyzing the Impact of ICT Infrastructure on Digital Divide Objective: To understand the role of ICT infrastructure in bridging the digital divide and how it affects the accessibility of digital technologies. Materials Needed: Access to the internet A computer or mobile device A spreadsheet program (MS Excel) General Instructions: 1. This laboratory activity is designed to help students understand the role of ICT infrastructure in bridging the digital divide. 2. Students will work in groups to research and analyze the impact of ICT infrastructure on digital divide in a specific area or community. 3. Students will use a spreadsheet program to organize and analyze their data, and write a report summarizing their findings and recommendations. 4. Students will present their findings and conclusions to the class. SCP-GENELECT1 | 16  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Specific Guidelines: 1. Students should choose a specific area or community to focus on and gather data on the availability of ICT infrastructure, including internet access, broadband penetration, and availability of digital devices. 2. Students should analyze the data using a spreadsheet program and create charts and graphs to visually represent their findings. 3. Students should write a report summarizing their findings and conclusions. The report should include an introduction to the topic, data analysis, and recommendations for improving digital access in the chosen area or community. 4. Students should prepare a presentation to share their findings and conclusions with the class. The presentation should be engaging, well-organized, and include visual aids such as charts and graphs. Criteria for Scoring: 1. Accuracy and completeness of data: The students' data should be accurate, relevant, and complete. 2. Analysis and interpretation of data: Students should analyze the data using a spreadsheet program and create charts and graphs to visually represent their findings. 3. Quality of report: The report should be well-written, organized, and provide a clear overview of the findings and recommendations. 4. Quality of presentation: The presentation should be engaging, well-organized, and include visual aids such as charts and graphs. 5. Collaborative skills: Students should work well together in their groups and contribute equally to the research, analysis, and presentation. Criteria for Scoring Weight Score Accuracy and Completeness 20% Analysis and Interpretation 20% Quality of Report 20% Quality of Presentation 20% Collaborative Skills 20% Total 100% SCP-GENELECT1 | 17  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Week 2 Navigating the Computer Lesson Title Computer Parts and Typing Skills Master computer system architecture and typing skills to Learning Outcome boost digital literacy and navigate technology efficiently. At SJPIICD, I Matter! LEARNING INTENT! Terms to Ponder This section defines important terms used in the Living in the IT Era course pack. If you come across difficult terms, refer back to this section for clarification. Peripherals: An external device connected to a computer, like a mouse or printer. Volatile: Memory that loses data when power is turned off. Cohesive: United and working together effectively. Interface: Point of interaction or communication between systems. Dominance: State of being more powerful or influential. Compatibility: Ability to work well together without issues. Precision: Exactness or accuracy in performance or measurement. Mechanical: Relating to machinery or devices with moving parts. Efficiency: The ability to accomplish a task with minimal resources. Maintenance: Actions taken to keep something in good condition. Programmable: Capable of being set to perform specific tasks. Sensor: Device that detects or measures physical input. Expansion Cards: Additional hardware components to enhance computer capabilities. Aspect ratio: The proportional relationship between the width and height of a display screen. Circuit board: A rigid board that holds and connects electronic components in a computer or device. Cathode Ray Tube (CRT): An older technology for computer monitors, now largely replaced by LCD screens. Erratic: Inconsistent or unpredictable in behavior or movement. SCP-GENELECT1 | 18  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Essential Content Hardware and Software A computer system comprises hardware and software, forming a cohesive unit for processing and executing tasks. Hardware constitutes the physical components, including the motherboard, CPU, storage devices like hard disks and RAM, input/output devices such as monitors, keyboards, and mice, along with peripherals like printers and scanners. On the other hand, software refers to the programs, applications, and instructions that enable the hardware to perform specific functions, encompassing operating systems, productivity software, utilities, and applications tailored for various tasks, offering the interface for user interaction and system operations. Together, hardware and software synergize to facilitate computing functions, enabling data processing, storage, communication, and user interaction within a computer system. Hardware All of the electronic and mechanical equipment in a computer is called the hardware. Examples include: Hardware Description Image The main circuit board within a computer that connects and allows communication between Motherboard various hardware components like CPU, memory, storage, and peripherals. A device for permanent data storage within a computer, Hard disk storing files, software, and the operating system magnetically on a spinning disk. Temporary memory where the computer stores data currently RAM being used, allowing quick access for the CPU. It's faster but volatile (loses data when powered off). Converts electrical power from an Power supply outlet into usable power for the computer's components. SCP-GENELECT1 | 19  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached The "brain" of the computer that executes instructions and Processor performs calculations, handling most tasks. The enclosure housing all the computer's internal components, Case providing protection and often containing cooling systems. The display device that shows output from the computer, Monitor allowing users to interact visually with the system. An input device with keys for Keyboard typing text and executing commands. An input device used for pointing, Mouse clicking, and navigating the computer's graphical interface. Software The term software is used to describe computer programs that perform a task or tasks on a computer system. Software can be grouped as system software and application software. System software are the programs that control the operation of the computer system. Operating systems and utility programs are the most common. The Operating System initiates the computer, offers a user interface, oversees memory, storage, security, and facilitates networking and internet access, among other functions. Various OS options exist, like Microsoft Windows XP, Vista, Apple's OS X, Unix, and Linux. While Windows holds the primary market share, Linux is gradually challenging this dominance. SCP-GENELECT1 | 20  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Image source - https://worldtechjournal.com/what-is-operating-system-how-an-os-works/ Utility programs perform maintenance tasks on the computer system. This includes file management programs, uninstall programs, disk scanners and defragmenters, backup utilities, antivirus etc. These can be included in the OS or purchased separately. Image source - https://nanat1997.weebly.com/utility-program.html Application Software is used to do non-system-based tasks. Categories include business software, engineering software, medical software, games etc. Image source - https://www.techopedia.com/2/28350/personal-tech/software- applications/an-introduction-to-application-software SCP-GENELECT1 | 21  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached At times, application software bundles are assembled to create productivity suites like Microsoft Office, OpenOffice, and Google Suites, incorporating word processing, spreadsheets, databases, and presentation tools within a unified interface for simplified learning. Similarly, the Adobe Creative Suite merges software like Photoshop, Illustrator, and InDesign into a comprehensive graphics and web design package, emphasizing compatibility and shared interfaces among its applications. COMPUTER COMPONENTS A computer system is a collection of electronic and mechanical devices operating as a unit. These devices can be sorted according to their role in the computer system. The main device categories are: Input devices These devices are used to get data into the computer system Processing devices These manipulate the data using to a set of instructions called a program Output devices These are used to get data out of a computer system Storage devices These can store the data for use at a later stage Communications devices These can send the data to another computer system The parts of a computer system are: SCP-GENELECT1 | 22  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached System Unit Devices and Peripherals The system unit is the main container for system devices. It protects the delicate electronic and mechanical devices from damage. Typical system unit devices include: System Unit Description Image Device The main circuit board in a computer that houses essential components like the Motherboard CPU, memory, and connectors for other hardware. It allows communication between various parts of the computer. Often referred to as the brain of the computer, the CPU executes instructions from CPU programs, performs calculations, and manages data within the system. Also known as RAM (Random Access Memory), this component stores data that the CPU is currently using or Memory will need shortly. It provides fast access for active programs but is volatile (loses data when the computer is turned off). These components store data on a computer. Hard Disk Drives (HDDs) use rotating Disk Drives disks to store information, while Solid-State Drives (SSDs) use flash memory for faster data access. Additional cards installed on the motherboard to add functionality to a computer Expansion beyond its basic capabilities. Cards Examples include graphics cards for better visuals or network cards for internet connectivity. SCP-GENELECT1 | 23  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Connection points on a computer that allow various devices to be connected, such Ports as USB ports for peripherals, HDMI ports for displays, Ethernet ports for networking, etc. The component responsible for providing electrical power to all other parts of the Power computer. It converts Supply electrical power from an outlet into usable power for the computer's components. Peripherals are devices that connect to the system unit using cables or wireless technologies. Typical peripherals include: Peripherals Description Image A visual display unit that shows images, texts, and videos generated by the Monitor computer's graphics card. It allows users to interact with the computer's output. An input device that allows users to input text, commands, and other Keyboard instructions into the computer by pressing keys corresponding to characters or functions. SCP-GENELECT1 | 24  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached An input device used to move a cursor on the computer screen, allowing Mouse users to interact with graphical user interfaces and select items by clicking buttons. Output devices that produce audio and sound generated by the computer, Speakers providing users with auditory feedback, such as music, system alerts, or other audio content. An output device that produces physical copies of documents or images Printer stored in a digital format on a computer, using ink or toner to transfer the content onto paper. An output device primarily used for printing large- scale graphical designs, architectural plans, Plotter engineering drawings, and other detailed illustrations with precision and accuracy. An input device that captures images or documents in a digital Scanner format, converting physical copies into digital data that can be stored, edited, or printed using a computer. Cache Memory It is a high-speed type of volatile computer memory that a processor or CPU uses to access frequently used instructions or data quickly. It's a smaller and faster form of memory located closer to the CPU than the computer's main memory (RAM). For instance, let's consider a situation where a processor frequently accesses certain instructions or data while performing a specific task, such as running software applications or playing a game. Instead of fetching this data repeatedly from the slower main memory, the CPU stores a copy of this frequently accessed information in its cache memory. SCP-GENELECT1 | 25  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Computer Monitor This displays images generated by the computer system. Like main memory, it is a volatile device. When the power is removed, the image is lost. Monitors nowadays, are almost exclusively LCD (Liquid Crystal Display). CRT (Cathode Ray Tube) monitors are rare and are now as expensive as LCD monitors. Their physical size, weight and power consumption has made them unpopular. The aspect ratio of a computer monitor is the ratio between the width and height of the screen. The aspect ratios are: Standard monitor: 4:3 Widescreen monitor: 16:9 Keyboard The keyboard is the primary input device for the computer system. The board is divided into a number of sections: This section contains the letter and number Typing keys keys. The shift keys, spacebar, return key etc. are also included in this section These keys are arranged as on a calculator and are used in Banks etc. They allow numeric data Numeric keypad to be entered much more quickly than using the numbers at the top of the typing keys. These are programmable keys used by software Function keys for special functions. E.g. - F1 is always used for help. The control keys are used for screen and cursor control. The arrow keys control the cursor. The Control keys Home, End, Page up etc. keys control cursor in software applications. SCP-GENELECT1 | 26  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached The most common typing key arrangement is called QWERTY after the first six keys. Other typing key arrangements are available including Dvorak, ABCDEF, AZERTY etc. These are common in other countries but the qwerty keyboard has maintained dominance in Western Europe. Keyboards are available wired or wireless: Wired: These are either PS/2 or USB. Wireless: A wireless keyboard has two components. The keyboard and a receiver that connects to a USB port. The keyboard uses batteries. Mouse A mouse in an input device that uses point and click technology to interact with software applications. There are two main types: Ball mouse: This uses a ball to roll across the surface and move rollers attached to sensors inside the mouse that reflect the ball movement as cursor movement. These are efficient devices but the ball picks up dust and loses friction with the rollers. As a result, the cursor movement becomes erratic. A mouse mat is needed to aid friction between the ball and the surface. Optical mouse: This uses a camera to take thousands of images per second and sent them for digital processing. The red LED lights up the surface for the camera. The digital processor compares images and can sense the movement of the mouse. This movement is reflected on the screen as cursor movement. The great advantage of the optical mouse is that it is not affected by dust as a ball mouse is and a mouse mat is not required. It does not work well on glass surfaces. Both ball and optical mice are available as wireless. Batteries are required as for the wireless keyboard. SCP-GENELECT1 | 27  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Graphics tablets are becoming popular as a replacement for a mouse as they offer much more control of cursor movement. This is important in applications such as Illustration Graphics, Image Editing and CAD. Software designed for use with graphics tablets can sense the pressure applied to the stylus as well as the tilt angle etc. Image source - https://www.nytimes.com/wirecutter/reviews/best-drawing-tablets-for- beginners/ Typing Lesson Understanding the parts of a computer, especially the keyboard, significantly influences typing skill development. The keyboard serves as the primary input device for text entry and command execution, making familiarity with its layout and key functions pivotal for efficient typing. Mastery of keyboard layout, key placement, and hand positioning enhances typing speed and accuracy. Moreover, awareness of additional keys for shortcuts and functionalities improves overall productivity. Developing proficiency in typing not only relies on motor skills but also understanding the layout and functionality of the keyboard, making it an integral component in honing typing abilities. As one embarks on these typing lessons, emphasizing accuracy is essential. Striving for 100% accuracy initially will naturally lead to improved speed through practice. Touch typing revolves around developing muscle memory via repetitive finger movements. With consistent practice, these movements will become intuitive, resulting in increased typing speed and reduced effort. The Home Row The primary rule in touch typing is consistently returning fingers to the home row when not actively typing. This home row serves as the base for learning key positions. Many keyboards have small raised marks on the F and J keys, aiding in locating the home row without visual assistance. SCP-GENELECT1 | 28  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached The Right Hand The home row keys for the right hand are: j k l ; Position your right hand so that your index finger is placed on j, your middle finger is on k, your ring finger is on l and your pinky is on ; (the semicolon key). Let your right thumb rest comfortably on the spacebar at the bottom of the keyboard. The hand should be elevated above the keyboard, with fingers curved downward, directly pointing at the keys. This positioning allows easier finger movement without requiring hand repositioning. Taking a moment to correctly place the right hand before proceeding is crucial in cultivating effective typing habits from the start. In the initial touch-typing lesson, two home row keys for the right hand are introduced: 'J' and 'K'. Typing Exercise 1 jjj jjj jjj jjj kkk kkk kkk kkk jjj kkk jjj kkk jjj kkk jkj jkj jkj jkj kjk kjk kjk kjk jjj jjj jjj kkk kkk kkk jk jk jk kj kj kj jj kk jk kj kj jk jj jk kk kj j j j j k k k k j k k j j k k j jkj jjk kjj kkj jkk kkk jjj kjk Typing Exercise 2 lll lll lll lll ;;; ;;; ;;; ;;; lll ;;; lll ;;; lll ;;; l;l l;l l;l l;l ;l; ;l; ;l; ;l; lll lll lll ;;; ;;; ;;; l; l; l; ;l ;l ;l ll ;; l; ;l ;l l; ll l; ;; ;l l l l l ; ; ; ; l ; ; l l ; ; l l;l ll; ;ll ;;l l;; ;;; lll ;l; SCP-GENELECT1 | 29  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Typing Exercise 3 jjj jjj kkk kkk jjj kkk lll lll ;;; ;;; lll ;;; jjj lll kkk ;;; kkk ;;; lll jjj ;;; lll kkk jjj jkj jkj kjk kjk l;l l;l ;l; ;l; j k l ; j k l ; jkl; jkl; j;kl j;kl jjj kkk lll ;;; jkj jlj j;j kjk klk k;k ljl lkl l;l jj jk jl j; kj kk kl k; lj lk ll l; ;j ;k ;l ;; The Left Hand The home row keys for the left hand are: f d s a Position the left hand with the index finger on 'F', the middle finger on 'D', the ring finger on 'S', and the pinky on 'A'. Allow the thumb to rest on the spacebar. Make sure your left hand is raised, fingers curved, and pointed down at the keys. Start by using the first two keys with your left hand: 'F' and 'D'. Typing Exercise 4 fff fff fff fff ddd ddd ddd ddd fff ddd fff ddd fff ddd fdf fdf fdf fdf dfd dfd dfd dfd fff fff fff ddd ddd ddd fd fd fd df df df ff dd fd df df fd ff fd dd df f f f f d d d d f d d f f d d f fdf ffd dff ddf fdd ddd fff dfd Typing Exercise 5 sss sss sss sss aaa aaa aaa aaa sss aaa sss aaa sss aaa sas sas sas sas asa asa asa asa sss sss sss aaa aaa aaa sa sa sa as as as ss aa sa as as sa ss sa aa as s s s s a a a a s a a s s a a s sas ssa aas saa aaa sss asa Now, all four left hand keys together: Typing Exercise 6 fff fff ddd ddd fff ddd sss sss aaa aaa sss aaa fff sss ddd aaa ddd aaa sss fff aaa sss ddd fff fdf fdf dfd dfd sas sas asa asa f d s a f d s a fdsa fdsa fads fads fff ddd sss aaa fdf fsf faf dfd dsd dad sfs sds sas ff fd fs fa df dd ds da sf sd ss sa af ad as aa SCP-GENELECT1 | 30  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Both hands The subsequent typing exercise integrates all the keys covered thus far: j k l ; f d s a Typing Exercise 7 jjj fff jjj fff jjj fff kkk ddd kkk ddd kkk ddd lll sss lll sss lll sss ;;; aaa ;;; aaa ;;; aaa jkl; jkl; jkl; fdsa fdsa fdsa jjj kkk lll ;;; fff ddd sss aaa jfj jfj jfj jkj jkj jkj kdk kdk kdk kjk kjk kjk l;l l;l l;l ;l; ;l; ;l; fdf fdf fdf dfd dfd dfd sas sas sas asa asa asa H and G Up until now, all the keys covered can be typed without moving the fingers from the home row. It's time to learn shifting fingers off the home row to access the 'H' and 'G' keys. To reach these new keys, one needs to move the index fingers sideways. Practice extending the right index finger leftward to hit the 'H' key and then reach rightward with the left index finger for the 'G' key. Afterward, remember to return the fingers to the home keys. Typing Exercise 8 hhh hhh hhh hhh ggg ggg ggg ggg hhh ggg hhh ggg hhh ggg hgh hgh hgh hgh ghg ghg ghg ghg hhh hhh hhh ggg ggg ggg hg hg hg gh gh gh hh gg hg gh gh hg hh hg gg gh h h h h g g g g h g g h h g g h hgh hhg ghh ggh hgg ggg hhh ghg Now, all four index fingers keys: j f h g Typing Exercise 9 hhh hhh ggg ggg hhh ggg jjj jjj fff fff jjj fff hhh jjj ggg fff ggg fff jjj hhh fff jjj ggg hhh hgh hgh ghg ghg jfj jfj fjf fjf h g j f h g j f hgjf hgjf hfgj hfgj hhh ggg jjj fff hgh hjh hfh ghg gjg gfg jhj jgj jfj hh hg hj hf gh gg gj gf jh jg jj jf fh fg fj ff All together Typing Exercise 10 aaa aa aaa ;;; ;;; sss sss sss lll lll lll ddd ddd ddd kkk kkk kkk fff fff fff jjj jjj jjj gg ggg ggg hhh hhh hhh ggg hhh fff jjj ddd kkk sss lll aaa ;;; asdfghjkl; asdfghjkl; asdfghjkl; a;kfjgh a;sldkfjgh a;sldkfjgh ghfjdksla; ghfjdksla; ghfjdksla; asa asa ada ada afa afa aga aga aha aha aja aja aka aka ala ala a;a a;a ;l; ;l; ;k; ;k; ;j; ;j; ;h; ;g; ;f; ;f; ;d; ;d; ;s; ;s; ;a; ;a; sas sas sds sds sfs sfs sgs sgs shs shs sjs sjs sks sks sls sls s;s s;s l;l l;l lkl lkl ljl ljl lhl lhl lgl lgl lfl lfl ldl ldl lsl lsl lal lal dad dad dsd dsd dfd dfd dgd dgd dd;d d;d k;k k;k klk klk kjk kjk khk khk kgk kgk kfk kfk kdk ksk kak kak faf faf fsf fsf fdf fdf fgf fgf fkf flf flf f;f f;f j;j j;j jlj jkj jkj jhj jhj jgj jgj jfj jfj jdj jdj jsj jsj jaj jaj gag gag gsg gsg gdg gdg gfg gfg gkg glg glg g;g g;g hkh hjh hjh hgh hgh hfh hfh hdh hdh hah hah a l s j d h g ; f k l f s ; j g k h a d SCP-GENELECT1 | 31  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached SELF-SUPPORT: You can click the URL Search Indicator below to help you further understand the lessons. https://www.tutorialsmate.com/2021/12/parts-of-computer.html https://www.t4.ie/Resources/Resources%20by%20Topic/Core/Infor mation%20&%20Communications%20Technology/Introduction%20to %20Computer%20Systems/PC%20Components.pdf https://www.how-to-type.com/touch-typing-lessons/how-to-type- home-keys/# LET’S INITIATE! The topics discussed above call for checking your understanding. Hence, you are asked to answer the following questions. 1. What role does cache memory play in enhancing the performance of a processor while executing tasks like running software applications or playing games?? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2. Describe the purpose of expansion cards in a computer, providing examples of additional functionality they can add to a system beyond its basic capabilities. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 3. How do input devices differ from output devices in a computer system? Provide examples of each and elucidate their roles in the overall functionality of a computer. _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ LET’S INQUIRE! Activity1. In this activity, think creatively to answer the questions below. 1. Beyond motor skills, how does an understanding of keyboard layout and functions contribute to the overall efficiency and proficiency in typing? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ 2. With the increasing reliance on wireless connectivity, what challenges and opportunities does this present for peripherals and their integration into modern computing systems? _____________________________________________________________ _____________________________________________________________ SCP-GENELECT1 | 32  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached LET’S INFER! Laboratory Activity Typing Skill Enhancement Objective: To improve typing speed and accuracy through guided exercises and practice. Materials Needed: Computer with word processing software Access to typing tutorials or SCP about Typing Lesson Typing Exercises with timer or stopwatch o https://www.typerush.com/ o https://www.keybr.com/ o https://www.typingtest.com/ Procedure: 1. Follow the directions of the instructor which typing exercise you will be using. 2. Students will be given 15minutes independent practice. 3. This typing exercise will be done in 1 minute. 4. Students are being reminded to focus on accuracy while aiming to type as much text as they can. 5. Maintain proper hand positioning and posture for accuracy. Criteria for Scoring: 1. SPEED ✓ Words per Minute (WPM) ✓ Target 40WPM (Average) ✓ Count the number of correctly typed words within the one-minute time frame. ✓ Calculate the WPM using the formula: (Number of correctly typed words / 1 minute). 2. ACCURACY ✓ Target 100 % Accuracy ✓ Calculate accuracy using the formula: (Number of correctly typed words / Total attempted words) * 100. SCP-GENELECT1 | 33  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Week 3 Computer History and Evolution The Five Generations of Computers and the Evolution of Lesson Title Modern Technology Explore the history of technology from pre-mechanical to Learning Outcome(s) electronic age and the evolution and contributions of the five generations of computers. At SJPIICD, I Matter! LEARNING INTENT! Terms to Ponder This section defines important terms used in the Living in the IT Era course pack. If you come across difficult terms, refer back to this section for clarification. Vacuum tubes: Electronic devices used in the first generation of computers to amplify and switch electronic signals. Transistors: Semiconductor devices used in the second generation of computers to replace vacuum tubes and make computers faster, smaller, and more reliable. Integrated circuits: Microscopic electronic circuits made from layers of semiconductor material, used in the third generation of computers to pack more components into a smaller space and increase processing power. Microprocessor: A computer processor that is built on a single integrated circuit, allowing for the creation of smaller, faster, and more powerful computers in the fourth generation. Graphical User Interface (GUI): A user interface that allows users to interact with electronic devices through graphical elements such as icons, windows, and buttons, which was introduced by the Macintosh in the fourth generation. Massively parallel: A type of computer architecture that allows multiple processors to work together simultaneously on a single task. Message-passing architecture: A method of communication between processors in a parallel computing system where messages are sent and received between processors. Punched cards: Paper cards used for input and output in early computers, where holes in specific positions represented data. Quantum computing: An emerging technology that uses the principles of quantum mechanics to perform calculations. SCP-GENELECT1 | 34  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Essential Content Five Generations of Computers: A Technological Evolution The five generations of computers are characterized by advancements in technology, starting with vacuum tubes in first generation computers, then transitioning to transistors, integrated circuits, microprocessors, and eventually leading to the development of artificial intelligence and quantum computing. 1st Generation (1940-1956) The first generation of computers emerged in the late 1940s and continued till the mid-1950s. These computers were enormous, expensive, and used vacuum tubes to process information. They were typically programmed using machine language, which meant that instructions had to be written in binary code. The first generation of computers grew out of the Second World War, when the need for faster computing systems to break codes and perform other military tasks drove the development of the first computers. This generation was defined by inventions such as the Atanasoff- Berry Computer (ABC), the Electronic Numerical Integrator and Computer (ENIAC), and the UNIVAC computer. Shown below are the five popular inventions of this generation: Invention Inventor Description The ENIAC was the first general-purpose ENIAC John electronic digital computer, built during (Electronic Mauchly World War II to calculate firing tables for the Numerical and J. US Army's Ballistic Research Laboratory. It Integrator and Presper was one of the largest machines of its time, Computer) Eckert weighing 30 tons and occupying a room the size of a basketball court. Image source: http://images.computerhistory.org/revonline/images/500004289-03- 01.jpg?w=600 SCP-GENELECT1 | 35  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached UNIVAC was the first commercially available UNIVAC J. Presper electronic digital computer, which could (Universal Eckert and perform both arithmetic and logical Automatic John operations. It was introduced in 1951 and Computer) Mauchly was used for business and scientific applications. Image source: http://images.computerhistory.org/revonline/images/102667576p-03- 01.jpg?w=600 The Atanasoff-Berry Computer (ABC) was the John first electronic digital computer that used Atanasoff-Berry Atanasoff binary digits (bits) rather than decimal digits Computer and Clifford for calculation. It was developed in the late (ABC) Berry 1930s and early 1940s to solve systems of simultaneous linear equations. Image source: http://images.computerhistory.org/revonline/images/500002003p-03- 01.jpg?w=600 SCP-GENELECT1 | 36  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached The Harvard Mark I was an electromechanical computer that used punched cards for input and output. It was Howard Harvard Mark I developed during World War II and was used Aiken for ballistic calculations. It was one of the largest machines of its time, weighing over five tons and measuring 51 feet in length. Image source: https://history-computer.com/wp-content/uploads/2021/09/Harvard-Mark-1- in-museum-1.jpg The IBM 701 was the first general-purpose computer produced by IBM. It was introduced in 1952 and was used for IBM 701 IBM scientific and engineering calculations. It had a magnetic drum memory that could store up to 2048 words of data. Image source: https://www.ibm.com/ibm/history/exhibits/701/images/141502.jpg The first-generation computers were bulky, slow, and limited in their functionality. However, they laid the foundation for the development of computers in the subsequent generations. SCP-GENELECT1 | 37  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached In conclusion, the first generation of computers was marked by significant technological advancements that laid the foundation for modern-day computing. The use of vacuum tubes, binary code, and machine language was an essential milestone in computer technology. While these computers may seem primitive by today's standards, they set the stage for the innovation and advancement that was to come. 2nd Generation (1956-1963) The second generation of computers, which emerged in the late 1950s and early 1960s, was marked by the use of transistors instead of vacuum tubes, resulting in smaller, faster, and more reliable computers. Programmers also switched from using machine language to assembly language, making it easier to write code. The invention of the transistor in 1947 by John Bardeen, Walter Brattain, and William Shockley was a crucial milestone that paved the way for this generation of computers. Notable examples of second-generation computers include the IBM 7090, the UNIVAC III, and the CDC 1604. Popular inventions of this generation include: Inventi Inventor Description on The IBM 7090 was a transistorized mainframe computer that was introduced in 1959. It was an improvement over the IBM IBM IBM 709, with faster processing speed and more 7090 memory. It was used for scientific and engineering calculations, and it was the first computer to be used in space. Image source: https://www.zdnet.com/a/img/resize/57f82da04dcdfef85f777ff1d350496863a7fc92/2017/01 SCP-GENELECT1 | 38  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached /20/f2c2a1d9-3d00-4c47-ac43-bb33d8009d44/ibm7094console.jpg?auto=webp&width=768 The UNIVAC III was a third-generation computer that was introduced in 1962. It was UNIVA Re mingt on faster and more reliable than its predecessors, with a processing speed of up C III R a n d to 2.5 million instructions per second. It was used for business and scientific applications, such as airline reservations and weather forecasting. Image source: https://archive.computerhistory.org/resources/still- image/UNIVAC/102707295.03.01.lg.jpg The CDC 1604 was a third-generation computer that was introduced in 1960. It was CDC Control Data the first computer to use a magnetic core memory, which was faster and more reliable 1604 Corporation than the drum memory used in earlier computers. It was used for scientific and engineering calculations. Image source: https://images.computerhistory.org/tdih/october-16- cdc1604102635892.jpg?w=600 SCP-GENELECT1 | 39  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached The IBM 1401 was a second-generation computer that was introduced in 1959. It was IBM IBM a low-cost computer that was designed for 1401 small to medium-sized businesses. It was used for accounting, inventory control, and other business applications. Image source: https://images.computerhistory.org/blog-media/about-chm-1401_Fig1- PastedGraphic-5.jpg The PDP-1 was a second-generation computer that was introduced in 1959. It was the first computer to be built using Digital integrated circuits, which made it smaller PDP-1 Equipment and more reliable than earlier computers. It Corporation was used for scientific and engineering calculations, as well as for gaming (the first computer game, Spacewar!, was developed on the PDP-1). Image source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c3/PDP- 1.jpg/220px-PDP-1.jpg SCP-GENELECT1 | 40  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached The second-generation computers were faster, smaller, and more reliable than their predecessors. They were used in scientific and military applications, such as weather forecasting, atomic energy research, and missile guidance systems. However, they were still expensive and complex to operate. In conclusion, the second generation of computers marked a significant milestone in computer technology with the development of the transistor. The use of transistors and assembly language made computers faster, smaller, and more reliable, paving the way for further advancements in technology. 3rd Generation (1964-1971) The third generation of computers emerged in the mid-1960s and continued till the early 1970s. These computers were built using integrated circuits (ICs) instead of individual transistors, making them smaller, faster, and more powerful than earlier generations. They also used high-level programming languages such as COBOL and FORTRAN, which made programming easier and more accessible. The background of the third generation of computers was marked by the invention of the integrated circuit in 1958 by Jack Kilby of Texas Instruments and Robert Noyce of Fairchild Semiconductor. The integrated circuit was a revolutionary device that allowed multiple transistors and other components to be built on a single chip. The first commercially available ICs appeared in 1961, and by the mid-1960s, ICs had replaced individual transistors in most computers. Popular inventions of this generation include: Invention Inventor Description The IBM System/360 was a mainframe computer system that was introduced in 1964. It was designed to be compatible with a wide range of software, allowing IBM System/ customers to upgrade their IBM 360 systems without having to rewrite their software. It was used in a wide range of applications, from scientific and engineering calculations to business and administrative tasks. SCP-GENELECT1 | 41  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Image source: https://images.contentful.com/le3mxztn6yoo/3xizkAu6Gsu6ukwCCgUqSa/ab2af09166b2e09a dfbcea9637293989/1_O8716r4hduFUkb6tjAOR5A.png The DEC PDP-8 was a minicomputer that was introduced in 1965. It was the first computer to sell for under Digital $20,000, making it affordable for DEC PDP-8 Equipment small businesses and Corporation universities. It was used for scientific and engineering calculations, as well as for business and administrative tasks. Image source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/f/fa/DEC_PDP- 8%2C_Stuttgart%2C_cropped.jpg/220px-DEC_PDP-8%2C_Stuttgart%2C_cropped.jpg SCP-GENELECT1 | 42  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached The CDC 6600 was a supercomputer that was introduced in 1964. It was the fastest computer in the world at Control Data the time, with a processing speed CDC 6600 Corporation of up to 3 million instructions per second. It was used for scientific and engineering calculations, particularly in the fields of physics and astronomy. Image source: https://upload.wikimedia.org/wikipedia/commons/thumb/c/c4/CDC_6600.jc.jpg/300px- CDC_6600.jc.jpg The HP 2116A was a minicomputer that was introduced in 1966. It was designed to be used in a wide range of applications, from Hewlett- HP 2116A scientific and engineering Packard calculations to business and administrative tasks. It was particularly popular in the aerospace industry, where it was used for flight simulations. Image source: https://www.hewlettpackardhistory.com/wp-content/uploads/2020/03/HPC- OBJ-1112-0001-01-scaled.jpeg SCP-GENELECT1 | 43  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached The Honeywell 6000 was a mainframe computer that was introduced in 1966. It was used in a wide range of applications, from scientific and engineering Honeywell Honeywell calculations to business and 6000 administrative tasks. It was particularly popular in the airline industry, where it was used for reservations and flight scheduling. Image source: https://www.chessprogramming.org/images/c/c8/GE-635.jpg The third-generation computers were smaller, faster, and more powerful than earlier generations. They were used in a wide range of applications, from scientific and engineering calculations to business and administrative tasks. They were also more accessible to a broader range of users, thanks to the development of high-level programming languages. In conclusion, the third generation of computers marked a significant milestone in computer technology with the invention of the integrated circuit. The use of ICs and high-level programming languages made computers smaller, faster, more powerful, and more accessible, paving the way for further advancements in technology. 4th Generation (1960 – 1980) The fourth generation of computers emerged in the late 1960s and continued through the 1970s and 1980s. This era was marked by the development of microprocessors, which allowed for the creation of smaller, faster, and more powerful computers. The use of integrated circuits also contributed to the miniaturization and increased functionality of computers. The fourth generation of computers was characterized by the development of personal computers, which allowed for the widespread use of computers by individuals and small businesses. SCP-GENELECT1 | 44  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached Popular inventions of this generation include: Invention Inventor Description The Altair 8800 was a microcomputer kit that was sold by MITS in 1975. It was the first commercially successful personal Altair 8800 MITS computer and used the Intel 8080 microprocessor. It had no keyboard or screen and was programmed using toggle switches. Image source: https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=NMAH-JN2014-3845&max=1000 The Apple II was introduced in 1977 and was the first mass-produced Steve Jobs, personal computer. It was designed Apple II Steve by Steve Wozniak and Steve Jobs Wozniak and featured color graphics, a keyboard, and a cassette tape interface for storage. Image source: https://ids.si.edu/ids/deliveryService?id=NMAH-91-14186&max=1000 SCP-GENELECT1 | 45  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached The IBM PC was introduced in 1981 and was the first computer to be branded as a "personal computer" by IBM. It was powered by the Intel IBM PC IBM 8088 microprocessor and ran on the Microsoft Disk Operating System (MS-DOS). The IBM PC set the standard for personal computers. Image source: https://spectrum.ieee.org/media-library/the-ibm-pc-introduced-in-august- 1981.jpg?id=27044507&width=2400&height=1800 The Commodore 64 was introduced in 1982 and was one of the most popular personal computers of all Commodore Commodore time. It was powered by the MOS 64 International Technology 6510 microprocessor and had 64 kilobytes of memory. The Commodore 64 was popular for gaming and programming. Image source: https://media.cnn.com/api/v1/images/stellar/prod/180822105148- commodore64.jpg?q=x_0,y_0,h_1688,w_2999,c_fill/h_720,w_1280 SCP-GENELECT1 | 46  ST. JOHN PAUL II COLLEGE OF DAVAO COLLEGE OF INFORMATION AND COMMUNICATION TECHNOLOGY Physically Detached Yet Academically Attached