Industrial Revolution History Week 9 PDF

Industrial revaluation and global context Goals What was the industrial revolution? Why did it matter in terms of global history? Understand why industrialization is crucial to the modern world? Examine US slavery in a global context during the industrial revolution. Is sla...

Industrial revaluation and global context Goals What was the industrial revolution? Why did it matter in terms of global history? Understand why industrialization is crucial to the modern world? Examine US slavery in a global context during the industrial revolution. Is slavery capitalist or anti-capitalist? Keywords: − Industrial revolution − Opium war − Cotton − Capitalism What was the industrial revolution When – 1700s to early 1900s (1787-1868) What? Economic and technological revolutions (steam engine, cotton gin) − Changes in types of energy and materials (coal, iron) − Social transformation (changes in nature of work, family, and leisure) Where did it begin? Why do we still focus on Europe? − British had necessary ingredients to the industrial revolution How and why did industrialization happen in Britain − Industrial Revolution in Britain happened due to technological innovations like the steam engine and the factory system, combined with abundant natural resources like coal. It was driven by factors such as a skilled workforce, strong financial systems, and supportive government policies. − (ingredients)) Three major advantages that Europe had from the Atlantic system: Colonies (in Americas), access to labor (plantations), and coal Negative consequences of industrial revolution 1. Pollution (Harms health from coal) 2. Brought disease to people 3. Child labor and poor working conditions  4. Standard of living went down First opium war (1839-1842) Background East India company founded in 1600 High demand of tea in Britain Chinese qing empire restricted European trade to canton in 1759 British empire in India Illegal export of opium from India of China British switched from silver to opium to buy Chinese tea In 1839, the Chinese government confiscated and destroyed more than 20,000 boxes of opium (1,400 tons) at the British warehouse in canton In response, the British government sent a steamship, nemesis to canton in 1840. British victory -> treaty of Nanjing (1842) Open 5 Chinese ports to trade Permitted foreigners to live in China Hong Kong became a British colony What was the industrial revolution? (TOOK PICTURE) What is the significance of the industrial revolution? Why did it matter in terms of global history? Created gaps between the industrial and non-industrial powers Produced economic inequality Beginning of the development of the “modern” world New imperialism Created division between developed and underdeveloped countries “With industrialization, the global importance of western Europe and the United States became magnified... Industrialization provides another key to understanding modernity...” (forging the modern world, p.212) ----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------- Industrial revolution in the US cotton and capitalism Goal: Examine U.S. Slavery in global context during the industrial revolution. Is slavery a capitalism or anti-capitalism 1. Background of industrial revolution in the north 2. How slavery fits the world economy during the industrial revolution and how the south became a major player in world trade. The north After the war of 1812: Growth of American manufacture Europe interfered with American trade Transportation revolution Technological advances Wave of immigrants during the 1840s & migration to the northeast − Grwth in cities, population, and business − Changed Americans life and business The south Eli Whitney’s invention of cotton gin (1793) − Mass production of cotton Spread cotton cultivation and slavery in the US south − South becomes a “cotton kingdom” Slaves were “sold down the river” from old slave state to the new slave state “the second middle passage” (Ira Berlin) Growing demand for cotton from northern states and Britain The British abolished slave trade but relied heavily on slave labor in the US South became a major player in world trade. Is slavery a Capitalism Private wealth Creation of economic wealth Government not regulating business Ones control over another person labor Increase of personal profit Reinterpretation of slavery Older interpretations Laziness, inefficiency, and backwardness of slave labor Premodern institution Not committed to profit seeking Less efficient than the free-labor north New interpretation Modern slavery Enslaved people were valued as commodity Slave labor was more efficient than the north How did US slavery fit in the world economy during the industrial revolution? Is slavery a capitalism or anti-capitalism