Social Movements, Social Action, and Social Change Notes

## Social Movement, Social Action, and Social Change ### Social Movement - A collective effort where a group of people work together to change how things are in a society. ### Social Action - When people work together in an organized way to improve society. ### Martin Luther King and his Anti-A...

## Social Movement, Social Action, and Social Change ### Social Movement - A collective effort where a group of people work together to change how things are in a society. ### Social Action - When people work together in an organized way to improve society. ### Martin Luther King and his Anti-Apartheid Movement - **Martin Luther King Jr.** - Renowned American advocate for human rights. - After University, Pastored at King Baptist Church - 1955. - **Initiated the Bus Service Boycott:** - Endured for 381 days of hardship. - The Supreme Court deemed the discriminatory bus seat allocation unconstitutional. - This boycott was prompted by the arrest of Rosa Park, who was fined $10 for this crime. - **1963:** Movement against discriminatory laws, advocating for economic equality and social benefits for Black Americans and ending racial discrimination. - **Initiated the Freedom March:** - Nationwide. - Over 2.5 million gathered at the Lincoln Memorial. - **August 27, 1963**: Martin Luther King delivered his famous "I have a dream" speech. - **Speech Influenced:** - **1964**: Civil Rights act. - **1965**: Voting Rights Act. - **Non-violent Movement:** Inspired by Mahatma Gandhi. - **Assassinated:** - 1968. - *The Times* called him "Man of the Year". ### Types of Society | Society Type | Description | |---|---| | Associational Society | - Based on formal, impersonal relationships and individualism. - Usually found in modern communities. | | Communal Society | - Based on close personal relationships and shared traditions. - Often within small homogenous groups. | #### Comparison of the two types: | Comparison | Associational Society | Communal Society | |---|---|---| | Social Relation | Less Social Relation: Meeting for formal purpose > meeting for informal purpose (e.g., families, meetups) | Tightly Knit Social Relation: Connected through shared history, values, customs, and religion. | | Individualism | More value placed on personal achievement and identity | Strong Collective Identity: Emphasizes more on shared identity and obligations over individual goals. | | Social Control | Formal Social Control: Laws, institutions, and regulations govern behavior | Informal Social Control: Social norms and traditions govern behavior | ### Social Change - Refers to the cultural change of societal structure, behaviors, and cultural patterns over time. ### Social Change in Bangladesh - **Family Structure Change:** - Joint family --> Nuclear family - **Women Empowerment:** - They work as much as men. - Most of the garment workers are women. - **Opinion of man and woman matter equally.** - **Economic Change:** - Agricultural --> Industrial. - In 1990, the contribution of agriculture to GDP dropped from 33% to 13%. - The share of industry in GDP increased from 21% to 30%. ### Branches of Government - **Legislative:** Responsible for creating and modifying laws. - **Executive:** Enforces these laws within the state or jurisdiction. - **Judiciary:** Prosecutes individuals who violate the laws. ### Social Control - The attempt to control the thoughts, attitudes, and behavior of individuals living in a society. | Social Control Type | Description | |---|---| | **Informal** | - Consists of family, peers, and acquaintances. - If you do not follow common things, you will be criticized. - Present in rural areas. | | **Formal** | - Enforced by institutional figures (police, judiciary, school administration, and employees). - If you do not follow rules, you may face punishment (e.g., monetary fine, imprisonment, or dismissal). - Present in every society. | ### Socialization - The lifelong process through which an individual learns the necessary skills needed to live in a society. ### Media of Socialization - **Family:** - First media of socialization. - Crucial as a child imitates surrounding. - Child's understanding of human values, tak customs, norms, etc., take place. - **Educational Institution:** - Second media. - Engages in different activities with peers. - Learning: leadership, unity, discipline, patriotism, compliance, camera etiquette, cooperation, and adherence. - Examples of learning: singing the national anthem, wearing the same uniform, and playing sports. ### Socialization - Real-World Examples - **Mowgli:** - Grew up with wolves. - Cheetah saved him from tiger. - Acted like a wolf. - Became connected with society with the help of people. - Became like a human (Re-socialized). - **Amala and Kamala:** - Two children found in the jungle in India in 1920. - Acted like animals from the jungle. - Ate raw meat. - Refused to wear clothes. - Amala died a few months after being found. - Kamala died at 17 in 1929. - They became like humans: could speak and eat.