Developmental Psychology PDF

**Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Developmental Theory** **Focus: social interaction/conflicts arising during different stages** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. **Piaget's developmental theory** **Focus:** explains development of thought processes and mental states, especially that of childrens vs...

**Erik Erikson's Psychosocial Developmental Theory** **Focus: social interaction/conflicts arising during different stages** 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. **Piaget's developmental theory** **Focus:** explains development of thought processes and mental states, especially that of childrens vs adults Sensorimotor - 0 to 2 yrs - Preoperational - 2 to 6 yrs - - - - Concrete operational - 7 to 11 yrs - - - Formal Operational - 12 to adulthood - - **Theory of Vygotsky - Social Theory of Cognitive Development** **Focus**: Development of language and, a general theory of development through actions & relationships in a socio-cultural environment **Zones of development** **Actual** - area where student has proven they are able to dos something **Proximal** -distance between what someone can do independently & what they can do with help (or support that facilitates learning) **Eventual** - discrepancy between the children's actual mental age and the problems they can solve with assistance **Kohlberg\'s Moral development theory** Focuses on how children develop morality and moral reasoning **Preconventional** = 3-7yrs Self-interest + avoiding punishment = moral reasoning based on reward and punishment **Conventional** = 8 - 13 yrs Law and order morality + good boy attitude = moral reasoning based on external ethics **Post-conventional** = adulthood Social contract + principle = moral reasoning based on personal ethics **Pregnancy & Conception** Placenta - - - Hazards of Prematurity - - - Immediate complications of premature births - - - - Long term complications of premature birth - - - - - - Risk factors for premature birth - - - - - - - Development of baby - 1st trimester 1. - 2. - - 3. - 4. - Second trimester - - - - - - - Ectopic pregnancy - when a fertilised egg implants outside of the uterus, usually in the fallopian tube Gestational diabetes - too high blood sugar levels during pregnancy Hyperemesis gravidarum - severe, persistent nausea & vomiting during pregnancy Placenta previa - placenta covers part or entire opening of cervix inside uterus Placenta abruption - placenta separates from uterine wall before delivery, which means foetus doesn't get enough oxygen **ZERO TO THREE** APGAR score Appearance Pulse Grimace Activity Respiration **Metabolic screening** - blood sample taken from baby's heel after 48 hrs of age, 28 conditions screened for: - - - **Nurturing nature** - Requires 2 things - - Primary attachment figure - usually child's birth mother - - Risk to healthy development - - - - **Vaccination for babies less than 1 years old** 6 weeks - - - 3 months - - - 5 months - - 15 months - - What are the vaccinations that are taken orally Rotavirus - ROTARIX Early Childhood (3-6 years) Leading causes of hospitalisation - infectious illnesses (respiratory, integumentary) Leading causes of death - cancer, suffocation, drowning, MVAs Risks to healthy development - - - Anti-smacking law - Every parent justified in using force if he force used is reasonable in the circumstances and is for the purpose of A. B. C. Police have discretion not to prosecute where the offence is considered to be inconsequential Protective factors - - - - - Middle & Late childhood (7-12 yrs) Common emotional problems - - - - - Protective factors - - - - - Adolescents (10-24 years) Kohlberg - stage 5: the social contract & stage 6: universal ethical principles Erikson - Identity vs role confusion Piaget - Formal operation **Puberty** To become capable of reproduction Starts with - - Commences between ages 9 and 16 - Takes 2 years to complete Changes in girls - - - - Changes in boys - - - - - - Physical changes Primary sex characteristics (changes in reproductive organs) **Secondary sex characteristics** (other bodily signs of sexual maturity) **Risk health for adolescents** Pregnancy, STD's, substance abuse, obesity, eating disorders, road traffic accidentts, depression, suicide Emotional adolescents development Early adolescence 13 -14 yrs - - - - - Late adolescence - 17 - 19 yrs - - - - Conduct disorder - persistent and repetitive pattern of aggressive and antisocial behaviour Early Adulthood (19-29 years) Erikson - intimacy vs isolation Piaget - Formal operational stage Protective factors - - - - - - - Middle Adulthood (40-64 years) Erikson - generativity vs stagnation Sandwich generation (40-50 years) - - - - - - - - Risks to health - - - - - - Protective factors - - - End stages of life 4 types of death - - - - Stages of death - - -