35 Questions
Which transducer is used to examine the small intestine?
5-8Mz curvilinear transducer
Where is the left kidney located within the abdomen?
Caudomedial to the head of the spleen
What is the topographical landmark for the right kidney?
Last rib
Which organ is examined using an 8MHZ curvilinear transducer?
Spleen
What are some common reasons for undertaking an ultrasound examination of the whole abdomen?
Identifying foreign bodies in the GI tract
How should the transducer be positioned to examine the large intestine?
Hold in the frontal plane with the notch facing cranially
Where should the transducer be placed to examine the spleen?
Just caudal to the xiphoid
What should be observed when examining the small intestine?
All of the above
What should be observed when examining the large intestine?
All of the above
What is the purpose of turning the transducer 90 degrees when examining the stomach?
All of the above
Which of the following is NOT a step in the safety and restraint process for a routine ultrasound of a dog's abdomen?
Monitor the dog's stress level
Which position is NOT used during the safety and restraint process for a routine ultrasound of a dog's abdomen?
Prone
What is the recommended fasting period for a dog before a routine ultrasound of its abdomen?
12-24 hours
Which part of the dog's body should be clipped before a routine ultrasound of its abdomen?
Abdomen
What should the assistant do while restraining the dog's head and neck during a routine ultrasound of its abdomen?
Keep the dog in a neutral position
What should be done if the dog is aggressive during a routine ultrasound of its abdomen?
Use a muzzle
What type of surface should the dog sit or stand on during the lateral position in a routine ultrasound of its abdomen?
Non-slip
What should be worn by the veterinarian during a routine ultrasound of a dog's abdomen?
All of the above
What should be used to restrain the dog's hindlegs during the lateral position in a routine ultrasound of its abdomen?
A leash
What should the assistant do while gently lifting the dog's hindquarters during the dorsal position in a routine ultrasound of its abdomen?
Press the dog's legs against its body
How should the dog's temperament be evaluated before undertaking a routine ultrasound of its abdomen?
Evaluate the dogs temperament.
What should be done if the dog is aggressive during a routine ultrasound of its abdomen?
Use muzzle.
What type of space is needed for a routine ultrasound of a dog's abdomen?
Calm quiet space.
What should be used to restrain the dog during a routine ultrasound of its abdomen?
Handler.
What should be monitored during a routine ultrasound of a dog's abdomen?
Stress.
What should be worn by the veterinarian during a routine ultrasound of a dog's abdomen?
Appropriate PPE.
What should be done to ensure the dog's comfort during a routine ultrasound of its abdomen?
Collar / lead on.
Describe the correct positioning and placement of the transducer to examine the ventral abdomen just caudal to the xiphisternum.
Hold the 5-8MHz curvilinear transducer longitudinally with the notch facing cranially and place it on the ventral abdomen just caudal to the xiphisternum.
What is the recommended technique to identify the pylorus and visualize the fundus and body of the stomach?
Move the transducer to the RHS to identify the pylorus and to the LHS to visualize the fundus and body of the stomach.
How should the transducer be positioned to examine the large intestine?
Hold the transducer in the sagittal plane and place it on the ventral abdomen just to the left of the midline. Track the colon cranially and proximally to find the transverse colon, and turn the transducer through 90 degrees.
Where is the left kidney located within the abdomen?
The left kidney is located dorsally within the abdomen caudal to the fundus of the stomach and caudomedial to the head of the spleen.
What is the topographical landmark for the right kidney?
The topographical landmark for the right kidney is the cranial pole of the right kidney, which sits in the renal fossa of the caudate lobe of the liver.
Describe the correct positioning and placement of the transducer to examine the spleen.
Hold the 8MHZ curvilinear transducer in the sagittal plane with the notch facing cranially and place it on the ventral body wall just caudal to the xiphoid. Direct the transducer dorsally towards the spine.
Name three common reasons for undertaking an ultrasound examination of the whole abdomen.
Three common reasons for undertaking an ultrasound examination of the whole abdomen are gastrointestinal issues (foreign bodies, tumors, inflammation, blockages), liver and gall bladder assessment (hepatitis, cirrhosis, tumors, gall stones), and kidney evaluation (infection, cysts, tumors, congenital abnormalities).
What are some potential abnormalities that can be assessed during an ultrasound examination of the whole abdomen?
During an ultrasound examination of the whole abdomen, potential abnormalities that can be assessed include thickening or abnormalities of the walls of the stomach, intestines, and colon, hepatitis, cirrhosis, tumors, gall stones, gall bladder abnormalities, urinary tract infections, pancreatitis, tumors/cysts in the spleen, and pregnancy diagnosis.
Study Notes
Transducers and Examination
- A high-frequency transducer (e.g., 7-10 MHz) is used to examine the small intestine.
- An 8MHz curvilinear transducer is used to examine the spleen.
Kidney Location
- The left kidney is located in the left cranial abdomen, caudal to the spleen.
- The right kidney's topographical landmark is the 13th rib.
Abdominal Examination
- Common reasons for undertaking an ultrasound examination of the whole abdomen include:
- Abdominal pain or distension
- Vomiting
- Diarrhea
- The transducer should be positioned just caudal to the xiphisternum to examine the ventral abdomen.
- To examine the large intestine, the transducer should be positioned in the left lateral abdomen, angled medially.
- To examine the spleen, the transducer should be placed in the left cranial abdomen, caudal to the ribcage.
Intestine Examination
- When examining the small intestine, observe for:
- Thickness and layering of the intestinal wall
- Presence of gas or fluid
- When examining the large intestine, observe for:
- Thickness and layering of the intestinal wall
- Presence of gas or feces
Stomach Examination
- To visualize the fundus and body of the stomach, position the transducer in the left cranial abdomen, angled medially, and then turn the transducer 90 degrees to examine the entire stomach.
Safety and Restraint
- During a routine ultrasound of a dog's abdomen, the dog should be fasted for 12 hours prior to the examination.
- The dog's abdomen should be clipped before the examination.
- The assistant should hold the dog's head and neck, and the dog's hindlegs should be restrained using a non-slip mat or a bunny wrap.
- If the dog is aggressive, it is recommended to postpone the examination.
- The veterinarian should wear gloves and use a non-slip surface during the examination.
- The dog's temperament should be evaluated before the examination, and the assistant should provide gentle but firm restraint during the examination.
Test your knowledge on how to safely and effectively perform a routine ultrasound of a dog's abdomen. Learn about safety measures, proper restraint techniques, and the importance of monitoring stress levels during the procedure.
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