Histology Past Paper PDF University of Northern Philippines 2024

QUESTION ANSWER RATIONALE REFERENCE Sebaceous glands found in Montgomery glands Sebaceous glands are Andrews' Diseases the areola are called: found in greatest of the Skin: Clinical...

QUESTION ANSWER RATIONALE REFERENCE Sebaceous glands found in Montgomery glands Sebaceous glands are Andrews' Diseases the areola are called: found in greatest of the Skin: Clinical abundance on the face Dermatology (13th A. Montgomery glands and scalp, although they ed.) p. 7 B. Meibomian glands are distributed throughout C. Fordyce glands all skin sites except the D. Tyson glands palms and soles. Associated with hair follicles, except at the following sites: tarsal plate of the eyelids (meibomian glands) buccal mucosa and vermilion border of the lip (Fordyce spots) prepuce and mucosa lateral to the penile frenulum (Tyson glands) labia minora, and female areola (Montgomery tubercles) What collagen is the major Type IV Type IV collagen is the Velez, A. & component of the basal most abundant and is Howard, M. (2012). lamina? the major component of Collagen IV in the basal lamina. Normal Skin and in A. Type VII B. Type VI Pathological C. Type IV Processes. D. Type I National Library of Medicine. Match the items with their 1. Stratum Stratum Basale BATCH 2028. fitting descriptions Spinosum Germinative cells (HISTO).-LC2-Skin 2. Stratum (Increased mitotic and Its Appendages A. Intercellular bridges Granulosum activity) p. 4 B. Mitotically active 3. Stratum Stratum Spinosum cells Corneum Polyhedral cells C. Anucleate 4. Stratum with "intercellular D. With coarse Lucidum bridges" basophilic granules 5. Stratum Basale Stratum Granulosum Filled w/ coarse, A. 1 basophilic B. 5 (keratohyalin) C. 3 granules D. 2 Stratum Corneum CMED 1C  Anucleate, flattened, dead cells filled with soft keratin filaments (birefringent) Cornification involves Melanin Synthesis of lamellar Tagnawa Trans Skin sequential expression of granules & distinctive and its Appendages epidermis-specific proteins proteins (keratins, p. 2 such as the following filaggrin, involucrin) except: A. Keratins B. Filaggrin C. Involucrin D. Melanin The Mitotic activity is False Stratum Basale BATCH 2028. increased in the stratum Germinative cells (HISTO).-LC2-Skin granulosum. (Increased mitotic and Its Appendages activity) p. 4 A. True B. False What is the blood supply of Superficial plexus CUTANEOUS PLEXUS BATCH 2028. the skin located at the between the (HISTO).-LC2-Skin junction between the dermis and and Its Appendages papillary and reticular subcutis with larger p. 14 dermis? blood vessels SUBPAPILLARY OR A. Cutaneous plexus SUPERFICIAL PLEXUS B. Glomus bodies between the C. Superficial plexus papillary and D. Deep plexus reticular dermis, capillaries, end arterioles, venules GLOMUS BODIES special type of arteriovenous anastomosis for temperature regulation; fingers, toes and nails What is the epithelial lining Stratified squamous NAIL PLATE BATCH 2028. of the nail bed? Rests on a (HISTO).-LC2-Skin stratified and Its Appendages A. Simple squamous squamous p. 13 B. Stratified epithelium, the squamous NAIL BED C. Simple columnar D. Stratified columnar The nail bed of the toenails Stratum NAIL BED BATCH 2028. contains this layer of the germinativum Contains only (HISTO).-LC2-Skin epidermis: basal and spinous and Its Appendages epidermal layers p. 13 A. Stratum corneum B. Stratum lucidum CMED 1C  C. Stratum germinativum D. Stratum granulosum What is the stage of hair Catagen ANAGEN HAIRS BATCH 2028. growth that has many Scalp: 0.37 (HISTO).-LC2-Skin apoptotic cells in the outer mm/day and Its Appendages root sheath? Pigmented bulb in p. 10 IRS A. Catagen CATAGEN HAIRS B. Anagen Many apoptotic C. Telogen cells in the ORS D. None TELOGEN HAIRS Eyelashes: short anagen, long telogen Nonpigmented bulb A part of the hair follicle Inferior segment INFERIOR SEGMENT BATCH 2028. that is highly vascularized Where hair bulb is (HISTO).-LC2-Skin and contains melanocytes: located and Its Appendages HAIR BULB p. 8-9 A. Infundibulum Base, bulbous B. Isthmus expansion C. Inferior Segment Highly D. Superior Segment vascularized and contains melanocytes Where in the nail groove is Proximal and ventral NAIL MATRIX BATCH 2028. the nail matrix located? nail growth (HISTO).-LC2-Skin a semilunar area of and Its Appendages A. Distal and dorsal proliferative cells p. 13 B. Distal and ventral on proximal ventral C. Proximal and surface of nail dorsal groove D. Proximal and ventral This structure separates Both BASEMENT MEMBRANE BATCH 2028. the epidermis from the ZONE (BMZ) - aka. (HISTO).-LC2-Skin dermis: dermo-epidermal junction and Its Appendages (DEJ) - junction between p. 5 A. Basement epidermis & dermis membrane zone B. Dermo-epidermal junction C. Both D. Neither Type I collagen is the True Type 1 Collagen - major Junqueira’s Basic major component of component of the Histology, 14th ed. dermis. dermis Pg. 380 A. True B. False CMED 1C What are the nerve Pacinian corpuscles MEISSNER: BATCH 2028. endings of the skin mechanoreceptors (HISTO).-LC2-Skin responsible for the - Prominent in the and Its Appendages detection of deep pressure papillary dermis of p. 14 and vibration? the pain receptor, soles and palms A. Pacinian PACINIAN: deep pressure corpuscles and vibration B. Meissner corpuscles C. Both A and B D. Neither The main function of the False PAPILLARY DERMIS BATCH 2028. papillary dermis is the Accounts for the (HISTO).-LC2-Skin formation of the stratum whorls, loops and and Its Appendages corneum. arches that p. 6 constitute A. True fingerprints or B. False footprints What part of the nail is Nail matrix NAIL MATRIX BATCH 2028. responsible for its growth nail growth (HISTO).-LC2-Skin and distal movement by a semilunar area of and Its Appendages proliferation and proliferative cells p. 13 differentiation of the on proximal ventral epithelium? surface of nail groove A. Nail bed B. Nail fold C. Nail plate D. Nail matrix The morphological Coiled tubular Eccrine Sweat Gland BATCH 2028. classification of the sweat Secretion (HISTO).-LC2-Skin glands: discharged by and Its Appendages exocytosis simple p. 11 A. Simple saccular coiled tubular in B. Branched saccular morphology C. Coiled tubular D. Compound tubuloalveolar The nail plate becomes Hyponychium Beneath the free edge is a Tortora, G.J., free of the nail bed at thickened region of the Derrickson, B. H. which epidermis fold? stratum corneum called (2017). Tortora’s the hyponychium. Principles of A. Eponychium B. Hyponychium Anatomy and C. Perionychium Physiology (15th D. Paronychium Edition). Wiley. Meissner corpuscles are False FREE NERVE ENDINGS BATCH 2028. responsible for itch pain, itch and (HISTO).-LC2-Skin sensation and pain. temperature and Its Appendages MEISSNER p. 14 A. True mechanoreceptors B. False CMED 1C The dermis, an avascular False EPIDERMIS BATCH 2028. layer of the skin, provides avascular (HISTO).-LC2-Skin a large part of the physical DERMIS and Its Appendages barrier because of its vascular p. 1 structural integrity. A. True B. False The elastic fiber in the True The reticular dermis is Junqueira’s Basic reticular dermis course characterized by dense Histology, 14th ed. along the collagen irregular connective tissue Pg. 380 bundles. fibers mainly Type I collagen bundles that A. True course along with elastic B. False fibers. Eyelashes have a long True The eyelashes have short Kaur, S. et al (2015). anagen and a short anagen and long telogen Eyelash telogen phase. phase. Trichomegaly. Indian Journal of A. True Dermatology. B. False National Library of Medicine. The nail matrix is found in False The portion of the Tortora, G.J., the distal part of the nails. epithelium proximal to the Derrickson, B. H. nail root is the nail matrix. (2017). Tortora’s A. True Principles of B. False Anatomy and Physiology (15th Edition). Wiley. The white color of the Nail matrix LUNULA BATCH 2028. crescent-shaped structure Crescent-shaped (HISTO).-LC2-Skin of the nails are derived white area and Its Appendages from the? Opaque nail matrix p. 13 and immature nail A. Nail matrix plate below it B. Nail bed C. Proximal nail fold D. Nail plate The epidermal water NOTA EPIDERMAL WATER BATCH 2028. barrier is established by BARRIER (HISTO).-LC2-Skin factors that include the Functions: and Its Appendages following: For body p. 2 homeostasis A. Soluble proteins on (two-factor) the inner surface of Insoluble proteins the plasma on the inner membrane surface B. Lipid layer attached Lipid layer to the inner surface attached to the of the plasma outer surface membrane C. Both D. NOTA CMED 1C The dermal layer is _____ Mesodermal DERMIS BATCH 2028. in origin. Dense irregular (HISTO).-LC2-Skin C.T. (mesodermal) and Its Appendages A. Epidermal p. 1 B. Mesodermal C. Ectodermal D. Endodermal TRUE about the Contains bases of SUBCUTIS/PANNICULUS Gundaway. panniculus: hair follicles Consists of (HISTO)- LC2- adipose tissue, Skin and Skin A. Mesodermal origin blood vessels & Appendages pg. B. Contains elastic nerves 7 tissue Also contains C. Avascular sweat glands & D. Contains bases of bases of hair hair follicles follicles The three main layers of False 3 main layers of the skin: BATCH 2028. the skin are the epidermis, Epidermis (HISTO).-LC2-Skin basement membrane zone Dermis and Its Appendages and the dermis. Hypodermis or p. 1-2 Subcutis A. True B. False These glands develop as Sebaceous glands SEBACEOUS GLANDS BATCH 2028. the main lateral protrusions Associated with (HISTO).-LC2-Skin from the hair follicle: hair follicles and Its Appendages (pilosebaceous p. 11 A. Eccrine glands unit) B. Sebaceous glands Lateral protrusions C. Apocrine glands from the hair D. All of the above follicle Smaller melanosomes will Blonde hair BLACK HAIR - large BATCH 2028. produce what kind of hair melanosomes (HISTO).-LC2-Skin color? BLONDE HAIR - Smaller and Its Appendages melanosomes p. 10 A. Black hair aggregated within B. Blonde hair membrane-bound C. Red hair complexes D. Gray hair RED HAIR - Spherical melanosomes GRAY HAIR - Loss of melanosomes The hemidesmosomes in True Hemidesmosomes in the Junqueira's Basic the dermo-epidermal basal cell membranes join Histology, 9th ed. junction are plasma these cells to the basal Page 365. membranes of the basal lamina, and desmosomes keratinocytes with bind the cells of this layer specialized attachment together in their lateral plates. and upper surfaces. A. True B. Flase CMED 1C The eccrine glands False SEBACEOUS GLANDS BATCH 2028. develop as lateral Associated with (HISTO).-LC2-Skin protrusions from the hair hair follicles and Its Appendages follicle. (pilosebaceous p. 11 unit) A. True Lateral protrusions B. False from the hair follicle A part of the basement Sublamina densa SUBLAMINA DENSA Menon, G. et al membrane zone that A zone in the BMZ (2009). Dermal– contains fibrous below the lamina Epidermal Junction components: densa that (DEJ) or Basement contains fibrous Membrane Zone A. Lamina lucida components (BMZ). Tissue B. Sublamina densa (anchoring fibrils), Engineering. C. Lamina densa dermal microfibrils, D. Hemidesmosomes and collagen fibers Merkel cells are abundant True MERKEL CELLS BATCH 2028. in the palms and soles. Found in stratum (HISTO).-LC2-Skin germinativum in and Its Appendages A. True association with p. 4 B. False intraepithelial nerve endings Palms, soles, infundibulum, epithelium of nail beds, oral mucosa, genital regions The site where the Midline of the back SEBACEOUS GLANDS BATCH 2028. sebaceous glands are More abundant in (HISTO).-LC2-Skin more abundant: the scalp, face, and Its Appendages midline of the p. 11 A. Palms back, perineum B. Midline of the back and orifices of the C. Buccal mucosa body D. Eyelids Depending on the integrity Holocrine Sebaceous glands are Eroschenko, V. P. of the secretory cells, classified based on the (2017). Atlas of sebaceous glands are mode of secretion and the Histology (13th classified as: structure. In holocrine Edition). Wolters glands, such as the A. Merocrine sebaceous glands of the Kluwer. B. Eccrine skin, the cells themselves C. Apocrine become the secretory D. Holocrine product that accumulates in the glands. The Huxley layer of the True Huxley layer: thin, Joshi, R. (2011). The hair follicle has a thin and granular epithelial stratum. Inner Root Sheath. granular epithelial stratum Single/double layer of National Library of flattened cells formed the Medicine. A. True middle plate of the internal B. False root sheath. CMED 1C  Henle layer: thin, pale epithelial stratum. Outer layer of cuboidal cells. Direct contact with the outermost part of the follicle which represents a downgrowth of epidermis as external root sheath. Match the descriptions with 1. Eccrine glands Apocrine glands Eroschenko, V. P. the item that fits them best: 2. Sebaceous innervated by (2017). Atlas of glands adrenergic nerve Histology. (13th A. Cholinergic 3. Apocrine endings Edition). Wolters innervation glands Sweats in B. Part of the response to Kluwer. pilosebaceous unit A. 1 increased body C. Adrenergic B. 2 temperature. Mescher, A. L. innervation C. 3 Sebaceous glands (2016). Junqueira’s D. Found anywhere D. 2 Associated with Basic Histology on the body except E. 1 each hair follicle to (14th Edition). the palms and which smooth Lange. soles muscles arrector E. Stimulated by heat pili are attached to. Eccrine glands Found in palms and soles. Receive cholinergic fibers. The skin appendages True SKIN APPENDAGES BATCH 2028. function as a reserve Function: Reserve (HISTO).-LC2-Skin epidermis for epidermis and Its Appendages epithelialization after skin (re-epithelialization) p. 8 injury by migration of the keratinocytes from the adnexal epithelium to the skin surface. A. True B. False CMED 1C  o QUIZ 1 QUESTION ANSWER RATIONALE REFERENCE Layer of the basement Lamina lucida The relatively electron-lucent Wheater’s membrane zone that is lamina lucida LL (ranging from Functional electron-lucent and is a 10-50 nm in width) abuts the Histology (6th ed.) portion of papillary basal epithelial cell plasma p.72 dermis: membrane. A. Hemidesmosomes B. Lamina lucida C. Lamina densa D. Sublamina densa In the normal skin, 28 days Cornification or keratinization Tagnawa Transes: cornification normally takes occurs when basal cells divide by Skin and its place within how many mitosis and as they move Appendages, p. 2 days? upwards they flatten and become anucleated. This takes place A. 14 days within 28 days. B. 20 days C. 28 days D. 35 days Which of the following is the Type I collagen Type I is the most abundant and Junqueira's Basic major component of the widely distributed collagen that Histology Text and dermis? densely fills the connective tissue Atlas (15th ed.) p. forming structures such as 104 A. Type II collagen tendons, organ capsules and B. Type VII collagen dermis. C. Type IX collagen D. Type I collagen The following are protective Vitamin D3 Protective functions of the skin Tagnawa Transes: functions of the skin except: production include: (1) physical barrier Skin and its against thermal and mechanical Appendages, p. 1 A. Physical barrier insults; (2) Immunoregulatory B. Antimicrobial through antimicrobial properties properties contribution to the innate immune C. Melanin production system; (3) Ultraviolet protection D. Vitamin D3 through skin pigmentation by production melanin production It is the most common type Basal cell Basal cell carcinoma is the most Lippincott's of skin cancer. carcinoma common, but most benign skin Pocket cancer. While squamous cell Histology p.118 A. Basal cell carcinoma carcinoma comes the second B. Squamous cell most common yet more carcinoma aggressive than the former. C. Malignant melanoma D. NOTA CMED 1C What blood supply is located Deep plexus A deep plexus with a larger blood Junqueira's Basic in the interface of the dermis and lymphatic vessels lies near Histology Text and and the subcutaneous layer? the interface of the dermis and Atlas (15th ed.) p. the subcutaneous layer. 380 A. Superficial plexus Superficial plexus is located B. Deep plexus between the papillary and C. Arteriovenous reticular dermal layers. anastomosis Arteriovenous anastomosis is D. NOTA located between the two major plexuses. The skin accounts for what 15-20% The skin is the largest single Junqueira's Basic percentage of the body’s organ of the body, typically Histology Text and total mass? accounting for 15%-20% of total Atlas (15th ed.) p. body weight. 371 A. 5-10% B. 10-15% C. 15-20% D. 20-25% A hormone produced by the Leptin Leptin is a polypeptide hormone Junqueira's Basic subcutis that regulates body with target cells in the Histology Text and weight via hypothalamus: hypothalamus that helps regulate Atlas (15th ed.) p. eating behavior. 127 A. Leptin B. Ghrelin C. Melanocortin D. Melanin The following are Psoriasis In the chronic skin condition Junqueira's Basic predominantly dermal called psoriasis, keratocytes are Histology Text and conditions except: typically produced and Atlas (15th ed.) p. differentiate at accelerated rates, 375 A. Striae causing at least slight thickening B. Psoriasis of the epidermal layers and C. Cutis laxa increased keratinization and D. Keloid desquamation. Racial differences in skin False Skin color is not directly affected Tagnawa Transes: color are caused by the by melanocytes but rather by Skin and its number, size and distribution melanosomes. Skin color is a Appendages, p. 6 of melanocytes. factor of number, size and distribution of melanosomes A. True within the keratinocytes. B. False QUIZ 2 It is an extension of the Eponychium The proximal part of the nail is the Junqueira's Basic proximal nail fold. nail root and is covered by a fold Histology Text and of skin, from which the epidermal Atlas (15th ed.) p. A. Eponychium stratum corneum extends as the 384-385 B. Hyponychium cuticle, or eponychium. C. Perionychium D. Lunula Skin appendages first Second Skin appendages first develop in Wheater’s develop in what stage of trimester the second trimester of Functional development? intrauterine development as Histology (6th ed.) CMED 1C  simple as down growths of the p.169 A. First trimester surface epithelium into the B. Second trimester developing subepithelial layers of C. Third trimester mesoderm. D. Fourth trimester Secretion from dark cells is Mucoid Clear cells secrete watery diFiore’s Atlas of primarily what? product, whereas dark cells Histology with secrete mainly mucous Functional A. Seroud Correlations (12th B. Mucoid C. Mixed ed.) p. 278 D. NOTA Considered to be the sweat Eccrine Heat as the stimuli, ducts of the Tagnawa Transes: source: eccrine/sweat source open Skin Appendages, directly into epidermis as a sweat p. 7 A. Eccrine pore under the control of B. Apocrine hypothalamic thermostat C. Apoeccrine D. NOTA Specialized sebaceous Montgomery Sebaceous glands are found in Andrews' glands on the areola of glands greatest abundance on the face Diseases of the women: and scalp, although they are Skin: Clinical distributed throughout all skin Dermatology A. Meibomian glands sites except the palms and soles. B. Fordyce glands Associated with hair follicles, (13th ed.) p. 7 C. Montgomery glands except at the following sites: D. Tyson glands tarsal plate of the eyelids (meibomian glands) buccal mucosa and vermilion border of the lip (Fordyce spots) prepuce and mucosa lateral to the penile frenulum (Tyson glands) labia minora, and female areola (Montgomery tubercles) The 3rd bud in a fetal follicle Apocrine gland In a fetal follicle, aside from the Andrews' gives rise to which structure? Eccrine gland two buds that develop into Diseases of the sebaceous gland and another to Skin: Clinical A. Sebaceous gland an attachment for the arrector pili Dermatology B. Arrector pili muscle muscle, a third bud will develop C. Eccrine gland on the opposite side above the (13th ed.) p. 5 D. Apocrine gland level of the sebaceous gland. It will give rise to an apocrine gland. Match the following 1. Thin skin The epidermis forms the major Junqueira's Basic descriptions with either thick 2. Thick skin distinction between thick skin, Histology Text and or thin skin: found on the palms and soles, Atlas (16th ed.) A. 1 and thin skin found elsewhere on pp.371-372 A. Thin epidermis B. 2 the body. The dermal-epidermal B. No pilosebaceous C. 2 interdigitations are of the peg follicles D. 1 and-socket variety in most skin, Wheater’s Functional CMED 1C  C. Abundant sweat but they occur as well-formed Histology (6th ed.) glands ridges and grooves in the thick p.172, 177 D. Lacks ridges and skin of the palms and soles, grooves which is more subject to friction. The skin of the soles and palms is glabrous, i.e. completely devoid of hair and hair follicles. Sweat glands and nerve endings are numerous at both sites. Each hair follicle and its associated arrector pili muscle and sebaceous glands is known as a pilosebaceous unit. CMED 1C