ICT-Chap 1B Slides.pdf

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES Course Instructor: Rimsha Riaz Where is Information Technology headed?  Computers are headed in three basic directions:  Miniaturization  Fasterspeeds  Greater affordability  and communications are improving connectivity, interactiv...

INTRODUCTION TO INFORMATION TECHNOLOGIES Course Instructor: Rimsha Riaz Where is Information Technology headed?  Computers are headed in three basic directions:  Miniaturization  Fasterspeeds  Greater affordability  and communications are improving connectivity, interactivity, and support of multimedia. Three Directions Of Computer Development  Miniaturization: It is the minimization of computers.( Smaller than normal). The miniaturized processor or microprocessor, in personal desktop today can perform calculations that once required a computer filling an entire room.  Speed: Thanks to miniaturization and new material used in making processors, computer makers can cram more hardware components into their machines, providing faster processing speeds and more data storage capacity.  Affordability: Today’s microprocessors are affordable when compared to the cost of processors 15 years ago. Three recent developments in communications  Information technology systems are becoming more connected and interactive, and they support more and more kinds of multimedia.  Three recent developments in communications include: ◼ Connectivity ◼ Interactivity ◼ Multimedia Developments in Communications Connectivity refers to the connection of computers to one Connectivity another by a communications line in order to provide online information access and/or the sharing of peripheral devices. Interactivity refers to two-way communication; the user can Interactivity respond to information he or she receives and modify what a computer is doing. refers to technology that presents information in more than Multimedia one medium—such as text, pictures, video, sound, and animation—in a single integrated communication. When Computers & Communications Converge  Sometime in the 1990s computers and communications started to converge, beginning a new era within the Information Age.  Convergence describes the combining of several industries through various devices that exchange data in the format used by computers.  Convergence has led to five additional developments:  Portability  Personalization  Collaboration  Cloud Computing  Artificial Intelligence When Computers & Communications Converge Portability: In the context of computer and communication, portability allows users to access their data and applications from various devices, such as smartphones, tablets, and laptops, without any compatibility issues. Collaboration: In the context of computer and communication, collaboration involves using technology to facilitate teamwork and cooperation. It enables individuals or groups to share information, communicate, and work on projects in real-time, regardless of their physical location. Personalization: In the context of computer and communication, personalization involves customizing technology and content to suit the user's preferences. This can include personalized recommendations, user interfaces, and settings. Latest Trends And Innovations In Communication Technology  The latest trends and innovations in communication technology are rapidly reshaping how we connect, share, and collaborate.  These new technologies are leveraged by businesses to improve productivity, enhance customer experiences, and streamline operations.  Following are the technologies: Artificial Intelligence Business Intelligence Cloud Computing RFID Biometrics Drone IOT Virtual Reality Industrial IOT Augmented Reality Artificial Intelligence Artificial Intelligence (AI) refers to the development of computer systems that can perform tasks that typically require human intelligence. These tasks include understanding natural language, recognizing patterns, solving problems, and learning from experience.  Example: Platforms like Facebook and Instagram use AI to recommend content, detect hate speech, and filter spam.  Amazon uses AI for personalized product recommendations, which increases customer engagement and sales. AI in Everyday life Cloud Computing  Cloud computing basically means that instead of storing your software and/or data on your own PC or your own company’s computers, you store it on servers on the Internet.  For example, Amazon Web Services (AWS) offers cloud storage, enabling companies like Netflix to stream video content to millions of users without needing their own data centers.  Google Drive: A cloud-based storage service that allows users to store files, documents, and photos and access them from any device with an internet connection. Biometrics  Biometrics refers to the use of unique biological characteristics (like fingerprints, facial recognition, or iris scans) to identify individuals. These are used in both security and identification systems.  Example: Apple’s Face ID uses facial recognition to unlock iPhones. Banks use fingerprint or facial biometrics to authenticate transactions.  Facial recognition is employed in airport security systems; and iris recognition is used in high-security areas like government buildings. Internet of Things (IoT)  Internet of Thing (IoT) refers to the network of interconnected devices that collect and exchange data over the internet.  Examples include smart home devices like thermostats and lighting systems, wearable fitness trackers, and connected vehicles. IoT Examples in Daily Life Industrial IoT (IIoT)  Industrial IoT (IIoT): A subset of IoT focused on industrial applications, IIoT uses connected devices to improve manufacturing processes, supply chain management, and operational efficiency.  Examples include smart sensors on factory machinery, predictive maintenance tools, and connected logistics solutions. IIoT Examples Business Intelligence (BI)  Business Intelligence (BI): BI refers to technologies and strategies used to analyze business data to support decision-making.  Examples include data visualization tools like Tableau, dashboards for real-time analytics, and predictive analytics in sales forecasting. Examples of Business Intelligence RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification)  RFID (Radio-Frequency Identification): RFID technology uses electromagnetic fields to automatically identify and track tags attached to objects.  Examples include inventory management in retail, contactless payment systems, and tracking shipments in logistics. Drone  Drones: Drones are unmanned aerial vehicles (UAVs) that can be remotely controlled or fly autonomously.  Examples include aerial photography and videography, agricultural monitoring, and package delivery services by companies like Amazon. Virtual Reality (VR)  Virtual Reality (VR): VR is an immersive technology that creates a simulated environment, allowing users to interact within a 3D space using special headsets.  Examples include training simulations for pilots, and virtual tours of real estate. Augmented Reality (AR)  Augmented Reality (AR): AR overlays digital information onto the real world, enhancing the user’s perception of their environment.  Examples include Pokémon GO as a gaming application, AR navigation in apps like Google Maps, and interactive product displays in retail stores. AR and VR Examples