Human Populations Unit Test Review PDF (Geography 9, 2025)

Human Populations Unit Test Review Unit 2 Test Review: Human Populations Geography 9 – April 2024 Use the check-list below as a guide for your studying. Diagrams are also included in this review package, which you should be able to explain. For the Unit 2 Test on Tuesday, April 16, 2025 Populati...

Human Populations Unit Test Review Unit 2 Test Review: Human Populations Geography 9 – April 2024 Use the check-list below as a guide for your studying. Diagrams are also included in this review package, which you should be able to explain. For the Unit 2 Test on Tuesday, April 16, 2025 Population density ​ Population density → the number of people living in a certain area ​ Human settlement → a place where people live Population density Population growth: complete equations about population growth ​ Population growth = PG = (B –D) + (I – E) alternative way? Population ecologists make use of a variety of methods to model population dynamics. An accurate model should be able to describe the changes occurring in a population and predict future changes. The two simplest models of population growth use deterministic equations (equations that do not account for random events) to describe the rate of change in the size of a population over time. The first of these models, exponential growth, describes populations that increase in numbers without any limits to their growth. The second model, logistic growth, introduces limits to reproductive growth that become more intense as the population size increases. Neither model adequately describes natural populations, but they provide points of comparison. ​ Rule of 70 (Divide 70 by the population growth rate to get the doubling time in years) ​ The rule of 70 calculates the years it takes for an investment to double in value. It is calculated by dividing the number 70 by the investment's growth rate. The calculation is commonly used to compare investments with different annual interest rates.  ​ Doubling of population: ○​ The length of time that it would take for a population to double in size ○​ Assumed that the population is continuing to grow at the same rate ○​ Represented in years ○​ Calculation:70 divided by the growth rate (%) ​ Birth Rate ​ Death Rate UN, medium variant, 2019 rev. The average global birth rate was 17 births per 1,000 total population in 2024. The death rate was 7.9 per 1,000. The RNI was thus 0.91 percent. ​ Natural Increase RateNet Migration Rate ​ Net Increase Rate The net migration rate is the difference between the number of immigrants and the number of emigrants (people leaving an area) divided by the population. ​ Doubling Time/Rule of 70 Identify and explain different types of population distribution ​ Know the relevant terms (linear, scattered, clustered) ○​ Scattered population → a population distribution in which there are a few people living in a large area ○​ Clustered population → a population distribution which many people live in a small area of closely spaced houses/communities ○​ Linear population → a population distribution that is arranged in a narrow line ○​ Census metropolitain area → An urban area with a population of at least 100,000 ​ Explain patterns in Canadian population settlement ○​ Today, the majority of Canadians live in the Southern portion of the country within 100km of the United States border ○​ The majority of Canadians prefer to live in urban areas. Of Canada’s total population, 82% live in urban areas (suburb, city, or metropolis) ​ ⅕ Canadians live in rural areas ○​ Things that affect where people live in canada ​ Climate ​ Natural Resources ​ Transportation methods  ​ Government Policy ​ Explain the causes and consequences of urbanization & counter-urbanization ○​ Urbanization → Refers to the process by which people move from more rural areas to more urban areas (e.g hamlet to a suburb) ​ Why might they do this? ​ Reduced need for farm labor ​ Improvements in mobility ​ Consolidation of goods & services ○​ Counter organization → The movement of people down the urban hierarchy (suburb -> hamlet) ​ Why might people choose to do this? ​ Affordability ​ Overcrowding ​ Access to nature Analyze Population Pyramids ​ Identify & explain dependency load/ratio ○​ Dependency load → Percentage of the population that is non-working ​ Dependents rely on others for needs like food, money, care ​ Identify the difference between a growing, stagnant, and shrinking population ○​ Growing population → A Pyramid with a wide bottom shows population growth more people are being born than the number that are dying More young people than older people ○​ Stagnant population → Pyramid that has roughly the same base & top sizes. Births and deaths are about the same (steady population) ○​ Shrinking population → Bottom of the pyramid is smaller than the top (over 60 > under). More deaths than births - the population is shrinking. Larger number of older people compared to young people ​ Identify a pyramid with a youthful OR aging population, and explain the causes/impacts of this ○​ Youthful population → when there are more young people ​ impacts: There is high dependency in countries with youthful populations. This means that many children rely on a few adults to provide for their  needs. This hits the tax base of a country and also means that the few resources countries have are inadequate. ​ Fewer people in the workforce ​ Children reliant on adults to meet their needs ​ Overcrowding ​ Strain on resources ​ Incoming population growth ​ Focus on: Education, child-minding services, hospitals… ○​ Aging population → Impacts: The impacts of population aging are generally related to family changes, migration of youth to cities, need for support and care, need for attention to health problems, need for financial security, and, housing problems. ​ Fewer people in the workforce ​ Elderly people tend to buy fewer things ​ Population decreasing in size ​ Need to focus on pensions, living facilities & health care for an aging population ​ Graphing Types of Population Pyramids ​ Shapes of population pyramids ​ Stages of population change ​ Understand the demographic transition model The Demographic Transition Model (DTM) is based on historical population trends of two demographic characteristics – birth rate and death rate – to suggest that a country's total population growth rate cycles through stages as that country develops economically.  ○​ Know why the line graphs change at different stages in the model Know what the model represents and explain how it can be used Immigration Immigrants/refugees: Be able to explain different types of immigrants and refugees ​ Definitions ○​ Refugee→ Someone who moves to another country because of fear of cruel treatment (even death) in her or his home country as a result of race, religion, sexual orientation, nationality, political opinion, or membership in a particular social group ○​ Immigrant→ A person who moves to one country from another country ○​ Emigrant → A person who leaves one country to move to another country ​ Different kinds of immigrants and refugees ○​ Immigrant sponsored by family ○​ Refugee ○​ Other immigrants ○​ Family class → Citizens or permanent residents of Canada are allowed to sponsor close family members who want to move to Canada ​ The sponsor agrees to be financially responsible (for 3-10 years) for the person being sponsored. ○​ Economic Immigrants are accepted because they can contribute to Canada’s economy when they arrive  ​ These include people in the: -​ Skilled Worker Class -​ Skilled Trades Class -​ Temporary Foreign Worker Program ​ Be able to explain push/pull factors for a variety of immigrants/refugees ○​ Push Factor: A reason that encourages people to move away from their current country ​ Examples: war and different dangers (riots), religion, weather, high taxes, house prices ○​ Pull Factor: A reason that makes a particular country seem attractive to potential immigrants ​ Examples: Politics (democracy), sports, more job opportunities, stable currency, free healthcare/better healthcare, better passports, safer ​ Understand the Point System in Canada, and be able to explain the way that different characteristics are allotted points ○​ What is the points system → Created to reduce the number of immigrants who are denied because of their country of origin ​ Given a grade out of 100 that takes different factors into account ​ You need a minimum score of 67 to immigrate to Canada ○​ Characteristics ​ Core/human capital factors ​ Age: you get fewer points the older you get. ​ Level of education: The more educated you are the more points you get ​ Canadian work experience: ​ official language proficiency ​ Spouse or common law partner factors ​ Have a spouse give you less points ​ You will get extra points if your spouse has more education ​ Skill transferability factors ​ Education ​ Foreign work experience ​ Certificates of qualification ​ Additional points ​ Relatives living in the country ​ French speaker ​ Post-secondary education in Canada