how to undertake a routine ultrasound of a dog’s abdomen. .pptx

how to undertake a routine ultrasound of a dog’s abdomen. Adelle Bowden Safety and restraint • Evaluate the dogs temperament. • If aggressive use muzzle • Need calm quiet space • Need a handler to restrain dog. • Treats may be good. • Monitor stress • Need collar / lead on. • Vets should be wear...

how to undertake a routine ultrasound of a dog’s abdomen. Adelle Bowden Safety and restraint • Evaluate the dogs temperament. • If aggressive use muzzle • Need calm quiet space • Need a handler to restrain dog. • Treats may be good. • Monitor stress • Need collar / lead on. • Vets should be wearing appropriate PPE. • No radiation safety issues 2 Safety and restraint – lateral • Have dog sand or sit on non-slip surface • 1 person holds dog head • Assistant gently lift hindlegs and guide dog onto side. • Assistant place forearm around neck and shoulder holding the dog in place, whilst keeping in comfortable position. 3 Safety and restraint – dorsal • Place dog on non-slip surface • One person restrains dog neck and head keeping them in neutral position • The assistant gently lifts hindquarters and places them on their back • The assistant can gently press the dogs' legs against their body to prevent them moving too much. 4 Patient preparation • Fast patient 12-24 hours • Clean skin if required • Clip abdomen Widley from xiphisternum>groin and midline> lumbar muscles dorsally. 5 Setting up machine - stomach • •6.5-8Mz curvilinear transducer • •Hold transducer longitudinally with notch facing cranially and place on ventral abdomen just caudal to the xiphisternum • •Look for : Normal stomach wall, normal motility, observe luminal contents, increase magnification and identify different layers • •Move transducer to the RHS to identify the pylorus and to the LHS to visualise the fundus and body • •Turn transducer 90 degrees and fan cranial to caudal 6 Setting up machine – small intestine • Examine the four quadrants of the abdomen and track loops in both transverse and longitudinal planes: • Observe motility • Identify luminal contents • Increase magnification and identify the different layers 7 Setting up machine – large intestine • Hold the transducer in the sagittal plane and place it on the ventral abdomen just to the left of the midline. Identify the descending colon • Track the colon cranially and proximally to find the transverse colon, and turn the transducer through 90 degrees • Observe normal motility, identify the luminal contents, and increase the magnification and identify the wall layers • The gas in the descending colon often makes examination difficult 8 Setting up machine –left kidney • Frontal plane • 8MHz curvilinear array • Topographical landmark – angle of sub-lumbar muscle and the last rip. • Left kidney is located dorsally within the abdomen caudal to the fundus of the stomach and caudomedial to the head of the spleen. 9 Setting up machine –right kidney • Frontal plane • 8MHz curvilinear array • Right kidneys – cranial pole of the right kidney sits in the renal fossa of the caudate lobe of the liver. 10 Setting up machine – spleen • 8MHZ curvilinear transducer • Topographical landmark – xiphoid • Hold the transducer in the sagittal plane with the notch facing cranially and place on the ventral body wall just caudal to the xiphoid. • Direct the transducer dorsally towards the spine. 11 Common reasons for undertaking an ultrasound examination of the whole abdomen. • GI – foreign bodies, tumours, inflammation, blockages, assess walls of stomach, intestines, colon for thickening or abnormalities. • Liver and gall bladder – Hepatitis, sorosis, tumours, assess size shape and structure, gall stones, gall bladder abnormalities • Kidneys - infection, cysts, tumours, congenital abnormalities • Bladder - stones, tumours, inflammation • Urinary tract infections • Pancreatitis tumours / cysts • Spleen – tumours, cysts or enlargement • Pregnancy diagnosis 12 Setting up machine –left kidney • Frontal plane • 8MHz curvilinear array • Topographical landmark – pubis . 13