Hydraulics Prelim PDF 2025

Document Code: CENG–F–CMT Document Title: Course Module Template MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Page No: 1 of 8 An Autonomous University Revision No.: 0...

Document Code: CENG–F–CMT Document Title: Course Module Template MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Page No: 1 of 8 An Autonomous University Revision No.: 0 LUCENA CITY Effectivity Date: 15 August 2022 Prepared by: Jessa Mae A. Gomez, RCE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Instructor Reviewed by: Evangeline L. Constantino, RCE, MMEM QUALITY FORM Department Chair Approved by: Cielito V. Maligalig, RCE, MECE Acting Dean NAME OF THE Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering PROGRAM COURSE TITLE Hydraulics COURSE CODE HYBP324 PREREQUISITE/ CO- Dynamics of Rigid Bodies COURSE UNIT 4 units REQUISITE Mechanics of Deformable Bodies COURSE OUTCOME CO 1. Discuss the different liquid properties that are involved in the determination of pressure, forces and flow MODULE 1 INTRODUCTION TO HYDRAULICS & PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS LESSON LEARNING After successful completion of this module, students should be OUTCOME/S able to: LO 1.1: Characterize liquids according to its properties. LO 1.2: Compare the liquids at rest and liquids in motion in terms of its pressure TOPICS 1. Introduction Properties of fluids, water and air 2. Principles of hydrostatics Intensity of Pressure Pascal La WEEK / INCLUSIVE Week 1 – 2 DATE January 13 – 24, 2025 MODALITY Face – to – face meetings ▪ LESSON PROPER Fluid Mechanics A study of the behavior of fluids that are either at rest or in motion. Branches of Fluid Mechanics  Document Code: CENG–F–CMT Document Title: Course Module Template MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Page No: 2 of 8 An Autonomous University Revision No.: 0 LUCENA CITY Effectivity Date: 15 August 2022 Prepared by: Jessa Mae A. Gomez, RCE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Instructor Reviewed by: Evangeline L. Constantino, RCE, MMEM QUALITY FORM Department Chair Approved by: Cielito V. Maligalig, RCE, MECE Acting Dean Hydraulics Deals with the application of fluid mechanics to engineering devices involving liquids, usually water and oil. Types of Fluids Properties of Fluids Mass Density – refers to the mass of fluid that is contained in a unit volume. 𝑀 𝜌= 𝑉 Specific Weight (Unit Weight) – refers to the weight of the fluid per unit volume. 𝑊 𝛾= 𝑉 𝛾 = 𝜌𝑔 Specific Weight of air and gasses 𝑃𝑔 For air: 𝛾= 𝑅𝑇  Document Code: CENG–F–CMT Document Title: Course Module Template MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Page No: 3 of 8 An Autonomous University Revision No.: 0 LUCENA CITY Effectivity Date: 15 August 2022 Prepared by: Jessa Mae A. Gomez, RCE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Instructor Reviewed by: Evangeline L. Constantino, RCE, MMEM QUALITY FORM Department Chair Approved by: Cielito V. Maligalig, RCE, MECE Acting Dean Specific volume – refers to the volume occupied by a unit mass of fluid. 𝑉 𝑉𝑠 = 𝑚 Specific Gravity – is the dimensionless quantity that is defined as the ratio of the density or specific weight of material to some other substance that is taken as standard. For solid and liquids: 𝛾𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝜌 𝑙𝑖𝑞𝑢𝑖𝑑 𝑆= = 𝛾𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 𝜌 𝑤𝑎𝑡𝑒𝑟 For gasses: 𝛾𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝜌 𝑔𝑎𝑠 𝑆= = 𝛾𝑎𝑖𝑟 𝜌 𝑎𝑖𝑟 Bulk Modulus of water ∆𝑃 𝐸= ∆𝑉 𝑉 Coefficient of Compressibility – refers to the fractional change in the volume of a fluid per unit change in pressure (at constant temperature process). 1 𝛽= 𝐵𝑢𝑙𝑘 𝑀𝑜𝑑𝑢𝑙𝑢𝑠 Velocity of Sound 𝐸 𝑉=√ 𝜌 Kinetic or kinematic Viscosity - can be dynamic or absolute viscosity. Refers to the property of fluid which determines the amount of its resistance to shearing forces. Denotes opposition to flow. 𝑑𝑢 𝑈 𝜏=𝜇 = 𝜇 𝑑𝑦 𝑦 fixed plate  Document Code: CENG–F–CMT Document Title: Course Module Template MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Page No: 4 of 8 An Autonomous University Revision No.: 0 LUCENA CITY Effectivity Date: 15 August 2022 Prepared by: Jessa Mae A. Gomez, RCE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Instructor Reviewed by: Evangeline L. Constantino, RCE, MMEM QUALITY FORM Department Chair Approved by: Cielito V. Maligalig, RCE, MECE Acting Dean Kinematic Viscosity – refers to the ratio of the dynamic viscosity of the fluid to its mass density. 𝜇 Ѵ= Note: water 𝜌 μ = absolute viscosity Gas Law Ideal Gas Law 𝑝𝑉 = 𝑚𝑅𝑇 Boyle’s Law 𝑝1 𝑉1 = 𝑝2 𝑉2 Charle’s Law 𝑉1 𝑉2 = 𝑇1 𝑇2 Gay-Lussac’s Law 𝑝1 𝑝2 = 𝑇1 𝑇2 Combined Gas Law 𝑝1 𝑉1 𝑝2 𝑉2 = 𝑇1 𝑇2 Note: Pressure and temperature must be ABSOLUTE. Principle of Hydrostatic Pressure Pressure – refers to the force acting normal to the area considered. 𝐹 𝑝= 𝐴 Pascal’s Law – states that the intensity of pressure acting at a point in a fluid is the same in all directions. 𝑝1 = 𝑝2 = 𝑝3 Absolute Pressure – refers to the intensity of pressure measured above absolute zero. 𝑝𝑎𝑏𝑠 = 𝑝𝑔𝑎𝑔𝑒 + 𝑝𝑎𝑡𝑚 Atmospheric Pressure – refers to the absolute pressure measured at sea level under normal conditions.  Document Code: CENG–F–CMT Document Title: Course Module Template MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Page No: 5 of 8 An Autonomous University Revision No.: 0 LUCENA CITY Effectivity Date: 15 August 2022 Prepared by: Jessa Mae A. Gomez, RCE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Instructor Reviewed by: Evangeline L. Constantino, RCE, MMEM QUALITY FORM Department Chair Approved by: Cielito V. Maligalig, RCE, MECE Acting Dean Gage Pressure – refers to the intensity of pressure measured above or below the atmospheric pressure. Pressure (Unit Pressure) 𝑝 = 𝛾ℎ Pressure Variation with depth in a Fluid 𝑝2 = 𝑝1 + 𝛾ℎ 1.03 = specific gravity of seasalt water Note: In any continuous homogenous fluid at rest, the pressure at all points in a horizontal plane are the same. Pressure below layers of different liquids 𝑝𝑏𝑜𝑡𝑡𝑜𝑚 = 𝑝𝐴 + ∑ 𝛾ℎ Pressure head – refers to the height of a column of homogenous fluid of unit weight 𝛾 that will produce an intensity p. 𝑝 ℎ= 𝛾 Measurement of Static Pressure Barometer – refers to a device used in measuring intensities of pressure exerted by the atmosphere. Manometer – refers to a tube, usually bent in the form of a U, capable of measuring gage pressures.  Document Code: CENG–F–CMT Document Title: Course Module Template MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Page No: 6 of 8 An Autonomous University Revision No.: 0 LUCENA CITY Effectivity Date: 15 August 2022 Prepared by: Jessa Mae A. Gomez, RCE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Instructor Reviewed by: Evangeline L. Constantino, RCE, MMEM QUALITY FORM Department Chair Approved by: Cielito V. Maligalig, RCE, MECE Acting Dean Types of Manometers Problem Solving 1. What is the weight of a 45 kg boulder if it is brought to a place where the acceleration due to gravity is 395 m/s per minute? 2. Find the mass density of helium at a temperature of 4°C and a pressure of 184 KPa gage, if atmospheric pressure is 101.92 KPa. (R = 2079 J/kg · °K) 3. A cylindrical tank 80 cm in diameter and 90 cm high is filled with liquid. The tank and the liquid weighed 420 kg. The weight of the empty tank is 40 kg. What is the unit weight of the liquid in 𝐾𝑁/𝑚3. 4. If the pressure at a point in the ocean is 60 KPa, what is the pressure 27 meters below this point? A reservoir of glycerin has a mass of 1200 kg and a volume of 0.952 cu. m. 5. Find its weight in KN. 6. Find its unit weight. 7. Calculate its density.  Document Code: CENG–F–CMT Document Title: Course Module Template MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Page No: 9 of 12 An Autonomous University Revision No.: 0 LUCENA CITY Effectivity Date: 15 August 2022 Prepared by: Jessa Mae A. Gomez, RCE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Instructor Reviewed by: Evangeline L. Constantino, RCE, MMEM QUALITY FORM Department Chair Approved by: Cielito V. Maligalig, RCE, MECE Acting Dean NAME OF THE Bachelor of Science in Civil Engineering PROGRAM COURSE TITLE Hydraulics COURSE CODE HYBP324 PREREQUISITE/ CO- Dynamics of Rigid Bodies COURSE UNIT 4 units REQUISITE Mechanics of Deformable Bodies COURSE OUTCOME CO 1. Discuss the different liquid properties that are involved in the determination of pressure, forces and flow. MODULE 2 INTRODUCTION TO HYDRAULICS & PRINCIPLES OF HYDROSTATICS LESSON LEARNING After successful completion of this module, students should be OUTCOME/S able to: LO 1.3: Compute the forces in submerged bodies and apply in solving buoyancy problems. TOPICS 3. Principles of Archimedes on Buoyancy WEEK / INCLUSIVE Week 3 DATE January 27 – 31, 2025 MODALITY Face – to – face meetings Archimedes' Principle o A body at rest in a fluid is acted upon by a force pushing upward called the buoyant force, which is equal to the weight of the fluid that the body displaces. o If the body is completely submerged, the volume of fluid displaced is equal to the volume of the body. 𝐹 0 ↑ 𝐵𝐹 𝑊 0 𝐵𝐹 𝑊 𝜸 𝑳 𝑽𝑫 𝜸 𝑶 𝑽𝑻 Note: To solve problems in buoyancy, identify the forces acting upon and apply conditions of static equilibrium.  Document Code: CENG–F–CMT Document Title: Course Module Template MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Page No: 10 of 12 An Autonomous University Revision No.: 0 LUCENA CITY Effectivity Date: 15 August 2022 Prepared by: Jessa Mae A. Gomez, RCE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Instructor Reviewed by: Evangeline L. Constantino, RCE, MMEM QUALITY FORM Department Chair Approved by: Cielito V. Maligalig, RCE, MECE Acting Dean CONDITIONS IN BUOYANCY  Document Code: CENG–F–CMT Document Title: Course Module Template MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Page No: 11 of 12 An Autonomous University Revision No.: 0 LUCENA CITY Effectivity Date: 15 August 2022 Prepared by: Jessa Mae A. Gomez, RCE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Instructor Reviewed by: Evangeline L. Constantino, RCE, MMEM QUALITY FORM Department Chair Approved by: Cielito V. Maligalig, RCE, MECE Acting Dean Problem 1 An iceberg having specific gravity of 0.92 is floating on salt water of sp.gr. 1.03. If the volume of ice above the water surface is 1000 cu. m. 1. What is the total volume of the ice cu.m.? 2. Find the weight of the iceberg in KN. 3. If it floats in freshwater instead, what will be the volume above the water line? Problem 2 A block of wood 0.20 m thick is floating in sea water. The specific gravity of wood is 0.65 while that of seawater is 1.03. Find the minimum area of a block which support a man weighing 80 kg. Problem 3 A wooden spherical ball with SG = 0.42 and diameter 0.30 m dropped from a height of 4.5 m above the surface of a swimming pool. The ball barely touches the bottom of the pool. 1. What is the buoyant force on the ball? 2. How deep is the pool Problem 4 An iceberg (sg = 0.917) floats in ocean water with 3000 cu.m. of the iceberg protruding above the free surface. What is the volume of the iceberg below the free surface? Problem 5 A piece of wood floats in water 15 cm projecting above the water surface. When placed in oil, the block projects 10 cm above the liquid surface. 1. Calculate the height of the wood. 2. Calculate the specific gravity of the wood. 3. If the wood is vertically submerged in seawater (sg = 1.03) by how many millimeters would it project out the surface? Problem 6 A stone cube 280 mm on a side and weighing 425 N is lowered into a tank containing a layer of water over a layer of mercury. Determine the draft in mercury.  Document Code: CENG–F–CMT Document Title: Course Module Template MANUEL S. ENVERGA UNIVERSITY FOUNDATION Page No: 12 of 12 An Autonomous University Revision No.: 0 LUCENA CITY Effectivity Date: 15 August 2022 Prepared by: Jessa Mae A. Gomez, RCE COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING Instructor Reviewed by: Evangeline L. Constantino, RCE, MMEM QUALITY FORM Department Chair Approved by: Cielito V. Maligalig, RCE, MECE Acting Dean ▪ EQUIPMENT OR MATERIALS TO BE USED (for face-to-face) Lecture Materials Laptop / Desktop Power point presentation ▪ ACTIVITY / EXERCISES / ASSIGNMENT (for face-to-face) Recitation / Class Participation Quizzes / Seatwork / Problem Solving ▪ SUPPLEMENTARY LEARNING MATERIALS RE Hydraulics and Fluid Mechanics Engineering Review Books Recorded videos related to subject matter. ▪ REFERENCES Cohen, I.M., Pijsh K. K. (2016). Fluid Mechanics, Sixth Edition. MA, USA: Academic, Press Elsevier Gillesania, Diego Inocencio T. Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics, Fourth Edition. GERTC Review, Cebu City Besavilla, Venancio I. Fluid Mechanics and Hydraulics, Third Edition. Prepared by: Reviewed by: Approved by: Engr. Jessa Mae A. Gomez Engr. Evangeline L. Constantino Engr. Cielito V. Maligalig Faculty Department Chair Dean