HTML Reviewer PDF

NEOUGH HTML HTML5 – under development, emerging version of HTML. Client-side programming technologies – used to build web XHTML – stricter version of HTML, (Extensible HTML) based pages and applications that are run on the client....

NEOUGH HTML HTML5 – under development, emerging version of HTML. Client-side programming technologies – used to build web XHTML – stricter version of HTML, (Extensible HTML) based pages and applications that are run on the client. on XML(Extensible Markup Language). Server-side programming – applications that respond to CSS requests from client-side web browsers, such as the Internet. o cascading style sheets, used to specify the presentation, Moore’s Law styling of elements on a web page. o Designed to style portable web pages independently of o every year or two, the capacities of computers have their content and structure. approximately double inexpensively. o CSS3 (current version of CSS, under development). o Apply especially to the computers memory have for programs, amount of secondary storage, and their JavaScript processor speeds. o Helps you build dynamic web pages – i.e pages that can Computer and the Internet in health care be modified “on the fly” – and computer applications. o Enables you to do client-side programming. Electronic health record – include a patient’s medical history, o Created by Netscape. prescriptions, insurance information and more. o Both Netscape and Microsoft have been instrumental in Human genome project – founded to identify and analyze the the standardization of JavaScript by ECMA International 20,000+ genes in human DNA. (European Computer Manufacturers Association) as ECMA Script. Internet used for social good o ECMA Script 5, latest version of the standard to the TM AMBER Alert – (America’s Missing: Broadcast Emergency version of Javascript. Response) used to find abducted children. o A portable scripting language, can run in web browsers across a wide range of devices. World community Grid – people worldwide can donate their unused computer processing power by installing a free secure HTML5, CSS3, JavaScript, Canvas on Web Browsers software program that allows WCG to harness unused o Ensures a consistent look and feel on client-side capacities. browsers. One Laptop Per Child – (OLPC) providing low-power, o Vendors – add features to each new version that inexpensive, Internet-enabled laptops to poor children sometimes result in cross-platform incompatibility worldwide. issues. o The HTML5 Test website – scores each browser based on Internet to provide the infrastructure to communicate its support for the latest features of these evolving standards. Cloud computing – use software, hardware and information stored in the cloud – accessed via Internet – rather than jQuery having it stored on your PC. o Currently the most popular of hundreds of JavaScript GPS – Global Positioning System, use a network of satellites libraries. to retrieve location-based information. o Simplifies JavaScript programming by making it easier to manipulate a web page’s elements. Robots – used for day-to-day tasks. o Provides a library of custom GUI controls that can be Email, Internet, Messaging, VC, and FTP – servers support all used to enhance the look and feel of your web pages. of your online messaging. Web is populated with many different browsers, Internet used in Entertainment including many older, less-capable versions, which makes it difficult for authors and web-application developers to iTunes and the App Store – where you can buy and download create universal solutions. W3C is working toward the digital music, movies, shows, e-books, over the Internet. goal of universal client-side platform. Internet TV – set-top boxes, allows you to access an enormous Evolution of the Internet amount of content on demand, such as games, movies, news etc. o Internet – global network of computers, made possible by the convergence of computing and communications Game programming – global video game revenues, allowing technologies. sophisticated games to be played by the user via Internet. o in 1960s, ARPA (Advanced Research Project Agency), HTML rolled out blueprints for networking the main computer systems of a dozen ARPA-funded universities and o hypertext mark-up language, a special type of computer researches. language called a markup language designed to specify o Bit – short for binary digit, the smallest data item in a the content and structure of web pages. computer (value of 0 or 1). o Enables you to create that will render appropriately o ARPA implemented ARPANET. across the extraordinary range of devices connected to the Internet.  NEOUGH o Packet Switching – primary goals for ARPANET was to MIME – Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions, specifies allow multiple users to send and receive information data formats. simultaneously over the same communication path. o Packet Switching – network operated technique, in 2 Common HTTP request types which digital data was sent in small bundles called 1. GET – get or retrieves information from a server. packets. 2. POST – request typically posts or send data to a server. o Packets – contains address, error-control and sequencing information. Cache – saved on disk, recently viewed eb pages for quick o Address information – allow packets to be routed to reloading. their destinations. 3-tier web-based application o Sequencing information – helped in reassembling the packets. 1. Bottom tier – aka data or information tier, maintains applications data. TCP/IP 2. Middle tier – implements business, controller, and o Protocol for communication over the ARPANET – presentation logic, and intermediary between data. Transmission Control Protocol. - business logic – enforces business rules o Ensured messages were properly routed from sender - presentation logic – processes data from the to receiver and that they arrived. information tier. o IP – developed by ARPA, creating a network of - controller logic – processes client requests. networks, the current architecture of the Internet. 3. Top tier – aka client tier, the applications user interface. o IPv6 – features enhanced security and a new ISAPI – Internet Server Application Program Interface. addressing scheme, hugely expanding the number of IP addresses available. W3C – world wide web consortium, devoted to developing nonproprietary technologies for the www. Bandwidth – (information-carrying capacity), on the Internet’s is increasing rapidly as costs dramatically decline. Web 2.0 World Wide Web – allows computer users to execute web- o Coined by Dale Dougherty, use the web as a platform based applications and to locate multi-media-based to create collaborative community-based sites. documents. o Web 1.0 – focused on a relatively small number of companies, aka brochure web. Tim Berners-Lee (in 1989) Collective intelligence – concept that a large diverse o began to developed a technology for sharing group of people will create smart ideas. information via hyperlinked text, called HTML, and World Wide Web as the backbone of HTML RIA – rich internet applications, developed technologies o he also wrote the HTTP – communications protocol like Ajax. used to send information over the web. Google – search engine by Larry Page and Sergey Brin, o Also, URL – specifies the address of the web page. and called it Google in 1997. HTTPS Ajax – one of the premier Web 2.0 software o URLs of websites that handle private information. technologies. o Standard for transferring encrypted data. Data hierarchy o Combines HTTP with the Secure Sockets Layer (SSL) and Transport Layer Security (TLS). Bits – smallest data item in computer URIs – Uniform Resource Identifiers – identify resources Characters – tedious for people to work with data in the on the internet. low-level form of bits. Fields – are composed of characters. Hostname – name of the web-server computer on which Records – composed of a several related fields. the resource resides. Files – group of related records. Host – the computer, houses and maintains resources. Database – electronic collection of data. IP – numerical value that uniquely identifies the server Operating Systems on the internet. o Software systems that make using computers more DNS server – domain name system, maintains a database convenient for users. of hostnames and their corresponding IP addresses. o Provides services that allow each application to execute safely. GET – an http method indicating that the client wishes to obtain a resource from server. Windows OS HTTP Headers – provide additional information about the o Developed by MS in 1980, graphical user interface built data that will be sent, followed by a blank line – on top of DOS. indicating the client browser is finished sending HTTP. DOS – enormously popular personal computer OS.  NEOUGH Open-source software – departs from the proprietary CHAPTER 2 HTML5 software. HTML5 – markup language that specifies the structure and Linux kernel - is the core of the most popular opensource content of documents. system. 2 Most Popular mobile OS HTML5 Techniques: 1. Apple iOS - Tables – structuring information from databases. o Uses proprietary OS, iOS. - Forms – collecting information from visitors. 2. Google’s Android - Internal linking – easier page navigation. o Android, fastest growing mobile OS based on Linux - Meta elements – specifying information about a document. kernel and Java. DOCTYPE – Document Type Declaration, required in html5 Machine Language – consist of 1s and 0s, language a documents so that browsers render the page in standards computer can understand. mode. Assembly Language – English like abbreviations to represent Comments – to improve readability and describe the content elementary operations, and convert it to Machine Language. of a document. Compilers – converts high-level language programs into Head section – information about the HTML5, such as the machine language. character set (UTF-8) and the title. Interpreter – developed to execute high-level language Body section – contains the page content, which the browser programs. displays when the user visits the web page. Programming Language Start tag – element in angle brackets. o C End tag – element preceded by a forward slash. - Implemented in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie, known as the UNIX OS development language. Title element – called nested element, enclosed in the head o C++ element’s start and end tags. - an extension of C. Paragraph element – text placed between and. o Objective-C - Object-oriented language based on C. Heading elements – specifying the relative importance of o Visual Basic information (h1 is most significant). - Microsoft’s Latest version support object-oriented Hyperlink – references or link to other resources such as HTML programming. documents and images (browsers typically underline text o Visual C# hyperlinks and color them blue). - One of Microsoft’s primary object-oriented programming languages. Strong element – indicates that the content has high o Java importance, render such text in a bold font. - C++-based object-oriented programming language. o PHP Anchor – used to create links. - Object-oriented open-source scripting language. Attribute - hypertext reference, specifies a resource’s o Python location. - Object-oriented scripting language. o JavaScript- mailto::URL – to link to an e-mail address. - Most widely used scripting language. PNG and JPEG – most popular image formats used by web o Ruby on Rails developers. - open-source object-oriented programming language. o Scala Img element’s src attribute – specifies an image’s location. - Short for scalable language, uses both object-oriented and functional programming paradigms, designed to Alt attribute – makes web pages more accessible to users with integrate with Java. disabilities, especially vision impairments (when the browser is not able to render the image). Objects – aka classes objects, are essentially reusable software components. Width and height – optional attributes, adjust images and are measured in pixels. Method – houses the program statements that perform its tasks. Void elements – attributes and do not mark up text. < />. Class – houses the set of methods. Unordered list element - list in which each item in the list begins with a bullet symbol (disc). Method call – tells a method of the object to perform its task. Nested lists – represent hierarchical relationships, as in a multi- level outline. Inheritance – new class that absorbs the characteristics of an existing class. Ordered list element - list in which each item begins with a number.  NEOUGH cols attribute – number of columns. Tables Password input – inserts a password box into a form. - used to organize data into rows and columns. Checkbox input – enables users to select and option. - Can be split into three distinct sections: 1. Head - table titles, column headers. Radio buttons – only one radio button in a group can be 2. Body - primary table data. selected at any time. 3. Table foot - footnotes, calculation Select input – provides a drop-down list of items. results, displays at the bottom in the page. id attribute set – uses the syntax #id, to link internally to an Summary attribute – summarizes the table’s contents and is element. used by speech devices to make the table more accessible to users with visual impairments. Name attribute – identifies the type of meta element. Caption element – specifies a table’s title. Content attribute element – table rows. - Of a keywords meta element – provides search engines with a list of words that describe a page. element – table data. - Of a description meta element – provides a 3 to and - used to merge data cells. 4 line description of a site in sentence form. element – line break. element – legacy formatting element (displays a horizontal line). Forms – provides forms for collection information from users, can contain visual and non-visual components. Visual components – clickable buttons and other GUI components which users interact. Non-visual components – called hidden inputs, store any data that you specify, such as e-mail addresses, and HTML5 document file names. Method attribute – specifies how the form’s data is sent to the web server. Action attribute – specifies the script to which the form data will be sent. Input elements – specify data to provide to the script that processes the form (aka, form handler) and is determined by its type attribute. Text input Element – inserts a text field into the form, which allows the user to input data. Label Element – provides users with information about the input element’s purpose. Size attribute – specifies the number of character visible in the text field. maxlength – optional attribute, limits that number of characters input into a text field. Submit input element – a button, sends the form data to the location specified in the form’s action attribute. Value attribute – sets the text displayed on the button. Reset input element – allows user to reset all form elements to the default values. Textarea elements – inserts a multiline text area into the form. rows attribute – number of rows.