HTML, HTML5, XHTML, CSS and JavaScript
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Questions and Answers

What does IPv6 primarily enhance?

  • Web application development
  • Bandwidth speed
  • Security and addressing scheme (correct)
  • Data encryption methods
  • What is the main purpose of the World Wide Web Consortium (W3C)?

  • To create search engine algorithms
  • To regulate internet service providers
  • To develop nonproprietary web technologies (correct)
  • To develop proprietary web technologies
  • Who coined the term 'Web 2.0'?

  • Sergey Brin
  • Dale Dougherty (correct)
  • Tim Berners-Lee
  • Larry Page
  • What is the primary focus of Web 1.0?

    <p>A relatively small number of companies (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the Hypertext Transfer Protocol (HTTP)?

    <p>Sending information over the web (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a Uniform Resource Locator (URL) specify?

    <p>The address of a web page (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest data item in a computer?

    <p>Bit (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is a file composed of?

    <p>Records (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does ARPA stand for?

    <p>Advanced Research Project Agency (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the smallest data item in a computer called?

    <p>Bit (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the primary function of HTML?

    <p>Specifying content and structure of web pages (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main purpose of packet switching?

    <p>To allow multiple users to send and receive information simultaneously (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does each packet contain in packet switching?

    <p>Address, error-control, and sequencing information (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which protocol ensures messages are properly routed from sender to receiver on ARPANET?

    <p>TCP/IP (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of MIME (Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions)?

    <p>Specifies data formats (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    In a 3-tier web application, what is the role of the middle tier?

    <p>Implementing business, controller, and presentation logic (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the main goal of the One Laptop Per Child (OLPC) project?

    <p>Providing low-power, inexpensive, Internet-enabled laptops to poor children worldwide. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is cloud computing?

    <p>Using software, hardware, and information stored in the cloud, accessed via the Internet. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is jQuery?

    <p>A popular JavaScript library that simplifies web page manipulation. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one of the challenges faced by web developers due to the variety of browsers?

    <p>Difficulty creating universal solutions due to different browser capabilities. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the role of the W3C in the evolution of the Internet?

    <p>To work toward the goal of a universal client-side platform. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the function of a DNS server?

    <p>Maintaining a database of hostnames and their corresponding IP addresses. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which HTTP method indicates that a client wants to retrieve a resource from a server?

    <p>GET (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What made the global network of computers possible?

    <p>The convergence of computing and communications technologies. (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which company developed the Windows operating system?

    <p>Microsoft (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is one use of the Internet in entertainment?

    <p>Accessing digital music, movies and e-books. (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the core of the most popular open-source system?

    <p>Linux kernel (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a markup language that specifies the structure and content of documents?

    <p>HTML5 (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of comments in HTML5?

    <p>To improve readability and describe the content of a document. (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which section of an HTML5 document contains the page content that the browser displays?

    <p>Body section (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the term 'start tag' refer to in HTML5?

    <p>An element in angle brackets. (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which language was primarily used for the initial development of the UNIX operating system?

    <p>C (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is used to define a paragraph in HTML?

    <p><code>&lt;p&gt;</code> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the href attribute in an anchor tag <a> specify?

    <p>A resource's location (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element is used to specify the relative importance of headings in HTML?

    <p><code>&lt;h1&gt;</code> to <code>&lt;h6&gt;</code> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of the alt attribute in the <img> element?

    <p>Provides alternative text for users with disabilities (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which programming language is an object-oriented extension of C?

    <p>C++ (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which element typically renders text in a bold font to indicate high importance?

    <p><code>&lt;strong&gt;</code> (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which of the following is a popular client-side scripting language for web development?

    <p>JavaScript (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What unit of measurement is used for the width and height attributes of an image?

    <p>Pixels (C)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does a 'method call' do?

    <p>Tells an object's method to perform a task (B)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which list type displays items with bullet symbols?

    <p>Unordered list (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What is the purpose of 'nested lists'?

    <p>To represent hierarchical relationships (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the concept of 'inheritance' achieve in programming?

    <p>Absorbs characteristics of an existing class (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which HTML element is used to organize data into rows and columns?

    <p><code>&lt;table&gt;</code> (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Which type of HTML input is used for password entry?

    <p>Password input (A)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    What does the summary attribute in a table element primarily provide?

    <p>A summary for speech devices for accessibility (D)</p> Signup and view all the answers

    Flashcards

    One Laptop Per Child (OLPC)

    A program providing low-cost, internet-enabled laptops to children in developing countries.

    HTML5 Test

    A website that evaluates browsers based on their support for HTML5 features.

    Cloud Computing

    Accessing software and information via the internet rather than your computer's hard drive.

    Global Positioning System (GPS)

    A satellite-based system that provides location-based information.

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    jQuery

    A popular JavaScript library that simplifies DOM manipulation and enhances web development.

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    Internet TV

    Set-top boxes that enable access to a wide range of on-demand content over the internet.

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    W3C

    The World Wide Web Consortium, working to standardize web technologies for compatibility across browsers.

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    Evolution of the Internet

    The development of the internet into a global network allowing communication and access to information.

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    ARPANET

    The first wide-area packet-switching network created by ARPA.

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    HTML

    Hypertext Markup Language used for structuring web pages.

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    Packet Switching

    Technique for sending digital data in small segments or packets.

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    Packets

    Small bundles of data that contain address, error-control, and sequencing info.

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    TCP/IP

    A set of protocols for communication over the ARPANET.

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    MIME

    Multipurpose Internet Mail Extensions specifies data formats.

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    GET Request

    An HTTP method to retrieve information from a server.

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    POST Request

    An HTTP method to send data to a server, often used for form submissions.

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    IPv6

    A protocol with enhanced security and a larger addressing scheme, increasing available IP addresses.

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    Web 2.0

    A phase of the web emphasizing user-generated content and collaboration.

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    Collective Intelligence

    The idea that diverse groups can produce smarter ideas and solutions.

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    Ajax

    A web technology enabling rich internet applications with asynchronous data loading.

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    HTTPS

    Secure version of HTTP, used for transferring encrypted data over the web.

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    Database

    An electronic collection of data stored for easy access and management.

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    IP

    A numerical label that identifies a device on the internet.

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    C Programming Language

    Developed in 1972 by Dennis Ritchie for UNIX OS.

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    C++

    An extension of C, adding object-oriented features.

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    Objective-C

    An object-oriented language based on C, commonly used for macOS and iOS.

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    Visual Basic

    A Microsoft language supporting object-oriented programming.

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    Java

    An object-oriented programming language derived from C++.

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    JavaScript

    The most widely used scripting language for web enhancement.

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    Image Formats

    PNG and JPEG are the most popular image formats used by web developers.

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    DNS Server

    Maintains a database of hostnames and corresponding IP addresses.

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    GET Method

    An HTTP method for requesting resources from a server.

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    Open-source Software

    Software that allows users to view and modify its source code.

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    Machine Language

    The binary language (1s and 0s) that computers understand.

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    Compiler

    Converts high-level programming languages into machine language.

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    Interpreter

    Executes high-level language programs directly, line by line.

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    DOCTYPE

    Document Type Declaration specifying HTML version for browsers.

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    Width and height attributes

    Optional attributes that adjust images, measured in pixels.

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    Method call

    An instruction telling a method of the object to perform its task.

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    Void elements

    Elements that do not contain any text but can have attributes.

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    Unordered list

    A list where items start with a bullet symbol.

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    Ordered list

    A list where each item begins with a number.

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    Nested lists

    Lists within lists to show hierarchical relationships.

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    Radio buttons

    Inputs where only one option can be selected at a time.

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    Checkbox input

    Allows users to select one or more options.

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    Study Notes

    HTML

    • Hypertext Markup Language, a computer language specifying web page structure and content.
    • Used to create web pages that display correctly on various devices.
    • Supports creating dynamic web pages with JavaScript and CSS for styling.

    HTML5

    • Emerging version of HTML, building on earlier versions.
    • Supports more complex and interactive web pages.
    • Provides features for structuring and presenting content effectively across diverse devices.

    XHTML

    • Stricter version of HTML based on XML.
    • Focuses on proper syntax and structure.
    • Aims to improve compatibility and accessibility.

    CSS

    • Cascading Style Sheets, controlling presentation and visual appearance of web page elements.
    • Allows styling web pages independently of their content.
    • CSS3 is the current, actively developed version.

    JavaScript

    • Dynamically modifies web pages and creates applications that run within the browser.
    • Helps create interactive and responsive web experiences.
    • Standardized by ECMA International as ECMA Script.

    Internet Technologies

    • HTML5, CSS3, and JavaScript enable consistent display across different browsers.
    • jQuery is a popular JavaScript library for web page manipulation.
    • Web page design and application development can be challenging due to varying browser versions and capabilities.

    Internet Infrastructure

    • Protocols like TCP/IP enable reliable communication and message delivery on the internet.
    • Packet switching and IP addresses enable efficient routing of data packets.
    • HTTP is a common protocol for transferring data between web servers and clients.

    Web 2.0

    • Focuses on collaborative, interactive web applications.
    • Uses technologies like AJAX and Javascript for dynamic features.

    Programming Languages

    • C, C++, Objective-C, Visual Basic, Visual C#, Java, PHP, Python, JavaScript, Ruby on Rails, and Scala are common programming languages used to build applications.
    • C/C++ are used for low level programming.
    • Python is a high-level scripting language.

    Programming paradigms

    • Object-oriented programming.
    • Functional programming.
    • Interpreted versus Compiled.

    CHAPTER 2 HTML5 HTML5 – markup language that specifies the structure and content of documents. HTML5 Techniques:

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    Overview of core web development technologies: HTML for structure, HTML5 for advanced features, XHTML for strict syntax, CSS for styling, and JavaScript for dynamic behavior. These languages are the foundation for building interactive and responsive web experiences.

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