Industrialization in America (Google Slides)

Key Terms: Gilded Age Industrialization Urbanization Time period in The growth of America between the Reconstruction industry and The and WWI, often machinery as growth of c...

Key Terms: Gilded Age Industrialization Urbanization Time period in The growth of America between the Reconstruction industry and The and WWI, often machinery as growth of characterized by an increase in industry, a factor of cities urbanization and production. immigration.  by the numbers 11,000,000 migrated from rural to urban areas between 1870-1920 What Majority of 25,000,000 immigrants who problems do you migrated to the United States settled in think cities come with By 1920 more Americans lived in cities the rapid than in rural areas for the first time in US growth of cities? 2 History  of New inventions (cars, Bessemer LABOR Process, telegraph, ect) CAPITAL After the Civil War ends led to new uses Manufacturing immigrants for land and come to industries LAND natural resources expand America for jobs and land.  DIFFERENT TYPES OF Laissez- ➔Government should interfere as little as Faire possible with business business governmen t Vertical ➔ Business strategy that involves controlling all Integration factors of production coal trains shipping mines Horizontal ➔ Business strategy that involves buying Integration competing companies oil field oil field oil field How did immigrants build the economy during the Gilded Age? ➔ Wars ranny and ➔ Political ty instability on: ➔ Limitations ◆ Social class movement edom ◆ Religious fre ship ◆ Land owner ➔ Democracy ➔ Availability o ➔ f: Land owners ➔ hip Social mobilit ➔ y Jobs workers organize into UNION: Organization of workers who have a collective interest in improving working conditions. Unions like the American Federation of Labor and the Knights of Labor organized strikes in order for industrialists to give into their demands ➔ Strike: laborers refuse to work until their demands are met ➔ Scabs: replacement workers for those on strike  of the Gilded Age Railroad Strike of Homestead Strike 1877 80,000 railroad workers went 10,000 steel workers went on strike on strike, damaged due to a 20% cut in pay. equipment, and blocked Management hired a private police force (the Pinkertons) to break the service to ⅔ of railways strike President Hayes sent 14 hours of fighting between federal troops to major strikebreakers and strikers cities 16 died Took 12 days and $10 Governor of Pennsylvania sent million to repair 8,000 members of militia to protect strikebreakers 11 people were killed th e ➔ Labor activists protest the killing ➔ Widespread xenophobia and harming of ➔ That night there was a ◆ xenophobia: dislike workers by the protest of 2,000 of or prejudice Chicago police activists near against people from during a strike the Haymarket Square other countries day before ➔ Chaos ensues when ➔ 8 men labeled as ➔ Anarchist and police arrived to anarchists and believed to German immigrant disperse the crowd be connected with the August Spies who ◆ an individual threw a bombing were convicted edited the bomb at the police without evidence newspaper Arbeiter- ◆ police and the crowd ◆ 4 of the men were Zeitung denounced fired upon each other hanged police activity ◆ 7 police officers died ◆ 1 committed suiced and one civilian before his hanging  Where are most of the labor movements taking place? Why?  The Gilded Age (PBS documentary) reports that by the time of 1897 the richest 4,000 families in the U.S. (representing less than 1% of the population) had about as much wealth as other 11.6 million families all together (99%) Rockefeller: Oil $409 Billion Carnegie: Steel $310 Billion Ford: Automotives $199 Billion $185 Billion Vanderbilt: Railroads $49 Billion J.P. Morgan: Banker ➔ Prohibits activities that restrict interstate commerce and competition in the marketplace “Every contract, combination in the form of trust or otherwise, or conspiracy, in restraint of trade or commerce among the several States, or with foreign nations, is hereby declared to be illegal.” ➔ Outlawed trusts and monopolies ◆ Trust: Organization of several businesses in the same industry, by joining forces, the trust controls production and distribution of a product or service, limiting competition ◆ Monopoly: Businesses that have total control over a sector of the economy, including prices  Why is there such a big gap between the rich and the poor? ➔ Philosophy that states that only those who are the fittest will survive in business, or in the world. ➔ Successful businesses are the strongest and they adapt. Successful individuals are naturally better, smarter and fit for society  Why is there such a big gap between the rich and the poor? ➔ Businesses grew largely unregulated by the federal government (Laissez-Faire), unless it benefited the business ◆ Government broke strikes in favor of business ◆ The federal government gave the railroad industry land grants to build the railroad Examining Perspectives Industrialists were honest, philanthropic businessmen who Industrialists were created markets, ruthless businessmen improved society and who manipulated the created jobs government to their favor, exploited workers and swindled investors  “The growth of a large business is merely survival of the fittest....The American Beauty Rose can be produced... only by sacrificing the early buds which grow up around it. This is not an evil tendency in business. It is merely the working-out of a law of nature and a law of God.” - J.D. Rockefeller, 1903 "This, then, is held to be the duty of the man of Wealth: First to set an example of modest, ostentatious living.. to provide moderately for the legitimate wants of those dependent upon him... the man of wealth thus becoming a mere agent and trustee for his poorer brethren, bringing to their service his superior wisdom, experience and ability to administer, doing for them better than they would or could do for themselves." -Andrew Carnegie, “The Gospel of Wealth” 1889 17