Chinese Civil War History Paper 2 Collection PDF

Chinese Civil War: Background Info: +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Topic | GMD | CCP | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Troops: | Larger army at...

Chinese Civil War: Background Info: +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Topic | GMD | CCP | +=======================+=======================+=======================+ | Troops: | Larger army at the | Smaller at the start | | | start (2.8m) with | (800k) and were | | | much better equipment | poorly equipped with | | | and an airforce, but | no aircraft, but | | | only experienced in | caught up by 1948 | | | conventional | with equipment gained | | | fighting, giving CCP | from the Soviets and | | | chances to take | other powers during | | | advantage especially | the struggle with the | | | due to the low morale | Japanese, and were | | | and poor training. | experienced in | | | | guerilla warfare, | | | | alongside good morale | | | | and discipline. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Teritory: | Controlled most of | 19 base areas, | | | the territory | headquartered at | | | alongside the major | Yan'an, taking | | | cities and | Northern cities in | | | transportation hubs, | 1948 (Jinzhou, | | | though this control | railway hub), | | | depended on local | controlling | | | warlords and support | Manchuria, and later | | | waned due to | in 1949, controlling | | | soldiers' unfair | Beijing , moving | | | treatment of local | South West, driving | | | civilians. | GMD to Taiwan. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Foreign Intervention: | Recognized by main | Soviet troops in | | | powers as the | Manchuria gave | | | legitimate government | valueable training | | | (including US and | and material to the | | | USSR), with \$3B sent | CCP, with Harbin | | | in aid. Later on, USA | transferred into | | | became critical of | Communist hands and | | | Chiang's style of | the rest given to the | | | rule, compounded by | Nationalists. Though | | | Red Army support for | Stalin urged Mao not | | | the PLA late into | to advance past the | | | WW2. | Yangtze river, his | | | | warning wasn't | | | | heeded. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Popular Support: | GMD had much more | The peasantry | | | experience running a | supported the CCP due | | | single-party state | to their fear of | | | (Nanjing decade) and | repurcusions if the | | | also used fierce | GMD took control and | | | methods to oppress | their seeming | | | the populace. Adding | understanding of | | | on, they were also | peasant struggles, | | | obviously corrupt, | and also maintained a | | | inefficient, unable | good public image | | | to ratio, and | during the struggle | | | conducive to | with the Japanese. | | | inflation, also | Moreover, the CCP | | | slowing reform. The | kept troops | | | struggle with the | restrained, took | | | Japanese also | steps to control | | | decreased their | prices; used | | | support, and did not | propaganda to win | | | try to appeal to the | support (especially | | | lower classes, | the young). However, | | | relying on the elite. | the CCP also did deal | | | | harsh repurcussions | | | | to those who | | | | resisted. | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Leadership: | Jiang was | Mao created a | | | experienced, | personality cult, | | | hard-working, | inspired confidence; | | | confident, | | | | | allowed field | | | ruthless; controlled | commanders to fight | | | military strategy, | without | | | but was stubborn, | | | | inflexible, not good | interference but was | | | at | not good in dealings | | | | with | | | delegation, poor | | | | judge of character, | foreign powers. | | | and relied on | | | | | | | | corrupt advisers. | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+ | Military Factors: | GMD was able to take | Guerilla warfare was | | | Yan'an early on into | highly effective but | | | the second section of | from 1948 onwards, | | | the CCW but didn't | with larger numbers, | | | consolidate power | CCP started utilizing | | | before rushing into | conventional warfare | | | North China, | and by Spring 1948, | | | resulting in losing | the CCP retook | | | Manchuria in early | Yan'an, bossting | | | 1948. Moreover, the | moral with their | | | GMD was largely | advantage | | | inept, banning | snowballing, though | | | retreats, with | initially, the CCP | | | corrupt, incompetant | was severely lacking | | | generals, long | in manpower, | | | commmunication lines, | material, and | | | and inefficent supply | equipment. | | | lines, all which led | | | | to increased | | | | desertion and | | | | surrenders. | | +-----------------------+-----------------------+-----------------------+