I-Overview-of-Hospitality-and-Tourism-edited.pptx

I-Overview of Hospitality and Tourism MS. FLORABHEL R. TINTE LEARNING OUTCOMES After studying this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Explain the scope of tourism and hospitality industry. 2. Discuss the current themes in the industry 3. Discuss the forecasted growth of the industry up to year...

I-Overview of Hospitality and Tourism MS. FLORABHEL R. TINTE LEARNING OUTCOMES After studying this chapter, you will be able to: 1. Explain the scope of tourism and hospitality industry. 2. Discuss the current themes in the industry 3. Discuss the forecasted growth of the industry up to year 2030 4. Explain the interrelationship between tourism and other disciplines 5. Define tourism, hospitality, leisure and recreation 6. Analyze the main motivations for travel. 7. Compare and contrast the different forms of tourism 8. Explain the role of the global organizations in the industry DYNAMIC, COMPLEX INTERCONNECTED  Itbrings together of product and services, processes and people from all walks of life  There is probably no other industry in the world that can claim that a single transaction affects several other businesses  It shows the breadth and depth of tourism  Itcovers a wide range of products, services and processes designed on specific interest and requirements  CURRENT THEMES IN TOURISM AND HOSPITALITY 1. Accessibility 11. Risk Assessment 2. Inclusivity 12. Code of conduct for responsible & ethical travelers 3. Co-Creation of Tourism Products 13. Privacy due to big data analytics 4. Artificial Intelligence 14.Special Interest tourism 5. Virtual Tourism 15. Authentic experiences 6. Climate change 16. Experiential travel 7. Big data analytics 17.Child protection 8. Social Media 18. Gender sensitivity 9. Sustainability 19. Drug trafficking 10. Safety and security 20. Animal rights TOURISM FORECAST TO 2030  GLOBAL The World Travel and Tourism Council (WTTC) revealed that the industry generated US$8.3 trillion to the global economy in 2017 (WTTC, 2018). The United Nations World Tourism Organization (UNWTO) predicted that there will be 1.8 billion international tourist arrivals by 2030, an average increase of 43 million a year between the years 2010 and 2030. In the same year; 58% of arrivals will be seen in emerging destinations in Asia, Latin America, Central and Eastern Europe, Eastern Mediterranean Europe, the Middle East & Africa. However, it is Philippines  According to WTTC, tourism’s direct contribution to the 2017 Gross Domestic Product was PHP 1,377.7 billion and forecasted to increase by 5.7% per year from 2018-2028, to reach PHP 2,547.8 billion.  Travel and tourism investments in 2017 was PHP 95.1 billion and expected to reach PHP 164.5 billion by the year 2028.  THE STUDY OF TOURISM  Tourism is multi disciplinary and inter disciplinary  Pedagogy in the 21st century emphasizes student-centered learning as well as the application of soft skills that help ensure the success in the professional world. TOURISM AND THE LIBERAL ARTS -It includes social sciences and humanities. The social sciences include history, anthropology, sociology, economics and psychology and latter subdivided into philosophy, religion, literature, languages, linguistic, history and arts. -The arts can be classified either performing arts such as choir, drams or visual arts that includes, sculptures, painting and photography. - The study of tourism becomes interesting when these are incorporated  TOURISM AND BUSINESS  Study of management, marketing, finance, accounting, statistics, operations, business policy and law.  Tourism leaders must be highly capable of planning, organizing, leading, controlling and evaluating which are the key functions of management.  Executives must ensure the sustainability of the business as well as contribute to the overall growth and profitability (Goeldner and Ritchie, 2012).  Tourism must ensure high standard of business ethics= refers to responsible decision making that heavily depends on the personal values of all the stakeholders as well as the culture of the organization. Business ethics require commitment to integrity and social responsibility specially on the issues that relates to child labour, unfair trade practices, trafficking, environmental damage and inclusivity TOURISM AND CSR  The concept of triple bottom line was first coined by John Elkington. The 3 Ps refer to Profit, People, Planet.Often refer to as the balance scorecard, triple bottom line refers to an organization’s interest in full disclosure and accountability.  This takes into consideration three different measures of corporate operations----financial, social and environmental.  Profit is measured by the financial statements and can be based on metrics such as return on investment, liquidity, sales and revenues.  The other P, people refers to human resources which includes employment, suppliers and members of the community where the establishment is located.  While the third P, Planet refers to the environmental responsibility and contributions to sustainability. TOURISM ON THE 21ST CENTURY LEARNING SKILLS NEEDED:  Critical Thinking  Creativity  Collaboration  Communication  Information Literacy  Media Literacy  Technology Literacy  Flexibility  Problem Solving  RESPONSIBLE TOURISM  The United Nations World Tourism Organization published a manifesto on how to become a more responsible tourist (UNWTO, 2016).  Open your mind to other cultures and traditions---it will transform your experience, you will earn respect and be more readily welcomed by local people.  Be tolerant and respect diversity----observe local and cultural traditions and practices. Respect human rights.  Help preserve natural environments----Protect wildlife and do not purchase products made from endangered plants and animals.  Respect cultural resources----Activities should be conducted with respect, purchase local handicrafts and products to support local economy.  Learn as much as possible about your destination and take time to understand their customs and traditions.  Familiarize yourself with the law so that you do not commit any act considered criminal, by the law of the country visited. KEY CONCEPTS  Tourism and hospitality focus on providing of goods and services; leisure refers to the use and concept of time; while recreation is related to activities done during one’s free time (Resinger, 2001,p 5).  TOURISM (According to the UNWTO, 1994, p.5) -comprises the activities of persons travelling to and staying in places outside their usual environment for not more than one consecutive year for leisure, business and other purposes.  Hospitality  Comes from the Latin word hospitare which means “to receive as a guest”. According to Dittmer and Griffin (2009), this refers to the tradition that a host is ready to provide food, drinks and lodging for someone away from home.  Resunger (2001) states hospitality includes the “reception” and entertainment of travellers, the way they are treated by industry employees and an overall concern for their well-being and satisfaction.  The pineapple which was originally served only to members of the royal court, has become the international symbol or warmth, friendship and hospitality (Dittmer and Graffin, 2009). TRAVEL -refers to the regular movement of people, usually to and from school and /or work. It is a term that covers both tourism related activities as well as non-tourism understandings, such as immigration, commuting or exploring (McIntosh, Goeldner and Ritchie, 1995).In addition, travel includes trips for medical procedures; military and assignments ; attendance to conventions, conferences and exhibitions among similar activities.  Leisure  refers to the discretionary time, is the time remaining after working, commuting, sleeping and doing necessary household and personal chores which can be used in a chosen way (Tribe, 2011p.3)The concept of leisure originated with activities reserved for the elite. However , the industrial revolution along with better wages propelled interest in leisure for the working classes  By the 19th century , leisure become synonymous with entertainment, travel and festivals. These empowered people from all walks of life to enjoy activities originally reserved for a few. RECREATION -refers to pursuits undertaken in leisure time which include home based activities such as reading , watching television, and those outside of home including sports theater, cinema and tourism (Tribe, 2011, p.3) -However, Poria, Butler and Airey (2010) define recreation to any activity which an individual associates with enjoyment not limited by time and space and is up THREE MAIN MOTIVATIONS FOR TRAVEL  Travel refers to the movement of people from one location to another  TRAVELLER-is someone who moves between geographic locations for any purpose and any duration (UNWTO, 2010). THREE MAIN REASONS WHY PEOPLE TRAVEL 1.Leisure 2. Business 3. Mix business with pleasure LEISURE  It refers to travel meant for relaxation; visiting friends and relatives(VFR); for shopping and for experiencing unique cultures and traditions.  According to Page and Connell (2010), leisure provides “an outlet and an opportunity to do different things from the routine, daily activities and a break from physical and mental requirements of employment LEISURE TRAVEL INCLUDES, BUT NOT LIMITED TO THE FOLLOWING: 1.Religious or spiritual tours or pilgrimages 2. Health and wellness trips 3. Medical, dental and cosmetic procedures 4.Shopping 5. Participation and or interest in sports 6. Attending festivals 7. Vacation trips BUSINESS  This refers to travel categorized under the Meetings, Incentives, Conventions and Exhibitions (MICE) Industry.  For individuals and groups, business travel includes attendance and or participation in conferences and exhibitions; networking with trade partners; sourcing suppliers, establishing offices in new locations, meeting potential buyers, expanding market share, generating sales leads and selling wholesale to volume buyers. BLEASURE (Business and Leisure)  People usually combine business travel with leisure activities. For example , an executive attending a business meeting may decide to watch a concert at the cultural center; then go to shopping before her flight back home.  Another example. a young student on an internship will usually visit attractions near the university, enjoy the cuisine served in restaurants; and attend special events while learning on the job training. FORMS OF TOURISM  The IRTS or International Recommendations for Tourism Statistics distinguished three forms of tourism 1. DOMESTIC TOURISM-Comprises the activities of a resident visitor within the country of reference either as part of a domestic tourism trip. 2. INBOUND TOURISM-Comprises of activities of a non-resident visitor within the country of reference on an inbound tourism trip (IRTS 2008, 2.39b) 3.OUTBOUND TOURISM-Comprises the activities of a resident visitor outside the country of reference, either as part of an outbound tourism trip. When these forms are combined, there are three other categories :INTERNAL TOURISM, NATIONAL TOURISM AND INTERNAL TOURISM  Comprises domestic tourism and inbound tourism , that is, activities of resident and non-resident within the country of reference as part of domestic or international tourism trips (IRTS 2008, 2.40a)  NATIONAL TOURISM-Comprises domestic tourism and outbound tourism, the activities of resident visitors within and outside the country of reference, either as part of domestic or outbound tourism trips (IRTS 2008, 2.40b)  INTERNATIONAL TOURISM-Comprises inbound tourism and outbound tourism, that is, activities of resident visitors outside the country of reference, either as part of domestic or outbound tourism trips and the activities of non-resident visitors within the country of reference on inbound tourism trips (IRTS 2008, 2.40c) DISTINCTIONS BETWEEN TRAVELLERS AND VISITORS  The UNWTO distinguishes the characteristics of travellers and visitors based on their purpose  INTERNATIONAL VISITORS-are returning outbound visitors , such as residents or arriving inbound visitors in the case of non residents versus international travelers who are individuals , not considered tourist, because their trip was either due to employment or was within their usual environment. (IRTS 2008 2.44)  VISITOR-is a traveller taking a trip to a main destination outside his or her usual environment, for less than a year for any main purpose (Business, leisure or other personal purpose) other than to be employed by a resident entity in the country or place visited (IRTS 2008, 2.9)  TRAVELLER- is someone who moves between geographic location, for any purpose and any duration (IRTS 2008, 2.4).  In addition, a visitor can be categorized as either a tourist or an excursionist  Tourist (Overnight stay) This refers to a visitor (domestic, inbound or outbound) whose trip includes an overnight stay (IRTS 2008, 2.13).  Excursionist (Same-Day Visitor) This refers to a visitor (domestic, inbound or outbound) who does not include an overnight stay (IRTS 2008, 2.13) Some examples of same day visitors are the following 1.Cruise passengers who arrive in a country on a cruise ship and return to the ship each night to sleep on board even though the ship remain in port for several days 2. Owners and passengers of yachts 3.Passeneger on a group tour accommodated in a train 4. Crew members (of cruise ships) who do not spend the night in the country of destination 5. Visitors who arrived and leave on the same day, in transit to and from their destination In addition, the UNWTO definition of a visitor excludes:  Military personnel of foreign governments & members of the diplomatic corps as well as their accompanying dependents in tourism statistics as they are considered residents in their place of work (IRTS 2008, 2.45.)  In addition, armed forces on maneuver are not considered as visitors (IRTS 2008, 2.47) GLOBAL ORGANIZATIONS The UNWTO and WTTC are the main organizations involved in tourism. There are other organizations involved in ecotourism, fair trade practices and other specialized fields and or regions UNITED NATIONS WORLD TOURISM ORGANIZATION (UNWTO)  With 156 member-countries and more than 400 affiliate members the UNWTO is the United Nations agency responsible for the promotion of responsible, sustainable and universally accessible tourism and it promotes tourism as a driver of economic growth , inclusive development and environmental sustainability and offers leadership and support to the sector in advancing knowledge and tourism policies worldwide (UNWTO, 2019)  WORLD TRAVEL TOURISM COUNCIL (WTTC) -is the body which represents the travel and tourism private sector globally. It works to raise awareness of travel and tourism as one of the world’s largest economic sector. Its priorities are security and travel facilitation, crisis preparedness, management and recovery and sustainable growth (WTTC, 2019b).  PACIFIC ASIA TRAVEL ASSOCIATION  (PATA) of Asia Pacific travel and tourism industry. was established in 1951, is a non profit organization providing direction for the development  It aims include the promotion and facilitation of intra-regional travel within Southeast Asia and the Pacific Region  It also provides aligned advocacy, insightful research and innovate events to its member organization (PATA, 2019) INTERNATIONAL HOTEL AND RESTAURANRT ASSOCIATION (IHRA) -Established in 1859, the IHRA is the only business organization representation of the hospitality industry worlwide.It is devoted to promoting and defending the interest of the hotel and restaurant industry worldwide. -The organization is tasked to monitor issues that are raised by major international organizations involved in tourism; represent the collective industry interest before policy makers; lobby for better recognition of the hospitality industry worldwide, create global council around industry issues to debate positions and create solutions; listen to its members to assure that all issues are addressed ; plan a series of informative council and board meetings and an annual congress; and provide support where requested to lend weight to local and regional issues (IH&RA, 2016).  ASIA PACIFIC ECONOMIC COOPERATION (APEC)TOURISM WORKING GROUP (TWG)  was formed in 1991 as a platform for tourism administrators of APEC economies to share information, exchange views and develop areas of cooperation in tourism trade and policies  It pursues partnerships with relevant tourism stakeholders to progress its work in the coming year (APEC, 2018) UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION (UNESCO) -UNESCO’S mission is to contribute to the building of a culture of peace, the eradification of poverty, sustainable development and international dialogue through education, the sciences, culture, communication and information. Its key objectives are as follows:  Continuation 1. Attaining quality education for all and lifelong learning, mobilizing science knowledge and policy for sustainable development ; 2. Addressing emerging social and ethical challenges; 3. Fostering cultural diversity. 4.Intercultural dialogue and a culture of peace 5.Building inclusive knowledge societies through information and communication (UNESCO, 2017) WORLD HERITAGES SITES IN THE PHILIPPINES (As of February 28, 2019) there are 6 UNESCO World Heritage Sites in the Philippines 1. Baroque Churches -San Agustin Church in Intramuros Manila -Paoay Church in Ilocos Norte -Santa Maria Church in Ilocos Sur Continuation 2. Historic town of Vigan 3.Rice Terraces of the Cordilleras 4. Puerto Princesa Subterranean River National Park 5. Tubbataha Reefs Natural Park 6.Mount Hamiguitan Range Wildlife Sanctuary TENTATIVE LIST OF NOMINEESS FOR THE UNESCO WORLD HERITAGE LIST 1. Apo Reef Natural Park 9. Butuan Archeological Sites 2. Baroque Church of the Philippines (Extension) 10. Mt. Mantalingahan Protected Landscape 3. Batanes Protected Landscape and seascapes 11. Mt. Iglit -Baco National Park 4. Chocolate Hills Natural Monument 12. Mt. Malindang Range Natural Park 5. Coron Island Natural Biotic Area 13. Mt. Matutum Protected Landscape 6. El Nido-Taytay Managed Resource Protected Area 14. Mt. Pulag National Park 7. Kabayan Mummy Burial Caves 15. Panglao Island Bohol 8. Mayon Volcano Natural Parks 16. Turtle Islands Wildlife Sanctuary  ASSOCIATION OF SOUTHEAST ASIAN NATIONS (ASEAN)  is composed of Brunei Darussalam Cambodia, Indonesia, Lao PDR, Malaysia, Myanmar, the Philippines , Singapore , Thailand and Vietnam  They have agreed to develop and implement a marketing startegy to seek tourist in medium and long haul markets such as the United Kingdom, Australia, India, North America and Hongkong positioning the region as a competitive and world class tourist destination (ASEAN, 2016). The strategy emphasize that By 2025 , ASEAN will be a quality tourism destination offering a unique diverse ASEAN experience and will continued to responsible , sustainable , inclusive, balanced tourism development, so as to contribute significally to the socioeconomic well being of ASEAN people (ASEAN, 2015). The ASEAN Tourism campaign is designed to showcase diversity, warmth, and hospitality as a Quality Single Destination (ASEAN, 2007) thru the following:  Experiential travel  Creative travel  Adventure travel  Extended-long stay tourism  Generic and mass travel (shopping, visiting family and friends, food entertainment, spas, sightseeing and urban experiences)  Business -related travel  ASEAN for ASEAN (Coordination between countries)  To achieve its visitor targets , six experiential and creative travel themes are being promoted by member states of region. They are the themes designed to increase travel to and within the ASEAN 1. The taste of Southeast Asia 2. ASEAN, a Tropical Paradise 3. World Class Cities 4.Experience Diverse Traditions 5.Sports and recreation 6. Diverse contemporary creativity (focusing innovation & co creation with the consumers)