History Exam Notes PDF

Day 1 Study topic 1: First Nations Warfare and Diplomacy Read page 73. During what event was this speech given?: Great Peace of Montréal. In which year did this event take place?: 1701 How did Callière recognize the customs of indigenous people?: He made reference to the pipe ceremony, wampass a...

Day 1 Study topic 1: First Nations Warfare and Diplomacy Read page 73. During what event was this speech given?: Great Peace of Montréal. In which year did this event take place?: 1701 How did Callière recognize the customs of indigenous people?: He made reference to the pipe ceremony, wampass and the burying of the war hatchet. He also understood the roles of elders. How did Callière demonstrate that he did not consider indigenous people equals?: He referred to Indigenous people as ‘’My Children’’. The agreement reached during this event involved mutual commitments from both parties, Identify these commitments: French: They agreed to act as mediators in case of conflict between the signatories and recognized the Iroquois’ right to trade. Iroquois: They agreed to remain neutral in case of conflict between the French and the British. Great Peace of Montréal: August 4,1701 Change in relations between the French and the Five Nations Iroquois following the Great Peace of Montreal?: End of the French-Iroquois War. Study topic 2: Place the following historical events in chronological order Founding of Quebec City: 1608 Royal Government: 1663 Treaty of Utrecht: 1713 Battle of the Plains of Abraham: 1759 Study topic 3: Treaty of Utrecht Read page 112. Which of the first three intercolonial wars had consequences for New France?: War of the Spanish Succession. What were these consequences?: New France lost the Hudson Bay territory and a large part of Newfoundland and Acadia, Iroquois territory came under British domination, weakened, French, economically, military, loss of these strategic locations. What treaty put an end to this conflict:  Treaty of Utrecht Territory of New France in 1663 and after the treaty of Utrecht in 1713: Difference: New France lost part of its territory after the treaty of Utrecht( Hudson Bay, Newfoundland and part of Acadia). Consequences of French defeat in the war of the Spanish Succession: Loss of Hudson Bay, Newfoundland and part of Acadia. Study topic 4: Catholic Church Read page 97: Evangelization of Indigenous People. Three roles played by religious communities in New France: Evangelization of indigenous peoples, education and health care, authority over colonists. Study topic 5: Place the following in chronological order ​ Read page 68: The founding of Quebec City: 1608 Founder:Samuel de Champlain Objectives:Fur trade(Economic)  Advantages of location: Distance from english colonies, proximity to indigenous trade networks; easy to defend, fertile soil. ​ Read page 69: The Founding of Trois-Rivieres: 1634 Founder: Sieur de Laviolette Objectives: Fur Trade(Economic) Advantages of location: Closer to Fur suppliers, The Huron-Wendat, potential to prevent the Iroquois from intercepting them. ​ Read page 69: The Founding of Ville Marie: 1642 Founder: Maisonneuve et Jeanne Mance Objectives: To convert indigenous peoples (Religious) Advantages of locations: At the confluence of two routes of entry to the west and a strategic position close to indigenous nations. Study topic 6: Territorial Organisation in New France Read page 88. What was the name of the system of land division in New France? Seigneurial System. Study topic 7: Exploration of territory Read page 64. How did trade affect the land? Explorations and expansion of territory; building forts.(trading posts) Study topic 8: The Fur trade Read page 58. What were the roles of New France, based on France's mercantilist policy? Exporting resources- particularly furs- and buying finished products from France. Main product exported to France during the French Regime: Furs. Study topic 9: Royal Government Read page 78. Study topic 10: Balance of Power Study topic 11: Population Growth Read page 83. Soldiers in the Carignan-Salière Regiment were sent to the colony to fight the Iroquois and ensure the Safety of the colonists and received financial rewards and land; highest rank. ​ Engagés or Trente Six Mois worked for an employer for three years and they were given land. Filles du Roy helped reduce the imbalance between men and women and there crossing of the Atlantic Ocean was paid for and a dowry was provided to them so they could marry a colonist. Consequences/Measures taken by Jean Talon after 1663 to increase settlement: Increased the number of women and population growth. Demographic: Statistical characteristics of a human population.(size, migration) Study topic 12: First Nations Warfare and Diplomacy Read page 73 paragraph Destruction of Huronia How did the Iroquois wipe out the Huron Wendat?: The Iroquois possessed guns that were obtained by the Dutch in exchange for furs, while the Huron Wendat had none and had already been weakened by contagious diseases. Cause of death of a large percentage of indigenous people after contact with Europeans: Contagious diseases Major decrease in the indigenous population during the french Regime: Contagious diseases carried by the French. Study topic 13: Colonist adapt Read page 105 paragraph “Relations with Indigenous Peoples”. What elements show indigenous influence on the Canadian Militia in the 18th century?: The man is wearing moccasins and snowshoes. He is also using a pipe to smoke tobacco. Causes of Canadiens spirit of independence: Distance from France and contact with Indigenous people. Study topic 14: Royal Government Read page 77 paragraph “Absolutism”. To what troop of soldiers does this letter refer to?: Canadian Militia. What was the name for the local leader in charge of this type of troop?: Militia Captain. What were the Militia Captains responsibilities?: Commanding the Canadian Militia, having them practice using weapons once a month and ensuring that they were well armed. What other type of combatants were at the direct disposal of the authorities of new France?: Regular troops such as the Compagnies Franches de la Marine. Political Regime under which the King of France had all the power, because the power was believed to be granted by god?: Absolutism.( The Divine Right of Kings) Study topic 15: Control of the fur trade. Read page 59. What was the main privilege that chartered companies obtained from the french state?: Monopoly of Fur Trade. What was the main objective of trading companies in New France?: To make a profit. What was the main obligation of the companies to the French State?:  To populate New France by ensuring the arrival of settlers. Did the companies meet their obligations? No. Very few colonists came to settle in New France because the companies were more interested in generating profits from the fur trade than in colonization. Settlement before and after 1663: Difference: Before 1663, there was little settlement, after, the colony had more women and immigrants and the population quickly doubled. Read page 77. Change in colonial administration in 1663: Establishment of a Royal Government. Study topic 16: Intercolonial Wars Read page 111 paragraph titled “Colonial Rivals”. Name two regions that were subject of rivalries between the French and the British and indicate the resources desired in those regions: The Ohio Valley for its furs and its fertile lands, The Great Lakes for its furs and the Gulf of St. Lawrence and the Atlantic Coast for its fish. Study topic 17: The Catholic Church First Bishop in New France: Monseigneur Francois de Laval. Study topic 18: Deportation of the Acadians Start of the deportation of Acadians: 1755 Study topic 19: Monopoly of Chartered Companies: Read page 58. What was the objective of Mercantilism?: To enrich the mother country. How did a mother country achieve its mercantilist objectives?: By accumulating as much precious metals as possible and exploiting the resources and its colonies. What were the roles of New France, based on France’s mercantilist policy?: Exporting resources- particularly furs- and buying finished products from France. Did this economic policy promote economic development in New France?: No, because the role of New France was only to provide raw materials to its mother country. It did not promote the economic growth of the colonies (only the mother country). Cause of lack of diversification of New France’s economy: Application of Mercantilism by France. Study topic 20: Intercolonial Wars Read page 113 paragraph titled “Seven Years’ War”. What name was given to the fourth intercolonial war?: Seven Years’ Wars. Day 2 Competency 1: Graphic organiser Read workbook pages 58 and 59 Colony( New France) provides: Raw materials ( fish and furs) Mother country(France) provides: Finished products ( axes and clothing) What was the objective of mercantilism? To enrich the mother country. How did the mother country achieve its mercantilist objectives? By accumulating as much precious metals as possible and exploiting the resources and its colonies. What were the roles of New France, based on France’s mercantilist policy?: Exporting resources- particularly furs- and buying finished products from France. Did this economic policy promote economic development in New France?: No, because the role of New France was only to provide raw materials to its mother country. It did not promote the economic growth of the colonies (only the mother country). What is trade monopoly? The exclusive ability to trade in a given sector. What was the main privilege that chartered companies obtained from the french state?: Monopoly of Fur Trade. What was the main objective of trading companies in New France?: To make a profit. What was the main obligation of the companies to the French State?: To populate New France by ensuring the arrival of settlers. Did the companies meet their obligations? No. Very few colonists came to settle in New France because the companies were more interested in generating profits from the fur trade than in colonization. What privileges were granted to the Company of One Hundred Associates? Ownership of Quebec and New France: the enforcement of justice; monopoly of the fur trade indefinitely and of all other trade for 15 years. Describe the economic policy of the mother country, France? The French gave full powers to a private company, it established a framework for law and trade in the colony; commercial development was put in the hands of a private company. Read workbook pages 63 and 64. Why did the French build alliances with indigenous nations in the early days of the colony? To ensure a regular supply of pelts and military support in case of conflict. Where did the french/indigenous people meet to trade furs during the first half of the 15th century/ Trading posts in the St.Lawrence Valley, of Quebec, Trois Rivieres, Tadoussac and after 1645, Montreal. Term for commercial gatherings: Trade fairs. Animal most sought after for fur trade? Beavers. Name of highly valuable smooth pelt, without long hair? Coat pelt. How was the smooth pelt without long hair prepared? The coat had to be worn for 2-3 years. What product was made from these pelts? Felt for making hats. Before 1650: Indigenous peoples brought pelts to trading posts. After 1650: The French had to go to indigenous territories, to get pelts. What event led to this chance? The destruction of Huron villages by the five nations Iroquois caused the French to lose their main intermediaries in the fur trade. How fur trade affected the following: Indigenous peoples: Alliances and trade between the French, the Huron Wendat and other nations, use of European products, conflicts between nations. The land:Explorations and expansion of territory; building forts.(trading posts) Relations between New France and the English Colonies: Commercial rivalries and conflicts( wars) Read workbook pages 87 to 89.  Read workbook pages 116 and 117.