Hydrotherapy Lecture 2 PDF

HYDROTHERAPY
PST 309 AKINTAYO NIYI DAVID OBJECTIVES At the end of this class every student should be able to: 1. Describe the different types of pools and it’s difference from normal pools 2. Describe how to care and maintain a hydrotherapy pool. 3. Describe how to set up a hydrothe...

HYDROTHERAPY
PST 309 AKINTAYO NIYI DAVID OBJECTIVES At the end of this class every student should be able to: 1. Describe the different types of pools and it’s difference from normal pools 2. Describe how to care and maintain a hydrotherapy pool. 3. Describe how to set up a hydrotherapy facility 4. List and describe some exercise and flotation equipments. 5. Describe the screening procedures before aquatic exercise 6. Describe the safety procedures in a hydrotherapy pool. TYPES OF POOL Hydrotherapy pools are usually different from normal swimming pools. There are different types of Hydrotherapy pools depending on who is using it and what its used for. Some of the major difference between an Hydrotherapy pool and a normal swimming pool are: Water temperature Location Equipments A Hydrotherapy pool can be a made as concrete pool or stainless steel modular pool. Below is an example of a Hydrotherapy pool made from stainless steal IMMERSION TECHNIQUES IN HYDROTHERAPY i. Whirlpool is a type of hydrotherapy pool common to the modern world.
These are small pools which use heated water and targeted jets.
ii. Whirl pool are stainless steel tanks of various sizes iii. It has an attached motor unit called TURBINE- to agitate the water in the tank to create whirl pool effect iv. Unlike therapeutic pool WP are intended to used as single patient treatments and must be drained and cleaned after each used. v. This helps in relaxation, relief from joint or musculature issues. vi. They are usually found at health spas, gyms, hotels, and sometimes at home versions. vii. It could sit between one and four people, although there are larger versions which could sit more than 4 people VARIETY OF WHIRL POOL (WP) High Boy Whirl Pool Tank It is also called HIP tanks It measures as i. length: 36-48 inches ii. Width: 20-24 inches iii. Depth 28 inches It requires a chair or lift to transfer patients in and out of the tank Patients usually sits on a removable sits attached to the tank or an a chair outside the tank with their lower extremity dangling in the tank VARIETY OF WHIRL POOL (WP) Low Boy Whirl Pool Dimension i. Length: 52-66 inches ii. Width: 24 inches iii. Depth: 18 inches It is designed for ease of transfer in and out of the tank an for patient to sit in a long sitting position VARIETY OF WHIRL POOL (WP) Extremity Whirl Pool Dimension i. Length: 28-32 inches ii. Width: 15 inches iii. Depth: 18-25 inches It is very small in size. It is designed for the distal extremity (ankle and foot , wrist hand and fingers HUBBARD TANK Hubbard tank is a large whirlpool designed for a whole body immersion and for patients who are not able to stand in aquatic pool. It has a wide top and bottom and a narrow middle to provide space necessary to exercise the extremities Patients can be lowered into the tank with the use of hydraulic or electronic lift or with a stretcher It has two movable turbines which can be moved round the perimeter of the pool to provide and control water agitation pattern. It is beneficial to: 1. Patients with arthritis who cannot stand & walk for long and cannot negotiate transfer (Elderly Patients) 2. Patients with neurological condition who can move the limb in water but cannot move it on land 3. Burn patient when there are no contraindication to water immersion MAINTENANCE OF A HYDROTHERAPY POOL Proper care should be taken because the pools are used with individuals that maybe susceptible to infection. Unless the water is replaced after every session, a hydrotherapy pool should have a water treatment plant perform the following basic functions: disinfection with a disinfecting agent such as chlorine or bromide filtration, to take solid contaminants out of the water Circulation heating, to maintain a proper temperature for hydrotherapy FACTORS TO CONSIDER WHEN BUILDING A POOL 1. Privacy Rules 2. Drainage Counts 3. Shine Your Light 4. Clear the Air 5. Go High Tech 6. Easy In/Out 7. Make Maintenance Handy 8. Pump Up the Music. FLOATATION AND EXERCISE EQUIPMENT Flotation and exercise equipments are very important whilst managing patients in a hydrotherapy pool. Below are some exercise equipments: 1. Mobile Hoist Invacare Birdie: this helps to assist with transfers. Maximum user weight 150kg 2. Aquaboard: The aquaboard is used to recover and immobilize a casualty from the pool. 3. Mobile Shower Changing Table Height adjustable: Padded side rail flattens horizontally to facilitate lateral transfers from the bed. 4. Defibrillator: This device could be used to restart a patient’s heart during `cardiac arrest`, where their heart has stopped pumping blood effectively. 5. Wall Mounted Hairdryers: They are mounted to be accessible to everyone including wheelchair users. 6. Walking Frames: this is the best walking aid in a pool environment, as it is not advisable to use crutches or walking sticks poolside. 7. Grab Rails Portable: The grab rails are to supplement the fixed rails to provide extra support exactly at the right height for you. 8. Wrist and Ankle Weights: The weights can be used for strength training and can help to strengthen and tone the upper and lower body muscle groups. 9. Aquatic Dumbbells: can be used in the pool, they help strengthen your upper body by providing resistance in the water. 10. Flippers Pairs: they come in small and large sizes. They help build leg strength, boost the upward and downward thrust and encourage ankle flexibility. 11. Aquafins: usually one-size-fits-all cuffs and the fins are made of soft rubber for strength and flexibility, and can be worn comfortably on the wrists or ankles for full body conditioning. 12. Baby Swim Supports: baby swimming support seats are usually for children of 0-1 and 1-2 years of age. Babies must be supervised at all times whilst using the swim support. Changing board Invacare Birdie Defibrillator Aqua Board FLOTATION AIDS 1. Aquasage Sets: The Aquasage is perfect for use as a body floatation aid. 2. Hydro-Buoys or Flotation Belts: provides outstanding buoyancy, comfort and freedom of movement in the water. 3. Swimming Discs: they are unsinkable discs made from coated foam. Giving free unobstructed movement of the arms due to concentric flexible armholes. 4. Arm Bands, Swim Rings, Dumbbells and Kick Boards: Used as flotation aids to target and tone the body, improves arm and leg strength. Arms can also be exercised using the kick boards. 5. Collars 6. Ring 7. Swim bars 8. Gloves 9. Hand Paddles 10. Hydrotone bars 11. Hydrotone boots POOL FACILITY Pool facility must have certain characteristics i. Should be at least 10 by 12ft with adequate access ii. Should have shallow and deep areas (average depth of 5ft) iii. Flat pool floor with marked gradients iv. Adequate temperature usually between 78°F and 82°F (26°C and 28°C). v. Prefabricated with provisions for current producing devices such as treadmill and other accessories vi. Chlorine compounds such as sodium hypochlorite solution, calcium hypochlorite granules/tablets, sodium dichloroisocyanurate granules, and others SCREENING PRIOR TO ENTRY INTO THE POOL 1. All clients should have a land based physiotherapy assessment prior to commencing aquatic physiotherapy. a) Presence of infectious conditions and related risk for infection such as open skin, active skin conditions or wound areas. b) The level of assistance required for transfers in and out of the pool c) Medical history, current medications and health status with particular regard to the physiological effects of immersion and exercise. d) Ability to communicate including adequate vision, hearing, language and verbal skills. e) Risk related to cognition and behaviour. f) Risk related to anxiety and fear of water. g) Assessment of falls risk. h) Past and current swimming ability or the ability to regain a safe breathing position in water if safe to do so. 2. Ensure clinical contra indications are enforced. 3. Take water samples for bacteriological screening on a weekly basis. 4. Ensure staff and patients shower before entering the pool. 5. Check patients for foot infections and provide protective footwear. SAFETY IN POOL WATER 1. Ensure staff and patients wear suitable footwear and the pool side area is maintained a dry as possible. 2. Ensure that no-one runs or plays around the pool. 3. Ensure to alert the clinical staff when the water quality reading is unsafe. 4. Monitor temperature 5. Monitor pH 6. Ensure effectiveness of maintenance procedures 7. Ensure disinfection control and check Water Balance