Human Population PDF

HUMAN POPULATION PREPARED BY: HONEYBE D. BANTULO  Objective Trace the history of population growth and summarize different perspectives on population growth, demographic transition, and population stability. Explain human population growth and its impacts on th...

HUMAN POPULATION PREPARED BY: HONEYBE D. BANTULO  Objective Trace the history of population growth and summarize different perspectives on population growth, demographic transition, and population stability. Explain human population growth and its impacts on the environment and biodiversity.  WHAT IS POPULATION? Population - group of individuals of the same species living in the same locality or interbreeding and sharing genetic information Is this a Population? What is human population? number of people living in a particular area, from a village to the world as a whole 7.8 billion inhabitants Demographers expect the 8 billion breakthroughs in 2023, nine (9) billion by 2037, and projected as high as ten (10) billion in the year 2056. Population Demography  Population Dynamics the general study of population changes over time  Demography the statistical study of human populations and those who study human populations known as demographic parameters, it is a used to measure statistical data to objectively study the population (Lebreton et al. 1992).  Statistical factors in Demographics population size/ abundance density age structure fecundity (birth rates) mortality (death rates) sex ratio Population size/ abundance the number of individuals in a population  Population density the average number of If the same population individuals in a population lives in an area of only 1 per unit of area or volume square meter, what is its example, a population of density? 100 insects that live in an Which population is more area of 100 square meters crowded? has a density of 1 insect per square meter Population Distribution  Human Population Every second = four or five children are born or two other people die net gain of roughly 2.5 more humans per second HISTORY OF THE INCREASE OF HUMAN POPULATION  Demographic transition three-stage pattern of change in birth rates and death rates during the industrial and economic development of Western nations. led to a decline in population growth Demographic transition  LONGEVITY Longevity - maximum lifetime is the genetically determined maximum possible age to which an individual of a species can live Life expectancy is the average number of years an individual can expect to live given the individual’s present age.  HUMAN POPULATION GROWTH rise in the number of people on Earth energy, food, water, and medical care are more accessible and dependable as a result of innovation and industrialization population growth has a significant impact on the planet's ecosystems and climate technological and societal innovation will be necessary in supporting human population with minimal climate and environmental changes  Limiting factors that can affect population growth every year short-term - refers to the disruption of food distribution in a country, commonly caused by drought or a shortage of energy for transporting food intermediate-term - term includes the dispersal of certain biochemical pollutants and disruption in the nonrenewable resources, transportation of machinery, and the decrease in the supply of firewood for heating ang cooking long-term - factors include soil erosion, a decline in groundwater supplies, and climate change  CARRYING CAPACITY OF EARTH Carrying capacity - defined as a species' average population size in a particular habitat. The species population size is limited by environmental factors like adequate food, shelter, water, and mates. If these needs are not met, the population will decrease until the resource recreated. Ireland during the Potato Famine https://www.history.com/topics/immigration /irish-potato-famine  Effects of the expansion of the human population on the Earth system increasing the number of environmental resources being extracted increased use of fossil fuels to produce electricity, fuel industrial processes, and power transportation increase in the use of freshwater for industrial activities, agriculture, recreation, and drinking  Effects of the expansion of the human population on the Earth system increasing environmental effects of ecology (urbanization) fishing and hunting are being increased, which is reducing the number of the exploited species increases the spread of invasive species spread of illnesses  INVASIVE SPECIES “giant earthworms” or “mystery worm” (Pheretima spp./ Metaphire spp.) destroy the Banaue rice terrace walls by burrowing holes, and causing water stress and encouraging weed growth (Personal communication: Dr. Samuel James, USA) Large leaf lantana, Lantana camara was introduced as an ornamental due to its colorful flowers (ISSG, 2006c). It is considered undesirable because it invades pastures and decreases productivity.  Laws Related to Introduction of Species The Plant Quarantine Service (PQS) legal authority regulating quarantine pests is provided in Presidential Decree No. 1433 known as Plant Quarantine Law of 1978. Regulates the entry of plant, plant products, and animals that may harbor pests or cause harm to agricultural products. Philippine Fisheries Code of 1988 (Republic Act No. 8550) which tasks the Department of Agriculture through the Bureau of Fisheries and Aquatic Resources (BFAR) with the quarantine, control and monitoring of foreign aquatic species.  Spread of illnesses Diseases can spread quickly among and within communities when people live in heavily populated places.