HIV Infection Summary PDF

# HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) INFECTION ## Transmission - Unprotected Sexual Intercourse - Contact with Blood and Blood Products - Perinatal - during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding ## Screening: - Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) at 3 wks, 6 wks, 3 mo after exposure - Rapid HIV Antibody Tes...

# HUMAN IMMUNODEFICIENCY VIRUS (HIV) INFECTION ## Transmission - Unprotected Sexual Intercourse - Contact with Blood and Blood Products - Perinatal - during pregnancy, delivery, or breastfeeding ## Screening: - Enzyme immunoassay (EIA) at 3 wks, 6 wks, 3 mo after exposure - Rapid HIV Antibody Testing - tests for antigens, not antibodies, if positive, need follow-up with EIA and/or Antibody/Antigen test ## Seroconversion - development of HIV specific antibodies - Window Period - may be 2 months between infection and detection of antibodies (HIV positive) ## Acquired Immunodeficiency Disease Syndrome - (AIDS) presence of at least one or more: - CD4 Tcell count ≤ 200 cells/uL (compromised immune system) - Opportunistic infections - - Fungal - Candidiasis, Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia (PCP) - Viral-Cytomegalovirus (CMV) - Bacterial - Mycobacterium tuberculosis, pneumonia - Protozoal - Toxoplasmosis of brain, intestine - Cancer - Invasive cervical - Kaposi's sarcoma - Lymphoma - Wasting Syndrome - AIDS Dementia Complex ## Early Chronic Infection - HIV infection to development of AIDS - average 11 years - Symptoms - fatigue, headache, lymphadenopathy, low grade fever - Normal CD4+ T-Cell count - Increased infections ## Intermediate Chronic Infection - CD4+ T-Cell count ≤ 200-500 cells/ul - Increased viral load - Increased infections, earlier symptoms more severe ## Late Chronic Infection - Diagnosis of AIDS ## Treatment: - Antiretroviral therapy (ART) begins with confirmation of HIV ## Goals: - Decrease viral load - Maintain or ↑ CD4+ T-Cell count - Delay onset of HIV related symptoms - Prevent or delay opportunistic infections