Patient Education Module 9 PDF

Module 9 Patient Education  Learning Outcomes ▪ Describe effective teaching methods and evaluation strategies. ▪ Explain how to integrate health education into patient- centred care. ▪ Describe the domains of learning. ▪ Identify basic learning principles. ▪ Describe a teaching plan and its rol...

Module 9 Patient Education  Learning Outcomes ▪ Describe effective teaching methods and evaluation strategies. ▪ Explain how to integrate health education into patient- centred care. ▪ Describe the domains of learning. ▪ Identify basic learning principles. ▪ Describe a teaching plan and its role in client education. ▪ Identify factors that facilitate and inhibit learning. ▪ Describe strategies to assess the learning needs of clients. ▪ Describe effective teaching methods and evaluation strategies. ▪ Explain how to integrate health education into patient- centred care.  Health Literacy ▪ Health literacy is defined by the Canadian Public Health Association as the ability to access, understand, evaluate and communicate information as a way to promote, maintain, and improve health in a variety of settings across the life course. ▪ In practice, it could include knowing how to describe symptoms, where to find help for health issues, how to understand medical information and how to safely manage the use of medication. ▪ Literacy ≠ intelligence  Definitions ▪ Literacy = able to understand and use print information ▪ Numeracy = able to understand and use math in school, work and life ▪ Health literacy = able to access, understand and use health information to manage one’s health ▪ Digital Literacy = The skills needed to search, select, judge, transform, communicate, and use online health information.  Did you know that… ▪ 23% of Canadians find it difficult to find out where to get professional help when ill ▪ 60% are unable to obtain, understand and act upon health information to make appropriate decisions on their own ▪ 54% of Canadians find it difficult to judge when to seek a 2nd opinion from another doctor ▪ People with low health literacy skills are more likely to 1) require hospitalizations, 2) need to repeat doctor’s visits, and 3) misunderstand how to take their medications, including potential side effects. ▪ https://shorturl.at/BIKT3  Literacy is a Key Determinant of Health Literacy is a range of abilities to communicate, think critically, and make decisions in daily life. It helps us understand the world we live in. Increasing health literacy is essential to empowering people to manage their health and advocate for their family’s and their own wellbeing, as well as reducing the burden on Canada’s health care system.  Digital Health Literacy The skills needed to Digital health literacy search, select, judge, programs, if designed transform, precisely, can be used communicate, and use to mediate the effects of online health the social determinants information. of health disparities  Did you know that… ▪ 84% of jobs in Canada require the use of basic technical skills? Even low-skilled jobs increasingly require a basic level of digital literacy. ▪ Many working-age Canadians struggle with problem solving in technology rich environments. ▪ 9% of Canadians report that they do not subscribe to or have access to the Internet at home  Importance of digital health literacy Several factors influence digital health literacy for Canadians: ▪ Canadians living in remote communities scored significantly lower than those living in cities, large or small urban centers ▪ Canadians with less education tend to score lower on digital health literacy. ▪ Older adults (65+) surveyed scored significantly lower than all other age groups. ▪ Canadians with annual household income of less than $50k scored significantly lower than higher income categories ▪ Canadians with access to their personal health information online and those with a family doctor scored significantly higher. ▪ Canadians with experience of using virtual care services tends to score higher on digital health literacy  Literacy and patient health ▪ Low literacy levels have a major negative impact on health (as d of h) ▪ Incorrect use of medications ▪ Failure to comply with medical directions ▪ Errors in administration of infant formula ▪ Safety risks in the community, at work and at home ▪ Inability to access information for personal lifestyle and coping skills ▪ Links between literacy, poverty and health…  11 The Importance of Health Literacy Health literacy skills are used for: ▪ making healthy lifestyle choices, ▪ finding and understanding health and safety information, ▪ locating proper health services. http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=qRO2fjfqVrs NRS 101 113  Health Literacy Assessment Tool for Patient Care ▪ The Newest Vital Sign (NVS) is a valid and reliable screening tool available in English and Spanish ▪ Identifies patients at risk for low health literacy. ▪ It is easy and quick to administer, requiring just three minutes. In clinical settings, the test allows providers to appropriately adapt their communication practices to the patient’s health literacy level. How Does it Work? The Newest Vital Sign is based on a nutrition label from an ice cream container. Patients are given the label and then asked 6 questions about it. Patients can and should refer to the label while answering questions. The questions are asked orally and the responses recorded by a health care provider or researcher on a special score sheet, which contains the correct answers. Based on the number of correct responses, the health care provider or researcher can assess the patient’s health literacy level ▪ https://cdn.pfizer.com/pfizercom/health/nvs_flipbook_english_final.pdf  Patient Education ▪ Educating patients is one of the most important roles for nurses. ▪ Patients and family members need health education to make informed decisions. ▪ Patient education is especially important in view of current trend of shorter hospital stays, increased demands on nurses’ time, and more patients with acute conditions and chronically ill patients. ▪ Nurses are not only a primary source of information but also often clarify information other health care providers.  ▪ Learning environment ▪ Ability to learn ▪ Emotional capability ▪ Intellectual capability Basic Learning ▪ Physical capability ▪ Developmental stage Principles ▪ Learning in children ▪ Adult learning ▪ Social determinants of health  Learning Principles ▪ Association is necessary to learning ▪ Imitation is a method of learning ▪ Motivation strengthens learning ▪ Spacing new material facilitates learning ▪ Recency influences retention ▪ Primacy affects retention ▪ Arousal influences attention  Learning Principles (con’t) ▪ Accurate and prompt feedback enhances learning ▪ Application of new learning in a variety of contexts broadens the generalization of that learning ▪ The learner’s biological, psychological, sociological, and cultural realities (personal history) shape the learner’s perception of the learning experience  Basic Learning Principles Motivation to The patient’s desire or learn willingness to learn Ability to learn Depends on physical and cognitive abilities, developmental level, physical wellness, thought processes Learning Allows a person to attend to environment instruction 17 Teaching and Learning Teaching and Teaching is an learning begin interactive when a person process that identifies a promotes learning. knowledge or skill deficit. With successful Teaching is most teaching, patients effective when it can learn new addresses the skills or change learner’s needs, existing attitudes. learning style, and capacity.  Role of the Nurse in Teaching and Learning In patient education Create an Use the most Use a patient-centred Assess the learning environment to appropriate approach. needs of the patient. facilitate learning. educational strategy. The information that patients need to make such decisions must be accurate, complete, and relevant to their needs.  Teaching as Communication ▪ Teaching closely parallels the communication process. ▪ Effective teaching depends on effective communication: ▪ Listening empathetically ▪ Observing astutely ▪ Speaking clearly Bloom’s Domains of learning (1956) Cognitive Affective Psychomotor  Domains of Learning Cognitive Includes all intellectual (understanding) behaviours and requires thinking Affective Expression of feelings and (attitudes) acceptance of attitudes, opinions, or values Psychomotor Involves acquiring skills that (motor skills) require integration of mental and muscular activity 22  Develop Objectives Clarify and Clarify and specify the learning intention and direction specify Clarify what the learner should know, think, feel or be able Clarify to do by the end of the lesson Create Create accountability in the learning process Form the basis for assessment Form From a slide by Kathy Weatherall  Domains of Learning ▪ Cognitive learning ▪ Remembering ▪ Understanding ▪ Applying ▪ Analyzing ▪ Evaluating ▪ Creating Domains of Learning ▪ Receiving ▪ Responding ▪ Valuing ▪ Organization ▪ Characterization Domains of Learning ▪ Psychomotor learning ▪ Perception ▪ Set ▪ Guided response ▪ Mechanism ▪ Complex overt response ▪ Adaptation ▪ Origination  Integrating the Nursing and Teaching Processes The nursing and teaching processes are related and usually take place concurrently. Like the nursing process, the teaching process requires assessment, nursing diagnosis, planning, implementation, and evaluation. However, the processes are not exactly the same: the nursing process is broader.  Integrating the Nursing and Teaching Processes ▪ Assessment ▪ Identify Learning needs ▪ Ability to learn ▪ Motivation to learn ▪ Teaching environment ▪ Resources for learning  Literacy Assessment Clues that your patient is not understanding you ▪ Withdrawal and avoidance ▪ Making excuses ▪ Showing frustration and restlessness when attempting to read ▪ Puzzled looks ▪ Irrelevant statements  People with Poor Reading Skills ▪ Have difficulty: ▪ Analyzing instructions ▪ Assimilating and correlating new information ▪ Formulating questions ▪ Knowing what to ask ▪ Fear of what others will think  Integrating the Nursing and Teaching Processes Examples of nursing diagnoses: Health maintenance Health-seeking behaviours Health self-management Mastery of health-related skill Deficient knowledge When health care problems can be managed through education, the foci of patient education are knowledge and skills.  Goals of Patient Education Maintaining and Maintaining and promoting health and preventing illness promoting Restoring Restoring health Coping Coping With Impaired Functioning  ▪ Planning Integrating ▪ After identifying a patient’s learning needs and the Nursing identifying a nursing focus, the nurse and ▪ Develops a teaching plan Teaching ▪ Sets goals and expected outcomes Processes ▪ Works with the patient to select a teaching method  ▪ Planning ▪ Developing learning objectives ▪ SMART ▪ Setting priorities ▪ Timing ▪ Organizing teaching material Integrating ▪ Maintaining attention and promoting participation the Nursing ▪ Building on existing knowledge and ▪ Selecting teaching methods Teaching ▪ Selecting resources Processes ▪ Writing teaching plans *Readability, Plain Language and Clear Design are on a separate power point. ▪ Implementation Integrating ▪ Teaching approaches ▪ Telling the ▪ Selling ▪ Participating Nursing ▪ Entrusting and ▪ Reinforcing Teaching Processes ▪ Implementation ▪ Incorporating teaching into nursing care Integrating ▪ Implementing teaching methods ▪ One-on-one discussion the ▪ Group instruction Nursing ▪ Preparatory instruction ▪ Demonstrations and ▪ Analogies Teaching ▪ Role playing ▪ Simulation Processes ▪ Implementation ▪ Implementing teaching methods Integrating ▪ Paying attention to learning barriers ▪ Illiteracy and learning disabilities the ▪ Health literacy Nursing ▪ Sensory alterations and other barriers and ▪ Language Teaching ▪ Cultural diversity ▪ Needs of patients with severe illness Processes Integrating the Nursing and Teaching Processes ▪ Evaluation ▪ It is necessary to determine whether the patient has learned the material. ▪ This helps to reinforce correct behaviour and change an incorrect behaviour. ▪ Success depends on the patient’s performance of expected outcomes. Integrating the Nursing and Teaching Processes ▪ Evaluation ▪ Measurement methods ▪ Patient expectations ▪ Documentation