Histo Lab - Lecture 5 (Cartilage, Bone and Blood) PDF

12/17/24 TYPES OF CARTILAGE Hyaline Cartilage – Trachea, costal cartilage Elastic Cartilage – Epiglotti...

12/17/24 TYPES OF CARTILAGE Hyaline Cartilage – Trachea, costal cartilage Elastic Cartilage – Epiglottis, external ear HUMAN HISTOLOGY LABORATORY Fibrocartilage – Intervertebral disc CARTILAGE, BONE & BLOOD 1 2 CARTILAGE THE CARTILAGE MATRIX Specialized form of connective tissue consisting of The cartilage matrix endows the tissue with resilience that chondrocytes and extracellular fibers embedded in an allows it to bear mechanical stresses without distortion. amorphous, gel-like matrix. Chondrocytes are cells in the cartilage. 3 4 CARTILAGE VASCULARITY PERICHONDRIUM Cartilage is vascular and gets Perichondrium is the fibrous tissue surrounding the cartilage nourishment from blood plate. It is a condensation of the deeper part of the tunica vessels in the outer part of propia. perichondrium. Vascularity refers to the presence of blood vessels. 5 6 1  12/17/24 HYALINE CARTILAGE It is characterized by a mass of cellular tissue and with a homogenous ground substance or matrix without demonstrable fibers. It contains chondrocytes within the lacunae in the matrix that are arranged in groups called cell nests found in the center of the plate. 7 8 HYALINE CARTILAGE HYALINE CARTILAGE 9 10 HYALINE CARTILAGE ELASTIC CARTILAGE The elastic cartilage is stained with Mallory’s Phosphotungstic Acid Hematoxylin. It consists of perichondrium, matrix, lacunae, chondrocytes and cell families. 11 12 2  12/17/24 ELASTIC CARTILAGE ELASTIC CARTILAGE It is differentiated from a hyaline cartilage by the presence of elastic fibers in the matrix not demonstrable by H&E stain. H&E Stain – Hematoxylin and Eosin stain 13 14 ELASTIC CARTILAGE FIBROCARTILAGE It has a dense fibrous nature in contrast to the other cartilage tissues. It is largely composed of dense collagenous CT. Between the fiber bundles, there are small islands of hyaline cartilaginous matrix with lacunae and spherical chondrocytes occurring singly or in small groups. 15 16 FIBROCARTILAGE FIBROCARTILAGE It has no perichondrium and it is avascular within the It is a transition stage between cartilage and dense CT. cartilage plate. Avascular means absence of blood vessels. 17 18 3  12/17/24 FIBROCARTILAGE FIBROCARTILAGE It consists of collagenous fibers, matrix and cartilage cells. 19 20 FIBRO CARTILAGE 21 22 BONES The bone is the most highly differentiated connective tissues. It is rigid and it makes up our skeletons. 23 24 4  12/17/24 BONES TYPES OF BONES Bones are second to cartilage in its ability to withstand stress. Spongy bone Compact bone It consists of osteocytes, fibers and ground substance (matrix) which are calcified to make it hard and brittle. Osteocytes are cells of the bone. 25 26 GROUND BONE COMPACT AND SPONGY BONE Ground bone consists of the Haversian lamellae which Consists of external surrounds the small Haversian canals. circumferential lamellae, internal circumferential lamellae, haversian lamellae, Osteocytes are lodged in the lacunae. haversian canal, lacunae and bone canaliculi. Black spots in the lacunae are artifacts or dirt that accumulated when the bone was washed during specimen preparation. 27 28 COMPACT BONE OSTEON Binds, supports and protects organs Comes together to form the skeleton 29 30 5  12/17/24 OSTEON OSTEON Compact bone tissue consists of units called osteons or Haversian systems. Osteons are cylindrical structures that contain a mineral matrix and living osteocytes connected by canaliculi, which transport blood. 31 32 BONE MARROW BONE MARROW The bone marrow is responsible for hematopoiesis. The bone marrow consists of hematopoietic cords, blood vessels, and adipose cells. Hematopoiesis is the production of bloods cells. Adipose cells are seen using sudanophilic stain. 33 34 35 36 6  12/17/24 BLOOD BLOOD Transports hormones, nutrients and cells all over the body. Blood is formed from the hematopoietic CT found inside the bone marrow. Blood is a fluid CT. CT is Connective Tissue. 37 38 BLOOD BLOOD 39 40 41 42 7  12/17/24 BLOOD 43 44 BLOOD CELLS Different types of blood cells have different functions. Red blood cells are responsible for transportation of O 2 and CO 2. Neutrophils are elevated in bacterial infections. Eosinophils are generally elevated in parasitic infections. Basophils are generally elevated in allergic reactions. Lymphocytes produce antibodies. Monocytes converts into macrophages which engulf pathogens. Platelets are responsible for blood clotting during wounds. 45 46 HEMATOPOIESIS HEMATOPOIESIS Also known as hemopoiesis Blood formation Yolk sac à Liver à Bone marrow 47 48 8  12/17/24 HEMATOPOIESIS HEMATOPOIESIS 49 50 MARFAN SYNDROME Marfan syndrome is an inherited disorder that affects connective tissue. The connective tissue lacks strength. Affects all connective tissues. 51 9