Homeostasis Lecture 16 PDF

HOMEOSTASIS  HOMEOSTASIS Maintenance of a constant internal environment, constant physiological parameters. These parameters may and will deviate from normal values , but the human body is supposed to bring them back to normal. The body is capable to bring them back to no...

HOMEOSTASIS  HOMEOSTASIS Maintenance of a constant internal environment, constant physiological parameters. These parameters may and will deviate from normal values , but the human body is supposed to bring them back to normal. The body is capable to bring them back to normal within physiological limits.  HOMEOSTASIS Everything you can think of inside your body is a parameter, and if it is a parameter then it should be maintained constant  HOMEOSTASIS Failure to bring these parameters back to normal may lead to disorders, diseases and even death  HOMEOSTASIS The Human organ systems work together to maintain homeostasis despite constant challenges  HOMEOSTASIS All physiological parameters have a set point Sensor (receptor): detects deviation from set point (normal value) Integrating center (CNS): determines response Effector: organ that produces response to re- establish the normal set point  HOMEOSTASIS Body temperature, blood sugar, blood pressure, etc. Example: control of body temperature Set point: 37 °c Sensor: temperature receptors Integrating center: brain Effector: sweat glands/muscles  BODY TEMPERATURE What happens if the body temperature rose and reached 40: Denaturation of enzymes Convulsions What happens if the body temperature dropped down a lot: Decreased blood flow, deficiency in supplying body organs Frost bite  BODY TEMPERATURE 36→37 ↑intracellular oxidation →↑heat gain and ↓heat loss, ↑heat liberation, ↓ sweating vasoconstriction (less blood flow) 37←38 ↓intracellular oxidation, ↑ heat loss by ↑sweating, ↓ heat gain , vasodilation (more blood flow) Males have ↑ testosterone → ↑ metabolism and energy, so they do not get cold as females. Blood circulate and flow in our body parts which gives the colour and heat.  BODY TEMPERATURE However if the increase in body temperature was due to a severe bacterial infection, then this is beyond physiological limits. There should be external interference to allow the body to resume its homeostatic function. The approach may include Administering antibiotics Antipyretics Sponge bathing