Nervous System Exam - PDF
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Uploaded by EnoughAwareness2562
Queens College of the City University of New York
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Summary
This document provides an overview of the nervous system components and details the primary divisions. It includes different types of neurons and their functions.
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1. Two primary divisions make up the nervous system: the central nervous system and the primary nervous system. 1. Nervous System Role: It is the main system that controls and coordinates the body. It constantly monitors and processes sensory inf...
1. Two primary divisions make up the nervous system: the central nervous system and the primary nervous system. 1. Nervous System Role: It is the main system that controls and coordinates the body. It constantly monitors and processes sensory information from inside and outside the body. It works like a computer, combining new information with stored information to create responses. Everything we think, feel, and do reflects its activity. 2. Divisions of the Nervous System: Central Nervous System (CNS): Includes the brain and spinal cord. Peripheral Nervous System (PNS): Includes all parts of the nervous system outside the CNS, such as: Nerves Sensory receptors Clusters of neuron cell bodies 3. Cell Types in Nervous Tissue: Despite being complex, nervous tissue is made up of only two types of cells: Neurons: Handle communication and send signals. Neuroglia: Support and protect neurons. 2. The neuroglia = the nerve glue = glial cells 3. Schwann cells = Neurolemmocytes - Neurons or nerve cells are the basic functional units of nervous tissue. - - Cell body is biosynthetic center of the neuron - In CNS cell bodies make up the nuclei - In PNS, the cell bodies make up the ganglia - The nucleus is surrounded by a cytoplasm: in cytoplasm, it is found neurofibrils and chromatophilic substance. - Neurofibrils - cytoskeletal elements, helps and support the cell - chromatophilic substance - darkly staining structures(group of rough er) - Astrocytes are the most abundant SNS neuralgia - - - - Unipolar Neurons: One short process splits into peripheral (receptive) and central (axon) processes. Found in neurons sending signals to the CNS. Also called pseudounipolar neurons. - Bipolar Neurons: Two processes (one dendrite, one axon). Rare, found in sensory organs like eyes, ears, and olfactory mucosa. - Multipolar Neurons: Many processes (one axon, rest dendrites). Found in the brain, spinal cord, and neurons carrying signals away from the CNS. - - - Somatic nervous system = voluntary nervous system Automatic nervous system = involuntary nervous system
