Hemoglobin Content R PDF

Hemoglobin Estimation Faculty of Physical Therapy Blood Physiology Practical 1 Dr. Marwa Taha  Composition of the Blood 1- Plasma the fluid part …..55 % 2- Cellular part …. 45 % Blood cells are - Erythrocyte (Red blood cell, RBC), - Leu...

Hemoglobin Estimation Faculty of Physical Therapy Blood Physiology Practical 1 Dr. Marwa Taha  Composition of the Blood 1- Plasma the fluid part …..55 % 2- Cellular part …. 45 % Blood cells are - Erythrocyte (Red blood cell, RBC), - Leukocyte (white blood cell, WBC) - Thrombocyte (platelet).  RED BLOOD CORPUSCLES (RBCs) ERYTHROCYTES ₋ Shape: Non-nucleated Biconcave discs provide a larger surface area for diffusion of O2 and CO2 across the membrane, and no mitochondria. ₋ RBCs Count: - In adult males: 5.4 million/mm3. - In adult females: 4.8 million/mm3. - It is higher in hypoxia (newborn infants, athletes, and high altitudes). - It is decreased in old age. ₋ Life Span: 120 days.  RED BLOOD CORPUSCLES (RBCs) RBCs contains HEMOGLOBIN (HB): The red oxygen-carrying pigment of RBCs. The Hb molecule consists of two parts: ▪ Globin: A protein made up of four highly folded polypeptide chains, forming 2 pairs. Each pair is formed of 2 subunits 2 α chains, and 2 β chains ▪ Heme: 4 subunits, each is an iron- protoporphyrin. Heme is an iron in the ferrous state (Fe2+)  Types of Hemoglobin Adult hemoglobin (HbA): - Globin part (2 alpha and 2 beta chains). Fetal Hemoglobin (HbF): - It is present in fetal blood. - Globin part (2 alpha & 2 gamma chains). HbA HbF has a higher affinity for oxygen than HbA, which facilitates the movement of oxygen from maternal to fetal blood. After birth, HbF changes to HbA, and complete change is reached by the age of 6 months. HbF  Derivatives of Hemoglobin Oxyhemoglobin (OxyHb): O2 binds with Hb in the heme part (iron, Fe++). Carbamino hemoglobin (HbCO2): CO2 binds with Hb in the globin part. Carboxy hemoglobin (HbCO) CO binds with Hb in the heme part (Fe++). CO is attached to Fe++ in high affinity (210 times as O2). Methemoglobin (MetHb) MetHb is caused due to the oxidation by drugs or oxidizing agents, iron is oxidized into ferric (Fe+++) state, darker in color & cannot carry O2.  Hemoglobin ( HB ) HB content: Amount of Hb (No of gm) in 100 ml of blood. Normal values: In adult males: 15-16 g/dl. In adult females: 13-14 g/dl. In newborns: 19 g/dl.  Sahli experiment Hemoglobin ( HB) determination: -HB content : the amount of Hb in grams /100ml of the blood. -HB percentage: the percentage of the Hb content in relation to normal. Principle : RBCs (red) + HCL (10%) >> rupture >> release Hb >> acid hematin (brownish). - The higher the content the deeper the color  Procedure 1- put the HCL till the mark 10 % in sahli’s tube. 2- Suck the blood by the Pipette till 20 µ. 3- Blow the blood inside HCL (10%). 4- Mix gently, Let the tube to stand for 10 min. 5- Add water (drop by drop) till the color matches the color in the comparator. 6- Take the reading. Sahli's hemoglobinometer 90 % 12 gm/dl Clinical significance Anemia In adult males: 15-16 g/dl Polycythemia In adult females: 13-14 g/dl Digital hemoglobinometer  Quiz One molecule of hemoglobin contains: A. One heme + one polypeptide chain B. One heme + two polypeptide chains. C. Four heme + two polypeptide chains. D. Four heme + four polypeptide chains. E. Two heme + four polypeptide chains.  Quiz All of the following are true of RBCs EXCEPT A. Biconcave disc shape B. Life span of approximately 120 days C. Contain hemoglobin D. Contain nuclei  Quiz Hemoglobin: A. Transports oxygen but not carbon dioxide B. Is contained within the nucleus of the mature RBC C. Can bind both oxygen and carbon monoxide D. 2 of the above are true  Quiz Normal Hemoglobin level ------------ in adult males and ------------- in adult females.