Colonization of the Cape History Exam PDF

COLONISATION OF THE CAPE  Contains: Lesson 12 Land Dispossession Lesson 13 Genadendal Lesson 14 Wilhelm Bleek & Lucy Lloyd Land Disposession Lesson 12  The inland migration of the migrant farmer and the increasing settlements from the Cape...

COLONISATION OF THE CAPE  Contains: Lesson 12 Land Dispossession Lesson 13 Genadendal Lesson 14 Wilhelm Bleek & Lucy Lloyd Land Disposession Lesson 12  The inland migration of the migrant farmer and the increasing settlements from the Cape caused the indigenous people being dispossessed of their land. The first affected by this were the San and the Khoi who resisted nomadic trespassers by attacking their land. The nomadic farmers responded by forming military groups called Boerkommandos They attacked the San and Khoi to get their livestock back, hundreds of them died because of this This led to the San dying out and left the Khoi with 2 options Move to more remote and drier regions of the colony or become servants of the nomadic farmers Some chose to move and some became servants. Those who became servants remained free citizens but were rarely paid wages, instead they were usually paid in food, clothing, housing, brandy and tobacco. They were sometimes allowed to keep their own landstock but lost their independence and lost most of their culture and language. After the British took over the Cape Colony from the Dutch in 1806, colonial expansion and expropriation was further extended inland. Tensions between the Dutch and British forced the Voortrekkers to migrate inland from the Cape Colony in 1834 to escape British rule.  Definitions Land dispossession: When someone takes away land that is yours Dates: 1806 When the British took away the Cape Colony from the Dutch 1834 Tension between the Dutch and British forced the Voortrekkers to migrate inland from the Cape Colony to escape British rule Genadendal Lesson 13  Genadendal: -Founded in 1738 -Oldest Morvian Mission town in Africa -Initially known as Baviaanskloof (translates to Bobbejaangebergtes) -The mission station founded by Georg Schmidt and a group of KhoiKhoid –It was named to Genadendal or “valley of mercy” in 1803 -The first missionary (George Schmidt) worked here among the Khoi people -He taught them to read and write -Everything went well until he started baptizing them as Christians -The Cape Dutch Reformed Church weren’t very happy, claiming he wasn’t a qualified minister to practice the Sacraments. -Schmidt returned to Germany in 1744  George Schmidt - Recieved a letter from two Ministers from the Netherlands - They asked for volunteers to become missionaries for the KhoiKhoi in the Cape - Schmidt left Amsterdam and sailed to South Africa in December 1736 - He arrived in Table Bay in July 1738 - Within 2 months he made his way to the River Sonderend and later moved to the Baviaans Kloof where he started the first missionary station in Southern Africa - At this stage he preached the gospel of the Dutch Bible to the KhoiKhoi. - He taught them to read, write, plant and care for vegetable gardens for their own maintenance ←—-- him Lowkey ugly ngl Baviaan mountains Winter in Bavian Gorge  -In 1792 Morvian missionaries Scwinn, Kühnel and Marsveld came to Geadendal to continue his work -A favorite story from Genadendal is when the men returned to an abandoned mission station, they met magdalena, who had kept the bible she received decades ago when Schmidt baptized her. -Life was difficult for people who went to live with the 3 missionaries at the mission station. -At first, food had to be hunted or gathered. Some still owned livestock, but most owned nothing. -Many worked for neighboring farmers to earn a living, but were treated poorly and did not want to return.  The Church -Build in 1891 - If you peek a look inside you’ll see white-painted pews, a haven of simplicity compared to some overly ornate places of worship. -The pipe organ is said to be the oldest in SA The church (kinda plain Inside (Kinda pretty tbh) looking ngl, like 3/10) Controversial church bell on Genadendal (1793) to which the NG Church congregation Stellenbosch objected A bell??? because the ringing (dates from 1798) 'disturbed' them. (why the yap its js a bell bro) Homes in Genadendal The Genadendal mission station began The first education college manufacturing chairs and leather goods South Africa's first Teacher Training College was founded These handmade goods became known for on 12 September 1838 in Genadendal. their high quality and were shipped across Graduates received training in and could teach Dutch, the Cape. German, music, woodwork, printing, church history and Genadendal became a self-sustaining biblical studies. community. With education in power, the town also established one of The historic neighborhood around the old the largest and best public libraries in the Cape. watermill, which is still in working order, next to a meandering stream. -IIn 1926, the Department of Public Education decided that it did not see the need for tertiary education for “brown” people. -According to it they were better suited to work on farms - After flourishing for over 100 years, the college had to close its doors -The development of the pc and the individual printer began to put pressure on the Genadendal printing house. - The printing house had to close after more than 170 years in 2003 Wilhelm Bleek & Lucy Lloyd Lesson 14 Wilhelm Bleek - Born on the 8th of March 1827 in Berlin, Germany - Died on the 17th of August 1875 in Cape town, south africa at the age of 48 - Graduated from the University of Bonn in 185§ - Acchieved his ambition to go to Africa when in 1854 he became an official linguist for Dr, W D Baikie’s Niger Tshadda Expedition was appointed. - He abandoned the mission due to poor health - He returned to England, where he met J W colenso, Bishop of Natal. - He invited Bleek to accompany him to Natal in 1355 to help him compile a Zulu grammar - When the project was completed in 1856 he accepted an invitation from the Govender, Sir George Grey to become his official interpreter in Cape Town. - George handed over his valuable library to the South African Public Library. - A condition of this gift was that Bleek should be appointed curator of the Grey Collection, he held this position from 1862 - his death.  - He married Jemima Lloyd in 1862 - Had 7 kids (bro what and why so many my guy) - Their son and one daughter died in childhood (rip ig) - Bleek is buried in Wynberg Cemetery - During the 1870s six Xan (San) men imprisoned in cape town were released in the country home of Wilhelm (William) Bleak (a prussian linguist) and his sister in law, Lucy Lloyd. - Later, some San women also joined them. - Bleek and Lloyd worked together to record 12 000 pages of information about the San - This info included alogies, places of origin and the customs and daily life informants - Much of what they recorded included stories, songs, pictures and moving personal histories - The stories the San told them deal with the history of the first people and the origin of the moon, stars, land and rain - The project was am incredible collaborative partnership in the context of the 19th century South Africa - It highlights the facts the /Xa, participants, especially //Kabbo, understood the importance of the project and wanted to contribute to the preservation of the /Xam language and culture Lucy Lloyd - Stayed with them after their marriage - After first living in new street, the Bleek Family moved to The Hill in Mowbray - Lucy began her oral history work with the arrival of the first /Xam speaker at Mowbray in 1870, after which she was responsible for ⅔ the texts recorded until Bleeks death and the publixation of their secont report to the cape Parliament in 1875 - She was appointed curator of the Grey Collection to succeed Bleek after he died in 1875 at half his salary, a position she reluctantly accepted. - Her services were termenated iin 1880 wen Dr Theophilus Hahn was appointed in her place - Went back to Europe in 1887 - Returned permanently to South Africa in 1912 - Died at charlton house on the 31st of August 1914 (aged 79) - Burried in Wynberg Cemetary near her nieces, nephew and Wilhelm Bleek himself Govender Sir George Grey Grey college -The Hill in early 1870 is the only photograph of the Hill dating from the time the Bleek and Lloyd families lived there. -It is not known who the photographer was: perhaps a family member, perhaps Wilhelm -Hermann who took numerous photographs on the premises around that time. -Note the seated figure, probably Jemima Bleek, in the shadows on the porch