hypertensions1.docx

Quiz: Hypertension 1\. What is the primary determinant of blood pressure in the pathophysiology of hypertension? \- A) Cardiac output and peripheral resistance \- B) Blood glucose levels \- C) Red blood cell count \- D) Calcium levels Answer: A) Cardiac output and peripheral resistance 2\. Wh...

Quiz: Hypertension 1\. What is the primary determinant of blood pressure in the pathophysiology of hypertension? \- A) Cardiac output and peripheral resistance \- B) Blood glucose levels \- C) Red blood cell count \- D) Calcium levels Answer: A) Cardiac output and peripheral resistance 2\. Which system plays a key role in the regulation of blood pressure in patients with hypertension? \- A) Digestive system \- B) Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) \- C) Immune system \- D) Reproductive system Answer: B) Sympathetic nervous system (SNS) and Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) 3\. Which percentage of hypertension cases is classified as primary (essential) hypertension? \- A) 50% \- B) 90% \- C) 30% \- D) 70% Answer: B) 90% 4\. Which of the following is a typical presenting feature of hypertension when symptoms occur? \- A) Chest pain \- B) Dizziness and headache (occipital) \- C) Abdominal bloating \- D) Skin rash Answer: B) Dizziness and headache (occipital) 5\. Which of the following is a potential vascular consequence of uncontrolled hypertension? \- A) Heart failure \- B) Renal failure \- C) Stroke \- D) All of the above Answer: D) All of the above 6\. What is the classification of a blood pressure reading of 160/95 mmHg? \- A) Normal blood pressure \- B) Stage 1 hypertension \- C) Stage 2 hypertension \- D) Severe hypertension Answer: C) Stage 2 hypertension 7\. Which of the following is an adverse consequence of hypertension on the cardiovascular system? \- A) Bradycardia \- B) Myocardial infarction (MI) \- C) Deep vein thrombosis (DVT) \- D) Pulmonary embolism Answer: B) Myocardial infarction (MI) 8\. Which blood pressure threshold defines hypertensive urgency? \- A) 120/80 mmHg \- B) 140/90 mmHg \- C) 180/110 mmHg \- D) 200/130 mmHg Answer: C) 180/110 mmHg 9\. Which lifestyle modification is most recommended for managing hypertension? \- A) Increased alcohol consumption \- B) Reduced sodium intake \- C) Increased dietary fat \- D) Reduced fiber intake Answer: B) Reduced sodium intake 10\. Which of the following medications is a first-line treatment for hypertension? \- A) Calcium channel blockers \- B) ACE inhibitors \- C) Beta-blockers \- D) ARBs Answer: B) ACE inhibitors 11\. Which of the following is a common adverse effect of ACE inhibitors? \- A) Hypokalemia \- B) Dry cough \- C) Increased heart rate \- D) Constipation Answer: B) Dry cough 12\. Which of the following medications should be avoided in pregnancy when treating hypertension? \- A) Beta-blockers \- B) ARBs \- C) Calcium channel blockers \- D) Thiazide diuretics Answer: B) ARBs 13\. Which organ is primarily affected in hypertensive nephropathy? \- A) Liver \- B) Kidneys \- C) Pancreas \- D) Heart Answer: B) Kidneys 14\. Which class of antihypertensive drugs acts by blocking the conversion of angiotensin I to angiotensin II? \- A) ARBs \- B) Calcium channel blockers \- C) ACE inhibitors \- D) Beta-blockers Answer: C) ACE inhibitors 15\. Which of the following is a non-modifiable risk factor for hypertension? \- A) Smoking \- B) High salt intake \- C) Age \- D) Physical inactivity Answer: C) Age 16\. What is the mechanism of action of ARBs in treating hypertension? \- A) Blocking beta-adrenergic receptors \- B) Blocking angiotensin II receptors \- C) Inhibiting renin release \- D) Increasing sodium excretion Answer: B) Blocking angiotensin II receptors 17\. Which of the following is an appropriate monitoring parameter when using ACE inhibitors? \- A) Liver enzymes \- B) Serum potassium and creatinine \- C) Blood glucose levels \- D) Complete blood count Answer: B) Serum potassium and creatinine 18\. Which of the following is a potential consequence of untreated hypertension? \- A) Stroke \- B) Diabetes mellitus \- C) Hepatitis \- D) Asthma Answer: A) Stroke 19\. Which of the following antihypertensive agents is commonly used in patients with heart failure? \- A) Calcium channel blockers \- B) Beta-blockers \- C) Thiazide diuretics \- D) Alpha-blockers Answer: B) Beta-blockers 20\. Which of the following drugs is commonly associated with ankle edema as a side effect in hypertensive patients? \- A) ARBs \- B) Beta-blockers \- C) Calcium channel blockers \- D) Thiazide diuretics Answer: C) Calcium channel blockers Short Answer Questions: 1\. Describe the role of the Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosterone System (RAAS) in the pathophysiology of hypertension. Answer: The RAAS increases blood pressure by promoting vasoconstriction and increasing sodium and water retention, which increases blood volume and systemic vascular resistance. 2\. Explain the potential adverse effects of ACE inhibitors in managing hypertension. Answer: Common adverse effects of ACE inhibitors include dry cough, hyperkalemia, hypotension, decreased renal function, and rare cases of angioedema. 3\. What are the main presenting features of hypertension when symptoms occur? Answer: When symptoms occur, they may include headaches (especially occipital), dizziness, palpitations, blurred vision, epistaxis, and signs of end-organ damage such as chest pain or edema. 4\. Why is regular blood pressure monitoring important in managing hypertension? Answer: Regular monitoring ensures that blood pressure remains within target levels, assesses treatment efficacy, detects potential side effects, and helps to prevent complications such as stroke and heart attack.